The Experts below are selected from a list of 459 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Krause, Bernard L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Timber Lake - June 9, 2006 - 2:29PM
    Western Soundscape Archive University of Utah, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krause, Bernard L.
    Abstract:

    Compressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery format.ambient recordingField notes: 1k tone @ beginning = 64dBA at mic input (for calibration) Late spring. Weather conditions extreme during any hour (cold, windy, snow, rain, warm). Former hunting camp where wildlife generally shy of humans. No predators or large megafauna seen over 10 day period on site. Location: Western shoreline of island. Tree sparrow 9:30. Terns from 20:00. Phalaropes around 35:00. Tern dive into lake at 39:59. Merganser fly-over at 25:41. Beaver (plane) flyby begins at 38:36 - 56:44 (approx) when another approaches circling to land at campsite… Season: Spring; Climate: Dry (cyclical); Weather: Light wind (to 10MPH); Temp.: 71.8F; Altitude: 2772 feet; Biome: Arctic; Terrestrial habitat: Boreal-tiaga-tundra; Species heard: Mew Gull; Arctic Tern; Red-necked Phalarope; Tree Sparrow; Lesser Yellowlegs; Local time: 2:29P

  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Timber Lake - June 8, 2006 - 3:18PM
    Western Soundscape Archive University of Utah, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krause, Bernard L.
    Abstract:

    Compressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatambient recordingField notes: 1k tone @ beginning = 64dBA at mic input (for calibration) Late spring. Weather conditions extreme during any hour (cold, windy, snow, rain, warm). Former hunting camp where wildlife generally shy of humans. No predators or large megafauna seen over 10 day period on site. Continuation of T15. Island in middle of Timber Lake. The mic system set up in lee of island sheltered from high winds coming down valley. Hence the lake wave action in bkg. Phalarope fly-bys at 2:26, 3:24, 4:20, 8:15, 11:48, 18:23. Mew gull 16:40. Tern 19:55. Tern 21:00, 23:00, 31:03 (2x). Merganser landing 25:45… Season: Spring; Climate: Dry (cyclical); Weather: Light wind (to 10MPH); Temp.: 53.2F; Altitude: 2783 feet; Biome: Arctic; Terrestrial habitat: Boreal-tiaga-tundra; Aquatic habitat: Lake; Species heard: Mew Gull; Arctic Tern; Red-necked Phalarope; Local 3:18P

  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Timber Lake - June 8, 2006 - 4:42PM
    Western Soundscape Archive University of Utah, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krause, Bernard L.
    Abstract:

    Compressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatambient recordingField notes: 1k tone @ beginning = 64dBA at mic input (for calibration) Late spring. Weather conditions extreme during any hour (cold, windy, snow, rain, warm). Former hunting camp where wildlife generally shy of humans. No predators or large megafauna seen over 10 day period on site. Still on island in middle of lake. Very windy but attempting to get calls. Mew gulls and terns in distance but not prominent… Season: Spring; Climate: Dry (cyclical); Weather: Heavy wind (10+ MPH); Temp.: 55F; Altitude: 2783 feet; Biome: Arctic; Terrestrial habitat: Boreal-tiaga-tundra; Aquatic habitat: Lake; Species heard: Mew Gull; Arctic Tern; Red-necked Phalarope; Savannah Sparrow; Local time: 4:42P

  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Timber Lake - June 8, 2006 - 4:21PM
    Western Soundscape Archive University of Utah, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krause, Bernard L.
    Abstract:

    Compressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatambient recordingField notes: 1k tone @ beginning = 64dBA at mic input (for calibration) Late spring. Weather conditions extreme during any hour (cold, windy, snow, rain, warm). Former hunting camp where wildlife generally shy of humans. No predators or large megafauna seen over 10 day period on site. Continuation of T16. Island in middle of Timber Lake.The mic system set up in lee of island sheltered from high winds coming down valley. Hence the lake wave action in bkg. Mew gull :32 and throughout sometimes chasing terns. Savannah sparrow at 3:30… Season: Spring; Climate: Dry (cyclical); Weather: Light wind (to 10MPH); Temp.: 53.2F; Altitude: 2783 feet; Biome: Arctic; Terrestrial habitat: Boreal-tiaga-tundra; Aquatic habitat: Lake; Species heard: Mew Gull; Arctic Tern; Red-necked Phalarope; Savannah Sparrow; Local time: 4:21P

