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Jennifer A. Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of landscape features on nest predation rates of grassland-breeding Waders
Ibis, 2015Co-Authors: Rebecca A. Laidlaw, Jennifer Smart, Mark A. Smart, Jennifer A. GillAbstract:In Europe, lowland wet grasslands have become increasingly fragmented, and populations of Waders in these fragments are subject to unsustainably high levels of nest predation. Patches of taller vegetation in these landscapes can support small mammals, which are the main source of prey for many predators. Providing such patches of habitat could potentially reduce levels of nest predation if predators preferentially target small mammals. However, predator attraction to patches of taller vegetation for foraging, shelter, perching and/or nesting could also result in local increases in predation rates, as a consequence of increased predator densities or spill-over foraging into the surrounding area. Here we assess the influence of taller vegetation on Wader nest predation rates, and the feasibility of managing vegetation structure to alter predator impacts. Between 2005 and 2011, the nest distribution and hatching success of Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus, which nest in the open, and Common Redshanks Tringa totanus, which conceal their nests in vegetation, were measured on a 487-ha area of wet grassland in eastern England that is primarily managed for breeding Waders. Predation rates of Lapwing nests increased significantly with distance from patches of taller vegetation, and decreased with increasing area of taller vegetation within 1 km of the nest, whereas neither variable influenced Redshank nest predation probability. These findings suggest that the distribution and activity of nest predators in lowland wet grassland landscapes may be influenced by the presence and distribution of areas of taller vegetation. For Lapwings at least, there may therefore be scope for landscape-scale management of vegetation structure to influence levels of predation in these habitats.
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managing water levels on wet grasslands to improve foraging conditions for breeding northern lapwing vanellus vanellus
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah M Eglington, Mark Bolton, Mark A. Smart, William J Sutherland, A R Watkinson, Jennifer A. GillAbstract:Summary 1. The widespread drainage of wetlands and grazing marshes has been one of the main drivers of severe reductions in the number and range of breeding Waders across Europe. Wader chicks require wet, invertebrate-rich foraging habitats and most agricultural land is now too dry to support sustainable breeding populations. Recent efforts to re-create wet grasslands and improve Wader breeding success have focussed on reinstating wet features, in order to provide foraging habitats for chicks. The success of wet feature installation will therefore depend on whether they provide sufficient invertebrate prey for chicks throughout the pre-fledging period. 2. Techniques for re-creating lowland wet grasslands from arable and pastoral farmland are becoming increasingly well-established, and support from agri-environment initiatives is now available for wet feature installation on grasslands. Here we explore the effect of wet feature provision on invertebrate abundance and the growth rates and body condition of northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus chicks, on grazing marshes in eastern England. 3. Wet features supported more than double the biomass of surface-active invertebrates and a greater abundance of aerial invertebrates than the vegetated grazing marsh. Chick foraging rates were also two to three times higher in wet features than in the grazing marsh, as was the estimated biomass intake per food item. 4. At the start of the breeding season, chick condition was unrelated to wet feature provision but late in the season, when water levels were low, chick body condition was significantly higher in fields with footdrain densities of more than 150 m ha )1 . Chick condition declined with increasing rainfall, and low growth rates and longer pre-fledging periods in 2007 are likely to have resulted from unusually intense and prolonged summer rainfall. 5. Synthesis and applications. The installation of wet features on grasslands provides valuable foraging locations for chicks, particularly later in the season when these features are likely to be the main source of water available. Predicted changes to the seasonality of precipitation at temperate latitudes means that provision of wet features is likely to be increasingly important for maintaining breeding Wader populations.
