The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nafiseh Mohamadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which investigates the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market over a 13-year period (1997–2010). This study used the Iranian Pharmaceutical statistical datasheet published by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Systematic searches of the relevant Persian and English research literature were made. In addition, official government documents were analyzed as sources of both data and detailed statements of policy. Analysis of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market in the 13-year period shows that medicine consumption sales value growth has been 28.38% annually. Determination of domestic production and import reveals that 9.3% and 42.3% annual growth, respectively, have been experienced. The Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has undergone great growth in comparison with developing countries and the pharmerging group, and the Market is expanding quickly while a major share goes to biotechnology drugs, which implies the need to commercialization activities in novel fields like Pharmaceutical biotechnology. This Market expansion has been in favor of imported medicine in sales terms, caused by the reinforcement of suspicious policies of policy makers that necessitates fundamental rearrangements.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:Background So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations.
Kevin A Schulman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring payments in the us Pharmaceutical Market from 2011 to 2019 update on pharmacy benefit manager impact
American Heart Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Emery P Weinstein, Kevin A SchulmanAbstract:We extended an earlier analysis of the gross revenue, payments, and net revenues of Pharmaceutical manufacturers to include data from 2017 through 2019. In the period of 2017 to 2019, we found that gross revenue increased by 6.8% per annum, and payments from manufacturers increased by 13.5% annually, whereas net revenues for the same manufacturers increased by only 2.9% annually. By 2019, these same firms made payments of 67.4% of net revenue, or $141.4 billion, to generate $209.9 billion in net sales. We observed that list price increases and payments have been growing disproportionally to manufacturer net income despite widespread public concern about rising outpatient prescription drug prices.
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the relationship between pharmacy benefit managers pbms and the cost of therapies in the us Pharmaceutical Market a policy primer for clinicians
American Heart Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin A Schulman, Matan DaboraAbstract:Pharmaceutical benefit managers (PBMs) are playing an increasingly important role in establishing access to Pharmaceutical products for patients. PBMs set retail prices for Pharmaceutical products, negotiate "rebates" from manufacturers based on total sales volume of products, and achieve several types of postsale price concessions and payments from pharmacies. All of these activities describe a complex flow of funds that has not been transparent to clinicians or to patients. In this article, we describe these terms and processes to better understand how Pharmaceutical products are financed in the United States. In 2016, US Pharmaceutical manufacturers reported gross Pharmaceutical sales of $462 billion and net Pharmaceutical sales of $318 billion. The difference between gross and net sales is largely due to the different "payments" from manufacturers to PBMs and other intermediaries in the Marketplace. We examine the flow of funds through the US Pharmaceutical distribution system over time using data from the annual reports of 13 major Pharmaceutical manufacturers for the period 2011-2016. Overall, we find that net revenues for our sample of firms grew by an average of 2.7% annually between 2011 and 2016, whereas rebates and other payments increased by 15% annually over the same period. Our examination of the Pharmaceutical Market reveals the enormous scale of payments from Pharmaceutical manufacturers to intermediaries. We observed that these payments have been growing disproportionally to manufacturer net income over the past 5 years. We also found a lack of transparency regarding the flow of funds through intermediaries. This entire Marketplace is now the subject of intense public debate.
Shekoufeh Nikfar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which investigates the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market over a 13-year period (1997–2010). This study used the Iranian Pharmaceutical statistical datasheet published by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Systematic searches of the relevant Persian and English research literature were made. In addition, official government documents were analyzed as sources of both data and detailed statements of policy. Analysis of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market in the 13-year period shows that medicine consumption sales value growth has been 28.38% annually. Determination of domestic production and import reveals that 9.3% and 42.3% annual growth, respectively, have been experienced. The Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has undergone great growth in comparison with developing countries and the pharmerging group, and the Market is expanding quickly while a major share goes to biotechnology drugs, which implies the need to commercialization activities in novel fields like Pharmaceutical biotechnology. This Market expansion has been in favor of imported medicine in sales terms, caused by the reinforcement of suspicious policies of policy makers that necessitates fundamental rearrangements.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:Background So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations.
