The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Barrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early events following experimental infection with peste-des-petits ruminants Virus suggest immune cell targeting. PLoS One 2013
2016Co-Authors: Robert A Pope, Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Joe Brownlie, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:Peste-des-petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) is a viral pathogen that causes a devastating plague of small ruminants. PPRV is an economically significant disease that continues to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world. The current understanding of PPRV pathogenesis has been heavily assumed from the closely related rinderpest Virus (RPV) and other morbilliVirus infections alongside data derived from field outbreaks. There have been few studies reported that have focused on the pathogenesis of PPRV and very little is known about the processes underlying the early stages of infection. In the present study, 15 goats were challenged by the intranasal route with a virulent PPRV isolate, Côte d’Ivoire ’89 (CI/89) and sacrificed at strategically defined time-points post infection to enable pre- and post-mortem sampling. This approach enabled precise monitoring of the progress and distribution of Virus throughout the infection from the time of challenge, through peak viraemia and into a period of convalescence. Observations were then related to findings of previous field studies and experimental models of PPRV to develop a clinical scoring system for PPRV. Importantly, histopathological investigations demonstrated that the initial site for Virus replication is not within the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, as has been previously reported, but is within the tonsillar tissue and lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation. We propose that Virus is taken up by immune cells within the respiratory mucosa which then transport Virus to lymphoid tissues where primary Virus replication occurs, and from where Virus enters circulation
-
early events following experimental infection with peste des petits ruminants Virus suggest immune cell targeting
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Robert A Pope, Joe Brownlie, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:Peste-des-petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) is a viral pathogen that causes a devastating plague of small ruminants. PPRV is an economically significant disease that continues to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world. The current understanding of PPRV pathogenesis has been heavily assumed from the closely related rinderpest Virus (RPV) and other morbilliVirus infections alongside data derived from field outbreaks. There have been few studies reported that have focused on the pathogenesis of PPRV and very little is known about the processes underlying the early stages of infection. In the present study, 15 goats were challenged by the intranasal route with a virulent PPRV isolate, Cote d’Ivoire ’89 (CI/89) and sacrificed at strategically defined time-points post infection to enable pre- and post-mortem sampling. This approach enabled precise monitoring of the progress and distribution of Virus throughout the infection from the time of challenge, through peak viraemia and into a period of convalescence. Observations were then related to findings of previous field studies and experimental models of PPRV to develop a clinical scoring system for PPRV. Importantly, histopathological investigations demonstrated that the initial site for Virus replication is not within the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, as has been previously reported, but is within the tonsillar tissue and lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation. We propose that Virus is taken up by immune cells within the respiratory mucosa which then transport Virus to lymphoid tissues where primary Virus replication occurs, and from where Virus enters circulation. Based on these findings we propose a novel clinical scoring methodology for PPRV pathogenesis and suggest a fundamental shift away from the conventional model of PPRV pathogenesis.
-
A novel approach to generating morbilliVirus vaccines: Negatively marking the rinderpest vaccine
Vaccine, 2012Co-Authors: Hubert Buczkowski, Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:The eradication of rinderpest Virus (RPV) from the globe was possible through the availability of a safe and effective live attenuated vaccine and a suitable companion diagnostic test. However, the inability to serologically '. Differentiate between naturally Infected and Vaccinated Animals' (DIVA) meant that both the time taken to complete the eradication programme and the economic burden on countries involved was significantly greater than if a vaccine and companion diagnostic test that fulfilled the DIVA concept had been available. During the RPV eradication campaign serosurveillance for RPV was primarily based on a competitive ELISA using a RPV specific (C1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the viral haemagglutinin (H) protein but this test was not able to meet DIVA requirements. To provide proof of concept for the generation of novel morbilliVirus DIVA vaccines we have identified, by phage display, and mutated residues critical for C1 mAb binding and assessed the functionality of mutants in an in vitro fusion assay. Finally we have incorporated mutated epitopes into a full length clone and rescued recombinant RPV using reverse genetics techniques. Here we describe a novel mechanism of marking morbilliVirus vaccines, using RPV as a proof of concept, and discuss the applicability of this method to the development of marked vaccines for peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV). © 2012.