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grassland breeding Waders identifying key habitat requirements for management
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Jennifer Smart, Jennifer A. Gill, William J Sutherland, A R WatkinsonAbstract:Habitat loss and degradation of wetland ecosystems, principally through large-scale drainage and conversion to arable farmland, have been implicated in the widespread, dramatic declines of breeding Waders across Europe. Managing the remaining wetlands to reverse these declines will require a detailed understanding of their habitat requirements. In the UK, grazing marshes are key components of the remaining wetlands in both coastal and inland sites, and the structure of grazing marsh habitat can differ between these locations. Redshank Tringa totanus is a declining Wader species that breeds in both marsh types. We quantified the habitat features that influence redshank selection of breeding and nest site locations, across coastal and inland marshes, in eastern England. On both marsh types, breeding location and breeding densities within fields were positively related to the lengths of pool edge and all wet features, respectively. Nest site location was principally influenced by vegetation characteristics, with soil penetrability also important on inland sites but proximity to wet features and vegetation type at the nest important on coastal sites. Hatching probability was higher when the surrounding soils were more penetrable. Synthesis and applications. The wet features of critical importance for breeding redshank are common on coastal marshes and can be deliberately established on inland sites. Coastal marshes are often rare and frequently threatened by dynamic coastal processes, whereas inland marshes are more abundant but largely unsuitable for breeding Waders at present. These analyses highlight the scope for improving the management of inland marshes for breeding redshank. As habitat suitable for breeding redshank frequently supports a range of other Wader species, this information can also direct management efforts to improve breeding Wader populations in the wider countryside.
Manton Michael - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Macroecology of North European Wet Grassland Landscapes: Habitat Quality, Waders, Avian Predators and Nest Predation
2021Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam PerAbstract:Wet grassland degradation is a global issue that involves both altered land cover patterns and ecological processes, which affect the distribution and abundance of species. The sharp decline in European Wader bird (Charadrii) populations is a good example. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the anthropogenic developmental stage of wet grassland habitats and landscapes drives avian nest predator abundance, and thus the predation pressure on nests, which is a major cause of Wader bird declines. Using a macroecological approach we selected six wet grassland landscapes representing a gradient in both grassland habitat development and breeding Wader population status in four European countries (Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania and Sweden). We (1) mapped Wader and avian predator assemblages in multiple wet grassland patches in each landscape, (2) used artificial nests to estimate the relative rate of egg predation, and (3) analyzed relationships between nest predation pressure, corvid nest predators versus raptors, nest loss and the stage of wet grassland habitat and landscape development. We found (1) inverse relationships between the abundance of corvids and Waders, as well as between wet grassland developmental stage and Waders, and (2) a positive correlation between the probability of nest loss and the density of corvid birds. In conclusion, we found a clear macroecological pattern linking habitat quality, Wader populations, nest predators and nest predation. These linkages stress the importance of including nest predation as a factor limiting Wader bird populations, and that corvid control or management may be useful management tools
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Macroecology of north European wet grassland landscapes: habitat quality, Waders, avian predators and nest predation
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam PerAbstract:Wet grassland degradation is a global issue that involves both altered land cover patterns and ecological processes, which affect the distribution and abundance of species. The sharp decline in European Wader bird (Charadrii) populations is a good example. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the anthropogenic developmental stage of wet grassland habitats and landscapes drives avian nest predator abundance, and thus the predation pressure on nests, which is a major cause of Wader bird declines. Using a macroecological approach we selected six wet grassland landscapes representing a gradient in both grassland habitat development and breeding Wader population status in four European countries (Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania and Sweden). We (1) mapped Wader and avian predator assemblages in multiple wet grassland patches in each landscape, (2) used artificial nests to estimate the relative rate of egg predation, and (3) analyzed relationships between nest predation pressure, corvid nest predators versus raptors, nest loss and the stage of wet grassland habitat and landscape development. We found (1) inverse relationships between the abundance of corvids and Waders, as well as between wet grassland developmental stage and Waders, and (2) a positive correlation between the probability of nest loss and the density of corvid birds. In conclusion, we found a clear macroecological pattern linking habitat quality, Wader populations, nest predators and nest predation. These linkages stress the importance of including nest predation as a factor limiting Wader bird populations, and that corvid control or management may be useful management toolsMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Macroecology of north european wet grassland landscapes: Habitat quality, Waders, avian predators and nest predation
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam, Per KristerAbstract:Wet grassland degradation is a global issue that involves both altered land cover patterns and ecological processes, which affect the distribution and abundance of species. The sharp decline in European Wader bird (Charadrii) populations is a good example. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the anthropogenic developmental stage of wet grassland habitats and landscapes drives avian nest predator abundance, and thus the predation pressure on nests, which is a major cause of Wader bird declines. Using a macroecological approach we selected six wet grassland landscapes representing a gradient in both grassland habitat development and breeding Wader population status in four European countries (Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania and Sweden). We (1) mapped Wader and avian predator assemblages in multiple wet grassland patches in each landscape, (2) used artificial nests to estimate the relative rate of egg predation, and (3) analyzed relationships between nest predation pressure, corvid nest predators versus raptors, nest loss and the stage of wet grassland habitat and landscape development. We found (1) inverse relationships between the abundance of corvids and Waders, as well as between wet grassland developmental stage and Waders, and (2) a positive correlation between the probability of nest loss and the density of corvid birds. In conclusion, we found a clear macroecological pattern linking habitat quality, Wader populations, nest predators and nest predation. These linkages stress the importance of including nest predation as a factor limiting Wader bird populations, and that corvid control or management may be useful management tools.publishedVersio
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Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam Per, Milberg Per, Elbakidze MarineAbstract:Biosphere Reserves aim at being role models for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the unsuccessful conservation of Waders (Charadrii) on wet grasslands in the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve (KVBR) in southern Sweden. Predation on nests and young has been proposed as one reason contributing to the decline of Waders. We explored this hypothesis by comparing two landscapes, one with declining (KVBR) and one with stable (Östergötland) Wader populations on managed wet grasslands in southern Sweden. Specifically, we tested three predictions linked to predation on Wader nests and young, namely that (1) the relative abundance of avian predators and Waders; (2) the avian predator abundance; and (3) the predation rate on artificial Wader nests, should all be higher in declining versus stable populations. All predictions were clearly supported. Nevertheless, predation may not be the ultimate factor causing Wader population declines. We discuss the cumulative effects of landscape change linked to increased food resources for predators, reduced wet grassland patch size and quality. Holistic analyses of multiple wet grassland landscapes as social-ecological systems as case studies, including processes such as predation and other factors affecting Waders, is a promising avenue towards collaborative learning for wet grasslands as a functional green infrastructure. However, if governance and management approaches can be improved is questionable without considerable investment in both ecological and social systemsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
Novaliando Bobi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Penambahan Egg Stimulant Pada Pakan Komersial Dengan Dosis Yang Berbeda Terhadap Keberhasilan Pemijahan Dan Survival Rate Ikan Wader Pari (Rasbora Argyrotaenia)
