The Experts below are selected from a list of 2340 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Opp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ocspp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Thomas Pfleeger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Can Artificial Soil be Used in the Vegetative Vigor Test for US Pesticide Registration
    Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2008
    Co-Authors: Conor Bidelspach, David M. Olszyk, Thomas Pfleeger
    Abstract:

    Current testing guidelines for Pesticide Registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. Low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine if the results for the vegetative vigor test differed when using either natural or artificial soils. The herbicide sulfometuron methyl was applied 14 d after emergence at 0.1 and 0.0032 of the suggested field application rate. Six plant species were tested, 4 of the common test species, Zea mays (corn), Glycine max (soybean), Avena sativa (oat), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and 2 native plants of the Willamette Valley, Oregon prairie, Bromus carinatus (California brome) and Ranunculus occidentalis (western buttercup). Herbicide application rate was the most significant factor in the experiment regardless of soil type. The different soils generally produced different results, even though the 2 native soils, one from Oregon and the other from Maryland, are both acceptable soils for the Pesticide Registration tests. The plants grown on artificial soil produced results generally between the Oregon and Maryland soil results. This study indicates that artificial soils may produce results similar to or more sensitive than soils currently used in the vegetative vigor test.

Anthony F. Maciorowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • INFORMATION NEEDS FOR Pesticide Registration IN THE UNITED STATES
    Ecological Applications, 1997
    Co-Authors: Leslie W Touart, Anthony F. Maciorowski
    Abstract:

    Historically, the tiered data-gathering process of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) relied on aquatic field studies in its highest tier to complete an ecological risk assessment. A 1992 policy decision deemphasized requirements for field testing and placed greater emphasis on more realistic exposure estimates, laboratory-derived risk criteria, and early risk mitigation. Currently, ecological risk assessments of Pesticides as performed by the OPP require two fundamental components: (1) an effects dose–response profile for selected species, and (2) an exposure profile for representative species relevant to the endpoints being considered. Additional information, though useful, is not generally considered essential for effective risk management decisions. It is the existing policy of the OPP to make expeditious decisions to attempt to mitigate the risk concerns identified with laboratory-derived data rather than postpone action until these risks are further characterized by field data. Experimental field studies and bio-monitoring studies can still be used in both prospective and ongoing assessments of Pesticide risks. Such studies provide useful information for risk assessment and subsequent risk-management decisions. Since the original presentation in August 1994, the OPP brought its risk assessment methodology to the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel. In May 1996, this panel advised the OPP to reconsider its 1992 policy regarding field studies. The OPP is in the process of re-evaluating this policy.

Conor Bidelspach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Can Artificial Soil be Used in the Vegetative Vigor Test for US Pesticide Registration
    Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2008
    Co-Authors: Conor Bidelspach, David M. Olszyk, Thomas Pfleeger
    Abstract:

    Current testing guidelines for Pesticide Registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. Low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine if the results for the vegetative vigor test differed when using either natural or artificial soils. The herbicide sulfometuron methyl was applied 14 d after emergence at 0.1 and 0.0032 of the suggested field application rate. Six plant species were tested, 4 of the common test species, Zea mays (corn), Glycine max (soybean), Avena sativa (oat), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and 2 native plants of the Willamette Valley, Oregon prairie, Bromus carinatus (California brome) and Ranunculus occidentalis (western buttercup). Herbicide application rate was the most significant factor in the experiment regardless of soil type. The different soils generally produced different results, even though the 2 native soils, one from Oregon and the other from Maryland, are both acceptable soils for the Pesticide Registration tests. The plants grown on artificial soil produced results generally between the Oregon and Maryland soil results. This study indicates that artificial soils may produce results similar to or more sensitive than soils currently used in the vegetative vigor test.