-
a real time rt pcr assay for the specific detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus
Journal of Virological Methods, 2011Co-Authors: Carrie Batten, Hubert Buczkowski, Ashley C. Banyard, Donald P King, Mark Henstock, L Edwards, Anna Sanders, Chris C L Oura, Thomas BarrettAbstract:Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) causes a devastating disease of small ruminants present across much of Africa and Asia. Recent surveillance activities and phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the Virus is an emerging problem as it is now being detected in areas previously free of the disease. As such, the Virus not only is threatening small ruminant production and agricultural stability in the developing world, but also poses an economic threat to livestock in the European Union (EU) through introduction from European Turkey and North Africa. This report describes the development of a high throughput, rapid, real time RT-PCR method for the sensitive and specific detection of PPRV using robotic RNA extraction. This assay targets the nucleocapsid (N) gene of PPRV and has been shown to detect all four genetic lineages of PPRV in tissues, ocular and nasal swabs and blood samples collected in the field. The lowest detection limit achieved was approximately 10 genome copies/reaction, making this assay an ideal tool for the sensitive and rapid detection of PPRV in diagnostic laboratories.
-
full genome sequences of two virulent strains of peste des petits ruminants Virus the cote d ivoire 1989 and nigeria 1976 strains
Virus Research, 2008Co-Authors: Louisa S Chard, Ashley C. Banyard, Dalan Bailey, Pradyot Dash, Thomas BarrettAbstract:Peste-des-petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) causes acute febrile illness in both farmed and wild small ruminants, with associated mortality rates of 50–80%. PPRV is a member of the MorbilliVirus genus within the ParamyxoVirus family and although there are many full length genome sequences available for members of this family, their availability for PPRV in particular is limited. We have determined the full length sequences representing two virulent strains of PPRV, the Cote d’Ivoire 1989 (CI/89) and Nigeria 1976 (Ng76/1) strains. We present an alignment of the promoter regions of these Viruses with other available PPRV promoter sequences and have identified domains in PPRV proteins believed to be critical for paramyxoVirus promoter attenuation. We have also analysed the proteins of these Viruses, comparing them to other available PPRV protein sequences and identified motifs that were previously recognised as being required for the function of other paramyxoVirus proteins.
Genevieve Libeau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Peste des petits ruminants Virus
2016Co-Authors: Michael D Baron, A. Diallo, Renaud Lancelot, Genevieve LibeauAbstract:Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) causes a severe contagious disease of sheep and goats and has spread extensively through the developing world. Because of its disproportionately large impact on the livelihoods of low-income livestock keepers, and the availability of effective vaccines and good diagnostics, the Virus is being targeted for global control and eventual eradication. In this review we examine the origin of the Virus and its current distribution, and the factors that have led international organizations to conclude that it is eradicable. We also review recent progress in the molecular and cellular biology of the Virus and consider areas where further research is required to support the efforts being made by national, regional, and international bodies to tackle this growing threat.
-
evolutionary genetics underlying the spread of peste des petits ruminants Virus
Animal Frontiers, 2014Co-Authors: Genevieve Libeau, Adama Diallo, Satya ParidaAbstract:• Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) constitutes one of the major hurdles to the improvement of small-ruminant production in countries where it is endemic, directly affecting the poor, the main keepers of those species. Despite the existence of highly effective vaccines for more than 25 years, this disease remains a worrying and emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic and high-risk regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. • Evolutionary biology of peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV), the causative agent of PPR, has taught us much in the last 10 years, most notably about its recent evolutionary history and the extent of genetic diversity that lead to the four viral lineages known. Emergence of PPR, an ongoing issue, is disclosed through tracing back Viruses belonging to these lineages. • It is likely that viral infections are manifested by a variation of clinical patterns, including strains with altered virulence or epidemiological potential and that the Virus may eventually emerge in other species. However, there are still major gaps in our knowledge, most notably, the extent and causes of genetic diversity behind the disease dynamics and the evolution/variation in the disease severity. • Thus, special attention is to be paid to evolutionary and epidemiological factors underlying PPRV emergence, maintenance and spread, geographic distribution, and disease patterns. Integrated knowledge will provide decision-making tools for better guidance of control efforts against PPR.