2019Co-Authors: Novaliando BobiAbstract:Ikan Wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia) memiliki peluang potensi yang sangat besar dalam budidaya. Ikan Wader pari sejauh ini masih berasal dari alam. Permasalahan dalam budidaya ikan Wader pari adalah ketersedian induk berkualitas. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas telur pada induk ikan Wader pari adalah dengan menambahkan bahan perangsang pematangan gonad berupa Egg Stimulant. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh serta dosis optimal Egg Stimulant terhadap keberhasilan pemijahan dan survival rate larva ikan Wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Divisi Reproduksi Ikan Fakultas Perikanan dan ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2018 sampai bulan April 2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen yang memerlukan kontrol yang ketat pada saat penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis keragaman (ANOVA). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahap pra penelitian yang meliputi pengadaptasian ikan selama 4 minggu, kemudian pemijahan ikan untuk mengosongkan gonad setelah itu dilakukan pembuatan pelet yang di campur dengan Egg Stimulant. Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan perlakuan dosis Egg Stimulant yang berbeda yaitu dengan menggunakan dosis 1 Egg Stimulant gr/ kg ikan 2 Egg Stimulant gr/ kg ikan dan 3 Egg Stimulant gr/ kg ikan beserta dengan kontrol (0 Egg Stimulant gr/kg ikan). Pengukuran parameter meliputi fekunditas, fertilization rate, hatching rate, volume kuning telur dan survival rate selama 28 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini didapatkan nilai fekunditas dan hatching rate terbaik pada perlakuan A dengan dosis Egg Stimulant 1 gr/kg ikan dengan nilai fekunditas 1230,67 ± 30,5 butir dan hatching rate 93,66 ± 3,1%.Sedangkan nilai survival rate dan volume kuning telur terbaik pada perlakuan C dengan dosis Egg Stimulant 3 gr/kg ikan dengan nilai volume kuning telur sebesar 203,1 ± 19,3 mm3 dan survival rate 94,65 ± 2,8% tetapi Egg Stimulant tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap fertilization rate telur ikan Wader pari
Angelstam Per - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Macroecology of North European Wet Grassland Landscapes: Habitat Quality, Waders, Avian Predators and Nest Predation
2021Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam PerAbstract:Wet grassland degradation is a global issue that involves both altered land cover patterns and ecological processes, which affect the distribution and abundance of species. The sharp decline in European Wader bird (Charadrii) populations is a good example. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the anthropogenic developmental stage of wet grassland habitats and landscapes drives avian nest predator abundance, and thus the predation pressure on nests, which is a major cause of Wader bird declines. Using a macroecological approach we selected six wet grassland landscapes representing a gradient in both grassland habitat development and breeding Wader population status in four European countries (Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania and Sweden). We (1) mapped Wader and avian predator assemblages in multiple wet grassland patches in each landscape, (2) used artificial nests to estimate the relative rate of egg predation, and (3) analyzed relationships between nest predation pressure, corvid nest predators versus raptors, nest loss and the stage of wet grassland habitat and landscape development. We found (1) inverse relationships between the abundance of corvids and Waders, as well as between wet grassland developmental stage and Waders, and (2) a positive correlation between the probability of nest loss and the density of corvid birds. In conclusion, we found a clear macroecological pattern linking habitat quality, Wader populations, nest predators and nest predation. These linkages stress the importance of including nest predation as a factor limiting Wader bird populations, and that corvid control or management may be useful management tools
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Macroecology of north European wet grassland landscapes: habitat quality, Waders, avian predators and nest predation
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam PerAbstract:Wet grassland degradation is a global issue that involves both altered land cover patterns and ecological processes, which affect the distribution and abundance of species. The sharp decline in European Wader bird (Charadrii) populations is a good example. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the anthropogenic developmental stage of wet grassland habitats and landscapes drives avian nest predator abundance, and thus the predation pressure on nests, which is a major cause of Wader bird declines. Using a macroecological approach we selected six wet grassland landscapes representing a gradient in both grassland habitat development and breeding Wader population status in four European countries (Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania and Sweden). We (1) mapped Wader and avian predator assemblages in multiple wet grassland patches in each landscape, (2) used artificial nests to estimate the relative rate of egg predation, and (3) analyzed relationships between nest predation pressure, corvid nest predators versus raptors, nest loss and the stage of wet grassland habitat and landscape development. We found (1) inverse relationships between the abundance of corvids and Waders, as well as between wet grassland developmental stage and Waders, and (2) a positive correlation between the probability of nest loss and the density of corvid birds. In conclusion, we found a clear macroecological pattern linking habitat quality, Wader populations, nest predators and nest predation. These linkages