The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alec Groysman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrosion of Metallic Constructions and Equipment in Petroleum Products
Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 2014Co-Authors: Alec GroysmanAbstract:General theory of corrosion, corrosion mechanisms and phenomena that take place with metals contacting Petroleum Products are described: differential aeration cell, uniform and different types of localized corrosion (pitting, crevice, and galvanic corrosion). Corrosion mechanism with participation of water and dissolved oxygen in Petroleum Products is suggested. The corrosion process proceeds at the interface between the two phases, metal/fuel – water (similar to the interface metal/air-water). Electrical conductivity of Petroleum Products, its physico-chemical character, experimental data and relationship to corrosiveness is described and explained.
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History of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 2014Co-Authors: Alec GroysmanAbstract:Petroleum is an old name of crude oil as consists of two Latin words: petra (rock or stone) + oleum (oil). Etymology of Petroleum Products and their use in mankind history is described. Interesting facts in use of naphtha, gasoline, history of anti-knock additives to gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil and asphalt also are described. Even it is noted how the expression “it smells like kerosene” appeared. It is shown that all history of mankind is related to Petroleum Products.
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Physico-Chemical Properties and Corrosiveness of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products
Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 2014Co-Authors: Alec GroysmanAbstract:Crude oil characteristics, chemical compounds containing in crudes and their corrosiveness are described. Physico-chemical characteristics of Petroleum Products, such as liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, gasoline, kerosene (jet fuel), gas oil (diesel fuel), and fuel oil obtained from crude oil also are analysed. Differentiation between the terms fuel and Petroleum product is given. It is shown which components in crudes and Petroleum Products are corrosive. Corrosiveness of Petroleum Products is explained by the presence of water and dissolved oxygen. Water can be present as dissolved, emulsion water-in-fuel and free water in Petroleum Products. Solubility of water depends on temperature, relative humidity of air with which fuels contact, and fuel composition. Water solubility in fuels is greatly influenced by the presence and concentration of aromatic and olefin compounds. The free water is most dangerous in the occurring corrosion. Experimental data of solubility of oxygen in liquid Petroleum Products, fuels, alcohols, biofuels, their components, and, for comparison, in water are given. The methods of removing dissolved oxygen from fuels are described. Formation of aggressive compounds to metals and polymers as a result of oxidation of hydrocarbons containing in fuels also is described. Definition of corrosiveness of Petroleum Products is given.
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Corrosion of Metallic Constructions and Equipment in Petroleum Products
Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 2014Co-Authors: Alec GroysmanAbstract:General theory of corrosion, corrosion mechanisms and phenomena that take place with metals contacting Petroleum Products are described: differential aeration cell, uniform and different types of localized corrosion (pitting, crevice, and galvanic corrosion). Corrosion mechanism with participation of water and dissolved oxygen in Petroleum Products is suggested. The corrosion process proceeds at the interface between the two phases, metal/fuel – water (similar to the interface metal/air-water). Electrical conductivity of Petroleum Products, its physico-chemical character, experimental data and relationship to corrosiveness is described and explained.Microbial contamination of fuels and biodiesel, its consequences and prevention are described and analysed. Participation of microorganisms in corrosion of metals in fuels, mechanism, examples and preventive measures are given. Corrosion in biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel), mechanism, stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in methanol and ethanol, preventive measures, material compatibility with alcohols and biodiesel are described in detail. As many tanks and pipelines are used in the atmosphere and soil, corrosion, its causes, prevention and control in these two environments also are described. Special attention is given to corrosion of aboveground storage tanks (AST), its types, and corrosion zones. Experimental study of corrosion of inner surfaces of 35 AST (10 gasoline, 4 kerosene, 6 gas oil, 14 fuel oil, and one crude oil) is described. Corrosion rates of carbon steel shells, roofs and bottoms of AST after 55-70 years of service are documented and analysed. Corrosion of tanks and pipelines under thermal insulation and preventive measures are described.