Hans Schekkerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Þórisson Böðvar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2019
    Co-Authors: Van Bemmelen, Rob S. A., Kolbeinsson Yann, Ramos Raul, Gilg Olivier, Smith Malcolm, Schekkerman Hans, Lehikoinen Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Alves, José A., Þórisson Böðvar
    Abstract:

    Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but only few studies compare movement strategies between populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In thisour study, individual movement strategies of Rred-necked pPhalaropes Phalaropus lobatus, a long-distance migratory wader using saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed the existence of two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km – largely over land – to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationaryresided in roughly a singlethe same area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea showed individually consistent movementsd extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species.Peer reviewe

  • A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies
    2019
    Co-Authors: Van Bemmelen, Rob S.a., Kolbeinsson Yann, Ramos Raul, Gilg Olivier, Alves José, Smith Malcolm, Schekkerman Hans, Lehikoinen Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Þórisson Böðvar
    Abstract:

    Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but few studies compare movement strategies among populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In our study, individual movement strategies of red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus), a long-distance migratory wader which uses saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed a migratory divide between two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km—largely over land—to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationary in roughly a single area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea moved extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species. flexibility, itinerancy, migration strategy, Phalaropus lobatus, plasticity, red-necked phalarop

  • A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies
    2019
    Co-Authors: Bemmelen, Van, Rob S.a., Kolbeinsson Yann, Ramos Raul, Gilg Olivier, Smith Malcolm, Schekkerman Hans, Lehikoinen Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Alves, José A., Þórisson Böðvar
    Abstract:

    Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but few studies compare movement strategies among populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In our study, individual movement strategies of red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus), a long-distance migratory wader which uses saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed a migratory divide between two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migratingca. 6,000 km—largely over land—to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, van Bemmelen et al. Contrasting Movement Strategies in Phalaropes birds wintering in the Pacific were stationary in roughly a single area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea moved extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species.

  • A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2019
    Co-Authors: Van Bemmelen, Rob S. A., Kolbeinsson Yann, Ramos Raul, Gilg Olivier, Alves José, Smith Malcolm, Schekkerman Hans, Lehikoinen Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Þórisson Böðvar
    Abstract:

    Publisher's version (útgefin grein)Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but few studies compare movement strategies among populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In our study, individual movement strategies of red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus), a long-distance migratory wader which uses saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed a migratory divide between two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km-largely over land-to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationary in roughly a single area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea moved extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species.RvB was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (project number 866.13.005) and supported by the LUVRE project. We also thank the European Union (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 618841) for funding our research. BM and SH were supported by Fram Center and RR was supported by a postdoctoral contract of the Juan de la Cierva program, from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (JCI-2012-11848, CGL2013-42585-P, CGL2016-78530-R). Work at Constable Pynt by OG and LB (part of program 1,036 Interactions) were supported by the French Polar Institute, IPEV. Work at Fetlar was funded by the RSPB and the Shetland Ringing Group. AL received financial support from the Academy of Finland (grant 275606). AS was supported through the grant of RFBR #18-05-60261 Arctic, JAA from FCT (SFRH/BPD/91527/2012) and BÞ from RANNIS (152470-052) and University of Iceland equipment fund. KV received support from Kone foundation.Peer Reviewe

  • A migratory divide among red-necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic reveals contrasting migration and wintering movement strategies
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2019
    Co-Authors: Bemmelen, Rob S. A. Van, Kolbeinsson Yann, Gilg Olivier, Smith Malcolm, Schekkerman Hans, Lehikoinen Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Alves, José A., Ramos Garcia I Raül, Þórisson Böðvar
    Abstract:

    Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but few studies compare movement strategies among populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In our study, individual movement strategies of red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus), a long-distance migratory wader which uses saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed a migratory divide between two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km¿largely over land¿to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationary in roughly a single area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea moved extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species

Paul A Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Deceptive nest defence in ground-nesting birds and the risk of intermediate strategies
    2018
    Co-Authors: Paul A Smith, Darryl B. Edwards
    Abstract:

    Nest predation is an important determinant of reproductive success and ground-nesting birds exhibit a variety of nest defence strategies to mitigate the risk. Many small-bodied, ground nesting birds rely on deceptive behaviours such as injury-feigning to reduce nest predation: we call this behaviour active deception. However, active deception may entail risks to adults, and passive deceptive behaviour, where individuals effectively sneak away from the nest by flushing at long distances, may be an alternative means of avoiding nest predation. We provide a simple model to demonstrate that these tails of the flush distance distribution could minimize predation risk; an intermediate strategy of moderate flush distances means that birds flush more often than with short-distance flushes, and once flushed, the nest is more easily located than for long-distance flushes. We tested this model using two species of ground nesting shorebirds, the White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) and the Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). We demonstrate that short-distance flushes are associated with active deception and intermediate-distance flushes are associated with an increased risk of nest predation. However, we found no evidence that this potential selective pressure against intermediate strategies has produced a bimodal distribution of nest defence traits. The heritability of defence behaviours, or the ability of individuals to learn, is unknown and other factors such as energetic constraints or risks to adults might also influence flush distances and defence behaviours.