stress the importance of including nest predation as a factor limiting Wader bird populations, and that corvid control or management may be useful management toolsMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Manton Michael, Angelstam Per, Milberg Per, Elbakidze MarineAbstract:Biosphere Reserves aim at being role models for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the unsuccessful conservation of Waders (Charadrii) on wet grasslands in the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve (KVBR) in southern Sweden. Predation on nests and young has been proposed as one reason contributing to the decline of Waders. We explored this hypothesis by comparing two landscapes, one with declining (KVBR) and one with stable (Östergötland) Wader populations on managed wet grasslands in southern Sweden. Specifically, we tested three predictions linked to predation on Wader nests and young, namely that (1) the relative abundance of avian predators and Waders; (2) the avian predator abundance; and (3) the predation rate on artificial Wader nests, should all be higher in declining versus stable populations. All predictions were clearly supported. Nevertheless, predation may not be the ultimate factor causing Wader population declines. We discuss the cumulative effects of landscape change linked to increased food resources for predators, reduced wet grassland patch size and quality. Holistic analyses of multiple wet grassland landscapes as social-ecological systems as case studies, including processes such as predation and other factors affecting Waders, is a promising avenue towards collaborative learning for wet grasslands as a functional green infrastructure. However, if governance and management approaches can be improved is questionable without considerable investment in both ecological and social systemsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
Hidayah, Dima Yusrotul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Pemberian Egg Stimulant Pada Pakan Komersial Dengan Dosis Yang Berbeda Terhadap Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Ikan Wader Pari (Rasbora Argyrotaenia)
2019Co-Authors: Hidayah, Dima YusrotulAbstract:Ikan Wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia) merupakan ikan air tawar yang sering ditemukan di perairan mengalir seperti sungai yang memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dibudidayakan karena memiliki banyak keunggulan. Permasalahan yang timbul karena adanya eksploitasi ikan Wader yang tinggi dan minimnya pembudidaya ikan tersebut. Salah satu cara cara meningkatkan ketersediaan benih adalah dengan memperbaiki kualitas induk melalui percepatan tingkat kematangan gonad ikan. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan multivitamin pada pakan ikan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang terdahulu, Egg Stimulant dengan kandungan multivitamin dan antibiotik dapat meningkatkan pematangan gonad ikan red fin shark. Oleh karena itu Pemberian Egg Stimulant dengan diberi dosis yang efektif, diharapkan dapat mempercepat proses pematangan gonad induk ikan Wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dosis Egg Stimulant yang optimal yang ditambahkan pada pakan komersial terhadap tingkat kematangan gonad ikan Wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Divisi Reproduksi Ikan, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan November 2018 sampai April 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan variabel berupa perlakuan pemberian Egg Stimulant dengan dosis A (1 gr/kg ikan), B (2 gr/kg ikan), C (3 gr/kg ikan) dan perlakuan kontrol tanpa pemberian Egg Stimulant. Parameter yang diuji meliputi tingkat kematangan gonad ikan Wader pari secara morfologi dan histologi, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) dan diameter telur, serta parameter penunjang berupa kualitas air. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya peningkatan tingkat kematangan gonad pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan tambahan Egg Stimulant dengan dosis yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TKG secara morfologi maupun histologi menunjukkan TKG 4 pada setiap perlakuan diakhir pengamatan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Egg Stimulant dengan dosis yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap TKG ikan Wader pari. Namun nilai GSI dan diameter telur menunjukkan hasil bahwa penambahan Egg Stimulant dengan dosis yang berbeda menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada tiap perlakuan. Hasil terbaik yang didapat yaitu rerata GSI pada pengamatan hari ke-14 sebesar 7,66%, rerata GSI pengamatan hari ke-28 sebesar 17,61%, rerata diameter telur pengamatan hari ke-14 sebesar 0,74 mm dan rerata diameter telur pada pengamatan hari ke-28 sebesar 0,84 mm. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian Egg Stimulant dengan dosis yang berbeda pada pakan komersial memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap TKG ikan Wader pari (R. argyrotaenia) dengan hasil perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan C dengan dosis pemberian Egg Stimulant 3 gr/kg ikan memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada nilai GSI, sedangkan diameter telur diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan
