The Experts below are selected from a list of 765 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Caitlin D Lemke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development of the neonatal b and t cell repertoire in swine implications for comparative and veterinary immunology
Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: J E Butler, Marek Sinkora, Nancy Wertz, Wolfgang Holtmeier, Caitlin D LemkeAbstract:Birth in all higher vertebrates is at the center of the critical window of development in which newborns transition from dependence on innate immunity to dependence on their own adaptive immunity, with passive maternal immunity bridging this transition. Therefore we have studied immunological development through fetal and early neonatal life. In swine, B cells appear earlier in fetal development than T cells. B cell development begins in the yolk sac at the 20th day of gestation (DG20), progresses to fetal liver at DG30 and after DG45 continues in bone marrow. The first wave of developing T cells is $\gamma$$\delta$ cells expressing a monomorphic V$\delta$ rearrangement. Thereafter, $\alpha$$\beta$ T cells predominate and at birth, at least 19 TRBV subgroups are expressed, 17 of which appear highly homologous with those in humans. In contrast to the T cell repertoire and unlike humans and mice, the porcine pre-immune VH (IGHV-D-J) repertoire is highly restricted, depending primarily on CDR3 for diversity. The V-KAPPA (IGKV-J) repertoire and apparently also the V-LAMBDA (IGLV-J) repertoire, are also restricted. Diversification of the pre-immune B cell repertoire of swine and the ability to respond to both T-dependent and T-independent antigen depends on colonization of the gut after birth in which colonizing bacteria stimulate with Toll-like receptor ligands, especially bacterial DNA. This may explain the link between repertoire diversification and the anatomical location of primary lymphoid tissue like the ileal Peyers Patches. Improper development of adaptive immunity can be caused by infectious agents like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that causes immune dysregulation resulting in immunological injury and autoimmunity.
Scott W. Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nicotinic Receptor Alpha7 Expression Identifies a Novel Hematopoietic Progenitor Lineage
2016Co-Authors: Lorise C. Gahring, Elena Y. Enioutina, Elizabeth J. Myers, Gerald J. Spangrude, Olga V. Efimova, Todd W. Kelley, Petr Tvrdik, Mario R. Capecchi, Scott W. RogersAbstract:How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of alpha7 (a7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express a7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used mice generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombinase bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous a7 gene that when crossed with a reporter mouse expressing Rosa26-LoxP (yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) marks in the offspring those cells of the a7 cell lineage (a7lin+). In the adult, on average 20–25 percent of the total CD45+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of the bone marrow (BM), blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyers Patches are a7lin+, although variability between litter mates in this value is observed. This hematopoietic a7lin+ subpopulation is also found in Sca1+cKit+ BM cells suggesting the a7 lineage is established early during hematopoiesis and the ratio remains stable in the individual thereafter as measured for at least 18 months. Both a7lin+ and a7lin – BM cells can reconstitute the immune system of naı̈ve irradiated recipient mice and th
-
Nicotinic Receptor Alpha7 Expression Identifies a Novel Hematopoietic Progenitor Lineage
2013Co-Authors: Lorise C. Gahring, Elena Y. Enioutina, Elizabeth J. Myers, Gerald J. Spangrude, Olga V. Efimova, Todd W. Kelley, Petr Tvrdik, Mario R. Capecchi, Scott W. RogersAbstract:How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of alpha7 (α7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express α7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used mice generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombinase bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous α7 gene that when crossed with a reporter mouse expressing Rosa26-LoxP (yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) marks in the offspring those cells of the α7 cell lineage (α7lin+). In the adult, on average 20–25 percent of the total CD45+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of the bone marrow (BM), blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyers Patches are α7lin+, although variability between litter mates in this value is observed. This hematopoietic α7lin+ subpopulation is also found in Sca1+cKit+ BM cells suggesting the α7 lineage is established early during hematopoiesis and the ratio remains stable in the individual thereafter as measured for at least 18 months. Both α7lin+ and α7lin– BM cells can reconstitute the immune system of naïve irradiated recipient mice and the α7lin+:α7lin– beginning ratio is stable in the recipient after reconstitution. Functionally the α7lin+:α7lin– lineages differ in response to LPS challenge. Most notable is the response to LPS as demonstrated by an enhanced production of IL-12/23(p40) by the α7lin+ cells. These studies demonstrate that α7lin+ identifies a novel subpopulation of bone marrow cells that include hematopoietic progenitor cells that can re-populate an animal’s inflammatory/immune system. These findings suggest that α7 exhibits a pleiotropic role in the hematopoietic system that includes both the direct modulation of pro-inflammatory cell composition and later in the adult the role of modulating pro-inflammatory responses that would impact upon an individual’s lifelong response to inflammation and infection.