-
global distribution of peste des petits ruminants Virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control
Journal of General Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Ashley C. Banyard, Satya Parida, Olivier Kwiatek, C A Batten, C A L Oura, Genevieve LibeauAbstract:Viral diseases of farm animals, rather than being a diminishing problem across the world, are now appearing with regularity in areas where they have never been seen before. Across the developing world, viral pathogens such as peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) place a huge disease burden on agriculture, in particular affecting small ruminant production and in turn increasing poverty in some of the poorest parts of the world. PPRV is currently considered as one of the main animal transboundary diseases that constitutes a threat to livestock production in many developing countries, particularly in western Africa and south Asia. Infection of small ruminants with PPRV causes a devastating plague and as well as being endemic across much of the developing world, in recent years outbreaks of PPRV have occurred in the European part of Turkey. Indeed, the relevance of many once considered 'exotic' Viruses is now also high across the European Union and may threaten further regions across the globe in the future. Here, we review the spread of PPRV across Africa, Asia and into Europe through submissions made to the OIE Regional Reference Laboratories. Further, we discuss current control methods and the development of further tools to aid both diagnosis of the disease and prevention.
-
an outbreak of peste des petits ruminants ppr in camels in the sudan
Acta Tropica, 2010Co-Authors: A I Khalafalla, Genevieve Libeau, Intisar Kamil Saeed, Yahia Hassan Ali, Magdi B Abdurrahman, Olivier Kwiatek, Ali Abu Obeida, Zakia AbbasAbstract:In mid-August 2004, an outbreak of a previously unknown fatal disease of camels was reported to Kassala State veterinary authorities. Several areas in the state were visited during August-October 2004 to collect epidemiological data and specimens for diagnosis. Clinically the disease was characterized by sudden death of apparently healthy animals and yellowish and later bloody diarrhea and abortion. The disease outbreaks coincided with the seasonal movement of animals towards autumn green pasture. Death was always sudden and proceeded with colic and difficulty in respiration. Mortality rate ranged between 0% and 50% and vary in accordance with the area with a mean of 7.4%. More than 80% of deaths were in pregnant and recently-delivered she-camels. All age, sex and breed groups were affected but more than 50% of deaths were reported in adult animals in comparison to calves and young camels. The main post-mortem findings include lung congestion and consolidation, paleness and fragility of liver, enlarged lymph nodes and congestion and hemorrhage of small intestine and stomach. Agar gel diffusion test (AGDT), RT-PCR and Virus isolation in cell culture gave positive results for peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV), a Virus belonging to the MorbilliVirus, Genus, member of the family Paramyxoviridae. The effect of this new devastating disease on camel production in the affected area was discussed as well as proposals for future research.
-
diagnosis of rinderpest Virus and peste des petits ruminants Virus
Rinderpest and Peste des Petits Ruminants#R##N#Virus Plagues of Large and Small Ruminants, 2006Co-Authors: John R Anderson, Mandy Corteyn, Genevieve LibeauAbstract:Publisher Summary For generations rinderpest was diagnosed purely by observation of clinical signs. This chapter provides an overview of the current diagnostic methods used to detect and differentiate between rinderpest and PPR infections in ruminant species. Both antibody and antigen detection methods are described, the former used extensively for evaluating the success of vaccination campaigns and serosurveillance, and the latter for the detection of Virus in clinical samples. The polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing allows a rapid diagnostic result, which can identify the lineage of the Virus concerned and give a clear picture of the epidemiological situation. One of the earliest diagnostic techniques for the detection of rinderpest Virus antigens was the agar gel immunodiffusion test. The technique was greatly improved when high titre hyperimmune rabbit serum was introduced. This was produced using a protocol, which did not induce antibodies to cellular proteins thus reducing non-specific reactions. The advent of monoclonal antibodies made possible accurate differential diagnosis of many Virus diseases. Monoclonal antibody profiling can be used to differentiate between RPV and PPRV, however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology offered the opportunity to develop simple, rapid, and highly specific diagnostic assays to identify RPV and PPRV. These tests are carried out in 96-well plates and are suitable for large-scale sample analyses.
Adama Diallo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolutionary genetics underlying the spread of peste des petits ruminants Virus
Animal Frontiers, 2014Co-Authors: Genevieve Libeau, Adama Diallo, Satya ParidaAbstract:• Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) constitutes one of the major hurdles to the improvement of small-ruminant production in countries where it is endemic, directly affecting the poor, the main keepers of those species. Despite the existence of highly effective vaccines for more than 25 years, this disease remains a worrying and emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic and high-risk regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. • Evolutionary biology of peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV), the causative agent of PPR, has taught us much in the last 10 years, most notably about its recent evolutionary history and the extent of genetic diversity that lead to the four viral lineages known. Emergence of PPR, an ongoing issue, is disclosed through tracing back Viruses belonging to these lineages. • It is likely that viral infections are manifested by a variation of clinical patterns, including strains with altered virulence or epidemiological potential and that the Virus may eventually emerge in other species. However, there are still major gaps in our knowledge, most notably, the extent and causes of genetic diversity behind the disease dynamics and the evolution/variation in the disease severity. • Thus, special attention is to be paid to evolutionary and epidemiological factors underlying PPRV emergence, maintenance and spread, geographic distribution, and disease patterns. Integrated knowledge will provide decision-making tools for better guidance of control efforts against PPR.