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Pharmaceutical Market and health system in the middle eastern and central asian countries time for innovations and changes in policies and actions
Archives of Medical Science, 2011Co-Authors: Akbar Abdollahias, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad AbdollahiAbstract:2,4 The Pharmaceutical Market has some unique specifications in healthcare economics. It has to provide its products to the health systems and usually has to get its profits from reimbursement systems. But both health and reimbursement Markets are rather different from free Markets in terms of their official rules and being categorized as “Market failure”. In such conditions, the first thought that comes to mind is that Pharmaceutical activities are somehow dependent on health system indicators. With this thought, we tried to seek any correlation between Pharmaceutical Market size and some main health indicators in some Middle East and Asian countries in central Asia. Most of the countries included in the study are categorized as low or middle income countries. The primary data were acquired from the World Bank and World Health Organization and are summarized in Table I. Data were analysed using SPSS 6. Correlation analysis by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PC) showed that spending on health in the countries strongly depends on their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (PC = 0.957, p < 0.01). Adult mortality rate (PC = –0.615, p < 0.01), under five year mortality rate (PC = –0.416, p < 0.05), life expectancy (PC = 0.632, p < 0.01) and healthy life expectancy (PC = 0.654, p < 0.01) have a significant correlation with spending on health. Vaccination does not show any significant correlation with health spending. A significant correlation is seen between per capita Pharmaceutical con sumption (total Market/population) and GDP per capita (PC = 0.646, p < 0.01) and health spending per capita (PC = 0.781, p < 0.01). Per capita Pharmaceutical consumption shows a significant correlation with adult mortality rate (PC = –0.522, p < 0.01), under five year mortality rate (PC = –0.410, p < 0.05), life expectancy (PC = 0.562, p < 0.01), and healthy life expectancy (PC = 0.581). The number of physicians has no significant correlation with any health indicators or even the pharma ceutical Market (p < 0.01). These results shows that the development process of a country in the region and growth of GDP per capita have strongly raised health
Abbas Kebriaeezadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which investigates the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market over a 13-year period (1997–2010). This study used the Iranian Pharmaceutical statistical datasheet published by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Systematic searches of the relevant Persian and English research literature were made. In addition, official government documents were analyzed as sources of both data and detailed statements of policy. Analysis of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market in the 13-year period shows that medicine consumption sales value growth has been 28.38% annually. Determination of domestic production and import reveals that 9.3% and 42.3% annual growth, respectively, have been experienced. The Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has undergone great growth in comparison with developing countries and the pharmerging group, and the Market is expanding quickly while a major share goes to biotechnology drugs, which implies the need to commercialization activities in novel fields like Pharmaceutical biotechnology. This Market expansion has been in favor of imported medicine in sales terms, caused by the reinforcement of suspicious policies of policy makers that necessitates fundamental rearrangements.
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trend analysis of the Pharmaceutical Market in iran 1997 2010 policy implications for developing countries
DARU, 2013Co-Authors: Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nasser Nassiri Koopaei, Akbar Abdollahiasl, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Nafiseh MohamadiAbstract:Background So far, no detailed study of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Market has been conducted, and only a few studies have analyzed medicine consumption and expenditure in Iran. Pharmaceutical Market trend analysis remains one of the most useful instruments to evaluate the Pharmaceutical systems efficiency. An increase in imports of medicines, and a simultaneous decrease in domestic production prompted us to investigate the Pharmaceutical expenditure structure. On the other hand, analyzing statistics provides a suitable method to assess the outcomes of national Pharmaceutical policies and regulations.
Aaron S Kesselheim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reimagining Pharmaceutical Market exclusivities should the duration of guaranteed monopoly periods be value based
Value in Health, 2021Co-Authors: Aaron S Kesselheim, Reed F Beall, Aidan Hollis, Eldon SpackmanAbstract:Abstract Objectives To describe the main features of a Pharmaceutical Market in which the duration of guaranteed monopoly periods would correspond to a new Pharmaceutical product’s value. Methods After reviewing patent- and regulatory exclusivity-based mechanisms for protecting prescription drug Markets from competition to incentivize drug innovation in developed countries, we model Market protection mechanisms within the current framework to give the longest-lasting Market protections to drug developers that bring the most affordable products to Market with highest public health and clinical value. Results An approach tying Pharmaceutical Market exclusivity to value would have 3 main features. First, it would be based on regulatory exclusivity (ie, the drug regulator refrains from authorizing generic entry for a certain amount of time), rather than patents. Second, the duration of exclusivity period would be pegged to the magnitude of a product’s anticipated health impact and its proposed price by using modified methods from the field of health technology assessment. Third, the duration of the value-based exclusivity period would be reassessed routinely 3 years after the product’s launch to account for its real-world effectiveness. Conclusions Linking a drug’s proposed price to the duration of its regulatory-based exclusivities would both incentivize the development of high impact, low-cost products and motivate drug developers to introduce these products at lower prices.