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Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels
2014Co-Authors: Alec GroysmanAbstract:This book treats corrosion as it occurs and affects processes in real-world situations, and thus points the way to practical solutions. Topics described include the conditions in which Petroleum Products are corrosive to metals; corrosion mechanisms of Petroleum Products; which parts of storage tanks containing crude oils and Petroleum Products undergo corrosion; dependence of corrosion in tanks on type of Petroleum Products; aggressiveness of Petroleum Products to polymeric material; how microorganisms take part in corrosion of tanks and pipes containing Petroleum Products; which corrosion monitoring methods are used in systems for storage and transportation of Petroleum Products; what corrosion control measures should be chosen; how to choose coatings for inner and outer surfaces of tanks containing Petroleum Products; and how different additives (oxygenates, aromatic solvents) to Petroleum Products and biofuels influence metallic and polymeric materials. The book is of interest to corrosion engineers, materials engineers, oil and gas engineers, Petroleum engineers, chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, failure analysts, scientists, and students, designers of tanks, pipelines and other systems for storage and transportation fuels, technicians
Walter Mahler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taxation of Petroleum Products theory and empirical evidence
Energy Economics, 1995Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Walter MahlerAbstract:The domestic taxation of Petroleum Products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on Petroleum Products across countries, which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. This paper surveys different considerations advanced for taxing Petroleum and presents Petroleum tax rate data in 120 countries. It concludes that a significant reduction in the present extremely wide variation in Petroleum prices and tax rates appears warranted.
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Taxation of Petroleum Products: Theory and empirical evidence
Energy Economics, 1995Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Walter MahlerAbstract:The domestic taxation of Petroleum Products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on Petroleum Products across countries, which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. This paper surveys different considerations advanced for taxing Petroleum and presents Petroleum tax rate data in 120 countries.
Sanjeev Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taxation of Petroleum Products theory and empirical evidence
Energy Economics, 1995Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Walter MahlerAbstract:The domestic taxation of Petroleum Products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on Petroleum Products across countries, which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. This paper surveys different considerations advanced for taxing Petroleum and presents Petroleum tax rate data in 120 countries. It concludes that a significant reduction in the present extremely wide variation in Petroleum prices and tax rates appears warranted.
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Taxation of Petroleum Products: Theory and empirical evidence
Energy Economics, 1995Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Walter MahlerAbstract:The domestic taxation of Petroleum Products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on Petroleum Products across countries, which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. This paper surveys different considerations advanced for taxing Petroleum and presents Petroleum tax rate data in 120 countries.
Nelson Abila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Econometric estimation of the Petroleum Products consumption in Nigeria: assessing the premise for biofuels adoption.
Renewable Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Nelson AbilaAbstract:Abstract The promotion and adoption of biofuels in Nigeria must be predicated on sufficient capacity for absorbing biofuels produced from the increasing investments in biofuels plantations, plants and processing facilities. This paper assesses the socioeconomic and related premises for biofuels development in Nigeria by conducting an econometric estimation of the Petroleum Products consumption. The paper first estimates aggregated Petroleum product consumption, and then assess the response to specific Petroleum Products in terms of consumption, market (population), electricity generation, installed electricity generation capacity, and GDP. The result shows that all the Petroleum Products contribute significantly and about equally to aggregate Petroleum consumption. The high proportion of petrol (about 44 percent) as a percentage of the aggregate Petroleum product consumption validates the push for implementing the E10 petrol-ethanol blending for Nigeria. The consumption of diesel is also significant. Diesel is another Petroleum product for which D20 biofuel blending policy has been proposed. The increase in population and GDP, coupled with the poor electricity situation, will keep driving the consumption of Petroleum Products. As the population increases, and the country continues to struggle to match electricity generation with population growth, the petrol-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blending policy must be pursued tenaciously to ensure a reduction in carbon emission in Nigeria.
N.k. Nadirov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metal removal from Petroleums and Petroleum Products
Petroleum Chemistry U.s.s.r., 2004Co-Authors: N.k. NadirovAbstract:For Petroleum and natural bitumen prospecting as well as the reappraisal of well-known deposits, reserves of metal components should be considered and appraised in the same way as industrial raw material. The physico-chemical and structural features of metals in Petroleums and Petroleum Products should be studied and sensitive, highly accurate analytical methods developed for their determination. Efficient technical processes for separating metals from Petroleums and Petroleum Products should be developed and applied. 27 references.