-
surveillance of wildlife as a tool for monitoring rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants in west africa
Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L Office International Des Epizooties, 2005Co-Authors: E Couacyhymann, Genevieve Libeau, C Bodjo, T Danho, Adama DialloAbstract:Summary The authors provide a report on the surveillance of rinderpest Virus (RPV) and peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) in the wildlife population in Cote d’Ivoire. For this purpose, 266 animals from nine different species, selected according to susceptibility and abundance, were captured and sampled from Comoe, Marahoue and Lamto Parks. Two hundred and forty seven sera and 214 nasal swabs were collected and analysed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques, respectively. Serological data demonstrated that RPV was not circulating within the national Parks and estimated the PPR seroprevalence to be less than 1%. The analysis of the nasal swabs revealed no cases of RPV infection, but PPRV infection was detected in four species, including buffalo. To minimise the cost of the study without affecting the sensitivity of the test, samples were pooled into different groups and submitted to RT-PCR using nucleoprotein gene specific primers. The RT-PCR used in this study, which was derived from the method developed by Couacy-Hymann et al. in 2002, was followed by a hybridisation step using internal specific probes to confirm the identity of the deoxyribonucleic acid product. When used in conjunction with a cELISA this method accurately demonstrated the absence of rinderpest viral persistence in Cote-d’Ivoire.
-
development of a dual recombinant vaccine to protect small ruminants against peste des petits ruminants Virus and capripoxVirus infections
Journal of Virology, 2003Co-Authors: G Berhe, D. N. Black, Thomas Barrett, Genevieve Libeau, Cécile Minet, Le C Goff, A Ngangnou, Colette Grillet, M Fleming, Adama DialloAbstract:A recombinant capripoxVirus vaccine containing a cDNA of the Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants Virus (PPRV) fusion protein gene was constructed. A quick and efficient method was used to select a highly purified recombinant Virus clone. A trial showed that a dose of this recombinant as low as 0.1 PFU protected goats against challenge with a virulent PPRV strain.
-
rapid and sensitive detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus by a polymerase chain reaction assay
Journal of Virological Methods, 2002Co-Authors: Emmanuel Couacyhymann, Genevieve Libeau, Francois Roger, Corinne Hurard, J P Guillou, Adama DialloAbstract:A rapid and specific test was developed for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants disease. This assay is based on the rapid purification of RNA on glass beads followed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To that effect, a set of primers (NP3/NP4) was used to amplify specifically a fragment of about 350 bp in the 3' end of the RNA messenger that encodes the nucleocapsid protein of the peste des petits ruminants Virus. The PCR-product was detected by UV illumination after electrophoresis on agarose gel or by hybridisation with a digoxigenin-11-dUTP labelled oligonucleotide probe after a blot transfer. In comparison with the conventional titration technique on Vero cells, this RT-PCR assay was 1000-fold more sensitive. Compared with the popular Chomczynski and Sacchi's method [Anal. Biochem. 162 (1987) 156], the purification of the RNA on the glass beads offers the advantage of being more rapid and also avoiding the use of solvents.