J K Collins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
double blind placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance
Gut, 2003Co-Authors: Jane Mccarthy, Liam Omahony, L Ocallaghan, B Sheil, Elaine E Vaughan, N A Fitzsimons, J Fitzgibbon, Gerald C Osullivan, Barry Kiely, J K CollinsAbstract:Background: Prophylactic efficacy against colitis following lactobacillus consumption in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) mice has been reported. Whether this applies equally to other probiotic strains is unknown, and the mechanism is unclear. Aims: (1) To compare the effect of feeding Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 against placebo on enterocolitis, the intestinal microflora, and (2) to compare the systemic immunological response to in vitro microbial challenge in probiotic fed and control IL-10 KO mice. Methods: Three groups of 10 IL-10 KO mice were fed fermented milk products containing Lb salivarius 433118 at 10 9 CFU/ml, B infantis 35624 at 10 8 CFU/ml, and unmodified milk, respectively, for 19 weeks. Faecal samples were taken at regular intervals to confirm gut transit, recovery of fed probiotics, and to assess the impact on the microflora. At sacrifice, the bowels were histologically scored. Cytokine production from Peyers’ Patches and splenocytes was measured in vitro by ELISA. Results: Faecal recovery of probiotics was confirmed in all probiotic fed mice but not in controls. Colonic and caecal inflammatory scores were significantly decreased in both groups of probiotic fed mice (p Conclusion: Both Lactobacillus salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly attenuate colitis in this murine model. Attenuation of colitis is associated with a reduced ability to produce Th1-type cytokines systemically and mucosally, while levels of TGF-β are maintained.
J E Butler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development of the neonatal b and t cell repertoire in swine implications for comparative and veterinary immunology
Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: J E Butler, Marek Sinkora, Nancy Wertz, Wolfgang Holtmeier, Caitlin D LemkeAbstract:Birth in all higher vertebrates is at the center of the critical window of development in which newborns transition from dependence on innate immunity to dependence on their own adaptive immunity, with passive maternal immunity bridging this transition. Therefore we have studied immunological development through fetal and early neonatal life. In swine, B cells appear earlier in fetal development than T cells. B cell development begins in the yolk sac at the 20th day of gestation (DG20), progresses to fetal liver at DG30 and after DG45 continues in bone marrow. The first wave of developing T cells is $\gamma$$\delta$ cells expressing a monomorphic V$\delta$ rearrangement. Thereafter, $\alpha$$\beta$ T cells predominate and at birth, at least 19 TRBV subgroups are expressed, 17 of which appear highly homologous with those in humans. In contrast to the T cell repertoire and unlike humans and mice, the porcine pre-immune VH (IGHV-D-J) repertoire is highly restricted, depending primarily on CDR3 for diversity. The V-KAPPA (IGKV-J) repertoire and apparently also the V-LAMBDA (IGLV-J) repertoire, are also restricted. Diversification of the pre-immune B cell repertoire of swine and the ability to respond to both T-dependent and T-independent antigen depends on colonization of the gut after birth in which colonizing bacteria stimulate with Toll-like receptor ligands, especially bacterial DNA. This may explain the link between repertoire diversification and the anatomical location of primary lymphoid tissue like the ileal Peyers Patches. Improper development of adaptive immunity can be caused by infectious agents like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that causes immune dysregulation resulting in immunological injury and autoimmunity.
Lorise C. Gahring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nicotinic Receptor Alpha7 Expression Identifies a Novel Hematopoietic Progenitor Lineage
2016Co-Authors: Lorise C. Gahring, Elena Y. Enioutina, Elizabeth J. Myers, Gerald J. Spangrude, Olga V. Efimova, Todd W. Kelley, Petr Tvrdik, Mario R. Capecchi, Scott W. RogersAbstract:How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of alpha7 (a7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express a7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used mice generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombinase bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous a7 gene that when crossed with a reporter mouse expressing Rosa26-LoxP (yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) marks in the offspring those cells of the a7 cell lineage (a7lin+). In the adult, on average 20–25 percent of the total CD45+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of the bone marrow (BM), blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyers Patches are a7lin+, although variability between litter mates in this value is observed. This hematopoietic a7lin+ subpopulation is also found in Sca1+cKit+ BM cells suggesting the a7 lineage is established early during hematopoiesis and the ratio remains stable in the individual thereafter as measured for at least 18 months. Both a7lin+ and a7lin – BM cells can reconstitute the immune system of naı̈ve irradiated recipient mice and th
-
Nicotinic Receptor Alpha7 Expression Identifies a Novel Hematopoietic Progenitor Lineage
2013Co-Authors: Lorise C. Gahring, Elena Y. Enioutina, Elizabeth J. Myers, Gerald J. Spangrude, Olga V. Efimova, Todd W. Kelley, Petr Tvrdik, Mario R. Capecchi, Scott W. RogersAbstract:How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of alpha7 (α7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express α7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used mice generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombinase bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous α7 gene that when crossed with a reporter mouse expressing Rosa26-LoxP (yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) marks in the offspring those cells of the α7 cell lineage (α7lin+). In the adult, on average 20–25 percent of the total CD45+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of the bone marrow (BM), blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyers Patches are α7lin+, although variability between litter mates in this value is observed. This hematopoietic α7lin+ subpopulation is also found in Sca1+cKit+ BM cells suggesting the α7 lineage is established early during hematopoiesis and the ratio remains stable in the individual thereafter as measured for at least 18 months. Both α7lin+ and α7lin– BM cells can reconstitute the immune system of naïve irradiated recipient mice and the α7lin+:α7lin– beginning ratio is stable in the recipient after reconstitution. Functionally the α7lin+:α7lin– lineages differ in response to LPS challenge. Most notable is the response to LPS as demonstrated by an enhanced production of IL-12/23(p40) by the α7lin+ cells. These studies demonstrate that α7lin+ identifies a novel subpopulation of bone marrow cells that include hematopoietic progenitor cells that can re-populate an animal’s inflammatory/immune system. These findings suggest that α7 exhibits a pleiotropic role in the hematopoietic system that includes both the direct modulation of pro-inflammatory cell composition and later in the adult the role of modulating pro-inflammatory responses that would impact upon an individual’s lifelong response to inflammation and infection.