  • shorebird incubation behaviour and its influence on the risk of nest predation
    Animal Behaviour, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul A Smith, Grant H Gilchrist, Ingrid Tulp, Hans Schekkerman, Mark R Forbes
    Abstract:

    Both nest survival and incubation behaviour are highly variable among shorebirds (Charadrii), and we tested whether more conspicuous incubation behaviour increased the risk of nest predation. During 2000–2006, we monitored nest fate at 901 shorebird nests at three study sites across the circumpolar Arctic. Using miniature video recorders and nest temperature sensors, we obtained 782 days of behavioural data for 161 nests of 11 species. We related nest fate to the rate and duration of adults' nest absences or restless movements on the nest, as well as the total proportion of each day that adult birds engaged in these activities. Nest predation was positively related to the proportion of time that each species left the nest unattended. After controlling for species effects, the likelihood of a successful nesting attempt was lower for individuals that spent more time off the nest, but among failed nests, the number of days that a nest survived prior to depredation was not significantly predicted by measures of incubation behaviour. To control for weather or seasonal effects, we paired observations from nests that were ultimately depredated with observations from successful nests of the same species on the same day. In this paired sample (dominated by two species: red Phalaropes, Phalaropus fulicarius, and little stints, Calidris minuta), both incubation recesses and restless movements were more numerous among failed versus successful nests. Our results suggest that more conspicuous incubation behaviour is indeed related to a higher risk of nest predation, and that this relationship may underlie patterns of nest survival within and among shorebird species.

  • effects of nest habitat food and parental behavior on shorebird nest success
    The Condor, 2007
    Co-Authors: Paul A Smith, Grant H Gilchrist, James N M Smith
    Abstract:

    Abstract ABSTRACT In environments such as arctic tundra, where bird densities are low and habitats are comparatively homogeneous, suitable nest sites likely are not limited. Under these conditions, reproductive success of birds may be determined by factors other than the habitat characteristics of nest sites. We studied the relative influence of nest habitat, food, nest distribution, and parental behavior on the reproductive success of tundra-breeding shorebirds at East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada. From 2000 to 2002, we monitored the nests of five species: Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), and Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). For each species, habitat differed between nest sites and random sites. In contrast, habitat differed between successful and failed nest sites only for White-rumped Sandpipers. Shorebirds did not prefer to nest in habitats w...

Mark R Forbes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • shorebird incubation behaviour and its influence on the risk of nest predation
    Animal Behaviour, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul A Smith, Grant H Gilchrist, Ingrid Tulp, Hans Schekkerman, Mark R Forbes
    Abstract:

    Both nest survival and incubation behaviour are highly variable among shorebirds (Charadrii), and we tested whether more conspicuous incubation behaviour increased the risk of nest predation. During 2000–2006, we monitored nest fate at 901 shorebird nests at three study sites across the circumpolar Arctic. Using miniature video recorders and nest temperature sensors, we obtained 782 days of behavioural data for 161 nests of 11 species. We related nest fate to the rate and duration of adults' nest absences or restless movements on the nest, as well as the total proportion of each day that adult birds engaged in these activities. Nest predation was positively related to the proportion of time that each species left the nest unattended. After controlling for species effects, the likelihood of a successful nesting attempt was lower for individuals that spent more time off the nest, but among failed nests, the number of days that a nest survived prior to depredation was not significantly predicted by measures of incubation behaviour. To control for weather or seasonal effects, we paired observations from nests that were ultimately depredated with observations from successful nests of the same species on the same day. In this paired sample (dominated by two species: red Phalaropes, Phalaropus fulicarius, and little stints, Calidris minuta), both incubation recesses and restless movements were more numerous among failed versus successful nests. Our results suggest that more conspicuous incubation behaviour is indeed related to a higher risk of nest predation, and that this relationship may underlie patterns of nest survival within and among shorebird species.