-
development of a competitive elisa for detecting antibodies to the peste des petits ruminants Virus using a recombinant nucleoprotein
Research in Veterinary Science, 1995Co-Authors: Genevieve Libeau, Renaud Lancelot, C Prehaud, Francois Colas, L Guerre, D H L Bishop, Adama DialloAbstract:Abstract A competitive ELISA based on the reaction between a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a recombinant nucleoprotein of the peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) was developed. This protein was obtained in large quantities from insect cells infected with a PPR nucleoprotein recombinant baculoVirus (N-B). The competitive ELISA was compared with the Virus neutralisation test (VNT) for detecting specific antibodies to PPRV in sheep and goats. The time consuming VNT is the only prescribed test that is capable of distinguishing between PPRV and the cross-reactive rinderpest Virus (RPV). The competitive ELISA involves the simultaneous addition of the mAb and antibodies present in a positive serum, leading to competition for a specific epitope on the N-B. Optimum conditions were obtained by using serum samples which had positive or negative neutralising activity against PPRV Or RPV. A negative cut-off point was determined on PPRV-negative sera from RPV-vaccinated cattle. A threshold value of 48 per cent inhibition, calculated from the mean for this population plus 2·7 standard deviations, was used in routine testing. A total of 683 sera were analysed by the competitive ELISA and the VNT. A good correlation (r = 0·94) was observed between the titres obtained in the two tests, with 80 sera that were from laboratory sources. The agreement between the two tests was determined on 271 field sera (kappa = 0825). Their relative sensitivity (94·5 per cent) and specificity (99·4 per cent) were assessed on the 148 laboratory sera plus the 271 sera used for the determination of kappa. The durations of passive immunity in 23 goats, as determined by the VNT and the competitive ELISA, were 120 and 90 days, respectively, which indicates some differences between the anti-haemagglutinin and anti-N protein kinetics. The competitive ELISA is as sensitive and specific as the VNT, with the added advantage that it uses an antigen that is safe and can be produced in large quantities.
Ashley C. Banyard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early events following experimental infection with peste-des-petits ruminants Virus suggest immune cell targeting. PLoS One 2013
2016Co-Authors: Robert A Pope, Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Joe Brownlie, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:Peste-des-petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) is a viral pathogen that causes a devastating plague of small ruminants. PPRV is an economically significant disease that continues to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world. The current understanding of PPRV pathogenesis has been heavily assumed from the closely related rinderpest Virus (RPV) and other morbilliVirus infections alongside data derived from field outbreaks. There have been few studies reported that have focused on the pathogenesis of PPRV and very little is known about the processes underlying the early stages of infection. In the present study, 15 goats were challenged by the intranasal route with a virulent PPRV isolate, Côte d’Ivoire ’89 (CI/89) and sacrificed at strategically defined time-points post infection to enable pre- and post-mortem sampling. This approach enabled precise monitoring of the progress and distribution of Virus throughout the infection from the time of challenge, through peak viraemia and into a period of convalescence. Observations were then related to findings of previous field studies and experimental models of PPRV to develop a clinical scoring system for PPRV. Importantly, histopathological investigations demonstrated that the initial site for Virus replication is not within the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, as has been previously reported, but is within the tonsillar tissue and lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation. We propose that Virus is taken up by immune cells within the respiratory mucosa which then transport Virus to lymphoid tissues where primary Virus replication occurs, and from where Virus enters circulation
-
peste des petits ruminants
Veterinary Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Satya Parida, Hubert Buczkowski, M Mahapatra, Murali Muniraju, D Muthuchelvan, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:Peste des petits ruminants Virus causes a highly infectious disease of small ruminants that is endemic across Africa, the Middle East and large regions of Asia. The Virus is considered to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world and has recently been targeted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) for eradication with the aim of global elimination of the disease by 2030. Fundamentally, the vaccines required to successfully achieve this goal are currently available, but the availability of novel vaccine preparations to also fulfill the requisite for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) may reduce the time taken and the financial costs of serological surveillance in the later stages of any eradication campaign. Here, we overview what is currently known about the Virus, with reference to its origin, updated global circulation, molecular evolution, diagnostic tools and vaccines currently available to combat the disease. Further, we comment on recent developments in our knowledge of various recombinant vaccines and on the potential for the development of novel multivalent vaccines for small ruminants.
-
early events following experimental infection with peste des petits ruminants Virus suggest immune cell targeting
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Robert A Pope, Joe Brownlie, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:Peste-des-petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) is a viral pathogen that causes a devastating plague of small ruminants. PPRV is an economically significant disease that continues to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world. The current understanding of PPRV pathogenesis has been heavily assumed from the closely related rinderpest Virus (RPV) and other morbilliVirus infections alongside data derived from field outbreaks. There have been few studies reported that have focused on the pathogenesis of PPRV and very little is known about the processes underlying the early stages of infection. In the present study, 15 goats were challenged by the intranasal route with a virulent PPRV isolate, Cote d’Ivoire ’89 (CI/89) and sacrificed at strategically defined time-points post infection to enable pre- and post-mortem sampling. This approach enabled precise monitoring of the progress and distribution of Virus throughout the infection from the time of challenge, through peak viraemia and into a period of convalescence. Observations were then related to findings of previous field studies and experimental models of PPRV to develop a clinical scoring system for PPRV. Importantly, histopathological investigations demonstrated that the initial site for Virus replication is not within the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, as has been previously reported, but is within the tonsillar tissue and lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation. We propose that Virus is taken up by immune cells within the respiratory mucosa which then transport Virus to lymphoid tissues where primary Virus replication occurs, and from where Virus enters circulation. Based on these findings we propose a novel clinical scoring methodology for PPRV pathogenesis and suggest a fundamental shift away from the conventional model of PPRV pathogenesis.