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reforming the orphan drug act for the 21st century
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Ameet Sarpatwari, Aaron S KesselheimAbstract:Reforming the Orphan Drug Act for the 21st Century The Pharmaceutical Market has undergone radical changes, including markedly increased prices for rare-disease drugs. The revenue generated by such...
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rising health care costs and life cycle management in the Pharmaceutical Market
PLOS Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Aaron S KesselheimAbstract:Aaron Kesselheim discusses Natalie Vernaz and colleagues' paper on the effects on health care costs of “evergreening” strategies pursued by drug manufacturers. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
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using Market exclusivity incentives to promote Pharmaceutical innovation
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Aaron S KesselheimAbstract:The number of drugs entering the US Pharmaceutical Market is at a low point. At the same time, demand for innovative therapeutic alternatives has been rising in numerous fields, including antibiotics for multidrug resistant organisms and drugs for tropical diseases prevalent in low-income settings. The growing gap between the need for new Pharmaceuticals and their development and approval for use in clinical care has drawn the attention of policymakers from diverse sources, including academia, industry, and government. Federal initiatives have been proposed to stimulate drug development. Most suggestions target the intellectual property environment. In this legal framework, multiple features (e.g., the duration of exclusivity, expedited approval processes) have been identified as plausible levers for encouraging the development of health-promoting Pharmaceuticals. Over the past three decades, prior reforms based on using these levers to incentivize drug development have been implemented with the backing of the Pharmaceutical industry. This analysis critically reviews the origins of and outcomes from five well-known incentive programs with substantial influence on Pharmaceutical research and development that use Market exclusivity as a lever - the Bayh-Dole Act, the Hatch-Waxman Act, the Orphan Drug Act, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, and the pediatric exclusivity extension. The findings suggest that using Market exclusivity incentives to promote Pharmaceutical innovation has both benefits and substantial problems for public health, including negative consequences for the patients these incentives are intended to help. Future legislative efforts aimed at encouraging investment in drug R&D should be more precisely designed to avoid waste and misuse, and should be linked to demonstration of positive public health outcomes. Without these limitations, offering exclusivity incentives in the Pharmaceutical Market may not be worth their public health risks.
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the international Pharmaceutical Market as a source of low cost prescription drugs for u s patients
2008Co-Authors: Aaron S Kesselheim, Niteesh K ChoudhryAbstract:In response to increasing prescription drug costs, more U.S. patients and policymakers are importing less-expensive Pharmaceutical products from other countries. Large-scale prescription drug importation is currently illegal, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits individuals to bring in 90-day supplies of drugs for personal use. As patient use of foreign-bought drugs has increased, federal legislators have continued to debate the full legalization of importation. Three factors help guide whether U.S. patients and policymakers can rely on other countries as sources of imported prescription drugs: whether the safety of the product can be ensured, how the import price compares with domestic prices, and how importation might affect the exporting country's Pharmaceutical Market. In wealthier countries with active regulatory systems, drug safety can be adequately ensured, and brand-name products are usually less expensive than in the United States (although generic drugs may be more expensive). However, implementing large-scale importation can negatively impact the originating country's Market and can diminish the long-term cost savings for U.S. consumers. In low- and middle-income countries, prices may be reduced for both brand-name and generic drugs, but the prevalence of unauthorized products on the Market makes ensuring drug safety more difficult. It may be reasonable for individual U.S. consumers to purchase essential medicines from certain international Markets, but the most effective way to decrease drug costs overall is the appropriate use of domestic generic drugs, which are available for almost every major therapeutic class.