-
A novel approach to generating morbilliVirus vaccines: Negatively marking the rinderpest vaccine
Vaccine, 2012Co-Authors: Hubert Buczkowski, Satya Parida, Dalan Bailey, Thomas Barrett, Ashley C. BanyardAbstract:The eradication of rinderpest Virus (RPV) from the globe was possible through the availability of a safe and effective live attenuated vaccine and a suitable companion diagnostic test. However, the inability to serologically '. Differentiate between naturally Infected and Vaccinated Animals' (DIVA) meant that both the time taken to complete the eradication programme and the economic burden on countries involved was significantly greater than if a vaccine and companion diagnostic test that fulfilled the DIVA concept had been available. During the RPV eradication campaign serosurveillance for RPV was primarily based on a competitive ELISA using a RPV specific (C1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the viral haemagglutinin (H) protein but this test was not able to meet DIVA requirements. To provide proof of concept for the generation of novel morbilliVirus DIVA vaccines we have identified, by phage display, and mutated residues critical for C1 mAb binding and assessed the functionality of mutants in an in vitro fusion assay. Finally we have incorporated mutated epitopes into a full length clone and rescued recombinant RPV using reverse genetics techniques. Here we describe a novel mechanism of marking morbilliVirus vaccines, using RPV as a proof of concept, and discuss the applicability of this method to the development of marked vaccines for peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV). © 2012.
-
a real time rt pcr assay for the specific detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus
Journal of Virological Methods, 2011Co-Authors: Carrie Batten, Hubert Buczkowski, Ashley C. Banyard, Donald P King, Mark Henstock, L Edwards, Anna Sanders, Chris C L Oura, Thomas BarrettAbstract:Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) causes a devastating disease of small ruminants present across much of Africa and Asia. Recent surveillance activities and phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the Virus is an emerging problem as it is now being detected in areas previously free of the disease. As such, the Virus not only is threatening small ruminant production and agricultural stability in the developing world, but also poses an economic threat to livestock in the European Union (EU) through introduction from European Turkey and North Africa. This report describes the development of a high throughput, rapid, real time RT-PCR method for the sensitive and specific detection of PPRV using robotic RNA extraction. This assay targets the nucleocapsid (N) gene of PPRV and has been shown to detect all four genetic lineages of PPRV in tissues, ocular and nasal swabs and blood samples collected in the field. The lowest detection limit achieved was approximately 10 genome copies/reaction, making this assay an ideal tool for the sensitive and rapid detection of PPRV in diagnostic laboratories.
Batkhuyag Sandag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
outbreak of peste des petits ruminants among critically endangered mongolian saiga and other wild ungulates mongolia 2016 2017
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Mathieu Pruvot, Samantha Strindberg, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Amanda E Fine, Buyanaa Chimeddorj, Charlotte Hollinger, Batchuluun Damdinjav, Gantulga Bayandonoi, Bodisaikhan Khishgee, Batkhuyag SandagAbstract:The 2016-2017 introduction of peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) into livestock in Mongolia was followed by mass mortality of the critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other rare wild ungulates. To assess the nature and population effects of this outbreak among wild ungulates, we collected clinical, histopathologic, epidemiologic, and ecological evidence. Molecular characterization confirmed that the causative agent was PPRV lineage IV. The spatiotemporal patterns of cases among wildlife were similar to those among livestock affected by the PPRV outbreak, suggesting spillover of Virus from livestock at multiple locations and time points and subsequent spread among wild ungulates. Estimates of saiga abundance suggested a population decline of 80%, raising substantial concerns for the species' survival. Consideration of the entire ungulate community (wild and domestic) is essential for elucidating the epidemiology of PPRV in Mongolia, addressing the threats to wild ungulate conservation, and achieving global PPRV eradication.