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Robert G. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between triflusulfuron and organophosphate or carbamate insecticides in sugarbeet
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1999Co-Authors: Robert W. Downard, Alan G. Dexter, Robert G. Wilson, Don W. Morishita, Gary L HeinAbstract:Field experiments were conducted in Idaho, Nebraska, and North Dakota to evaluate interactions between postemergence applications of the herbicides triflusulfuron, a nd a premix of desmedipham plus Phenmedipham (1:1 ratio) with at-planting applications of the insecticides terbufos, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos applied postemergence in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L). In North Dakota, banding terbufos 15G or chlorpyrifos 15G at planting reduced injury from postemergence herbicides as compared to modified in-fur row (MIF) insecticide plus postemergence herbicides. Triflusulfu r on gave less sugarbeet injury than triflusulfuron plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham when applied to sugarbeet previously treated with insec ticide. Terbufos 20CR in combination with postemergence herbicides had greater crop safety than terbufos 15G. In Nebraska, terbufos 15G and chlorpyrifos 15G at-plant ing plus triflusulfuron postemergence gave less injury com pared to at-planting insecticides plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham alone or in combination with triflusulfuron. Chlorpyrifos applied postemergence after herbicide application increased sugarbeet injury compared to chIorpyrifos applied postemergence alone. Triflusulfuron or desmedipham and Phenmedipham ap
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Response of nine sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars to postemergence herbicide applications
Weed Technology, 1999Co-Authors: Robert G. WilsonAbstract:A field experiment was conducted for 2 yr near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the growth and yield response of nine commercial sugarbeet cultivars to five postemergence herbicide mixtures applied two times. Sugarbeet cultivars varied in their response to herbicides. Three of the five postemergence herbicide mixtures reduced sugarbeet leaf area at 9 wk after planting (WAP), while two treatments had no significant effect. Root yield reductions from herbicide treatments ranged from 3 to 11% averaged over the nine cultivars. Two applications of desmedipham plus Phenmedipham at 180 plus 180 g/ha reduced root yield 3% compared to untreated plots. Two applications of clopyralid at 100 g/ha, triflusulfuron at 18 g/ha, or ethofumesate at 160 g/ha plus desmedipham plus Phenmedipham resulted in a 17, 29, and 22% reduction in leaf area at 9 WAP, respectively, and a 6, 8, and 6% reduction in root yield, respectively, compared to untreated plots. Sethoxydim at 28() g/ha plus desmedipham plus Phenmedipham did not cause additional sugarbeet injury. Nomenclature: Clopyralid, 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; desmedipham, ethyl [3-[[(phenylamino) carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]carbamate; ethofumesate, (±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate; Phenmedipham, 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl (3-methyl-phenyl)carbamate; sethoxydim, 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one; triflusulfuron, methyl 2- [[[[[4-((dimethylamino-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy))-1,3,5 triazin-2-yl]amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-3-methylben zoate; sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris (L).
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Cultivars to Postemergence Herbicide Applications
1999Co-Authors: Robert G. WilsonAbstract:A field experiment was conducted for 2 yr near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the growth and yield response of nine commercial sugarbeet cultivars to five postemergence herbicide mixtures applied two times. Sugarbeet cultivars varied in their response to herbicides. Three of the five post- emergence herbicide mixtures reduced sugarbeet leaf area at 9 wk after planting (WAP), while two treatments had no significant effect. Root yield reductions from herbicide treatments ranged from 3 to 11% averaged over the nine cultivars. Two applications of desmedipham plus Phenmedipham at 180 plus 180 g/ha reduced root yield 3% compared to untreated plots. Two applications of clopyralid at 100 g/ha, triflusulfuron at 18 g/ha, or ethofumesate at 160 g/ha plus desmedipham plus phenme- dipham resulted in a 17, 29, and 22% reduction in leaf area at 9 WAP, respectively, and a 6, 8, and 6% reduction in root yield, respectively, compared to untreated plots. Sethoxydim at 280 g/ha plus desmedipham plus Phenmedipham did not cause additional sugarbeet injury. Nomenclature: Clopyralid, 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; desmedipham, ethyl (3-(((phe- nylamino) carbonyl)oxy)phenyl)carbamate; ethofumesate, (?)-2-ethoxy-2,3- dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5- benzofuranyl methanesulfonate; Phenmedipham, 3-((methoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl (3-methyl-phe- nyl)carbamate; sethoxydim, 2-(1-(ethoxyimino)butyl)-5-(2-(ethylthio)propyl)-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohex- en-i-one; triflusulfuron, methyl 2- (((((4-((dimethylamino-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy))-1,3,5 triazin-2-
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Postemergence herbicide timing for maximum weed control in sugarbeet
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1998Co-Authors: Robert G. WilsonAbstract:A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, Nebraska to examine the effect of sugarbeet growth stage and weed height on the effectiveness of sequentiaUy ap plied postemergence herbicide treatments. Sugarbeet in jury averaged 9% when sequential her bicide application began when the crop was in the cotyledon growth stage. Crop injury declined if herbicide application was delayed until sugarbeet was in the 2 to 4, 4 to 6, or 6 to 8 true-leaf stage. Weed control averaged 93% for postemergence her bicides when the initial herbicide treatment was applied when the crop had 2 true-leaves and average weed height was 2 cm. Applying herbicides earlier or later than the 2 to 4 true-leaf stage resulted in reduced weed control. When desmedipham plus Phenmedipham and desmedi pham plus Phenmedipham plus ethofumesate were applied at the 2 true-leaf growth stage, average weed control was similar between the two treatments, 92 versus 95%, re spectively. As the crop and weeds grew and sugarbeet reached the 4 true-leaf growth stage, desmedipham plus Phenmedipham plus ethofumesate controlled weeds better than desmedipham plus Phenmedipham (85 versus 57%). Additional Key Words: Clopyrali~ crop growth stage, desmedipham,
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Response of sugarbeet, common sunflower, and common cocklebur to clopyralid or desmidipham plus Phenmedipham
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1995Co-Authors: Robert G. WilsonAbstract:A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the selectivity of clopyralid, desmedipham plus Phenmedipham, and the combination for common sunflower and common cocklebur control in sugarbeet. Clopyralid provided 81 to 98% control of common sunflower and 95 to 98% control of common cocklebur while desmedipham plus Phenmedipham provided poor control of both weeds. Combinations of clopyralid plus desmedipham plus Phenmedipham provided good control of both weeds but in some years the treatment increased sugarbeet injury over that observed when clopyralid was applied alone. Common sunflower and common cocklebur at densities of 5 plants/9 m of crop row reduced sugarbeet root yield 31 and 28%, respectively. Clopyralid's efficacy on common sunflower and common cocklebur was reflected in sugarbeet root yields similar to those observed in a handweeded control.
José Paulo Sousa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity of Phenmedipham and carbendazim to enchytraeus crypticus and eisenia andrei oligochaeta in mediterranean soils
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Xavier Domene, Jorg Rombke, Pilar Andrés, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of two reference chemicals, Carbendazim and Phenmedipham, for the compostworm Eisenia andrei (effects of Carbendazim) and the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus (effects of Phenmedipham) in 12 Mediterranean soils with contrasting soil properties. The observed toxicity was also compared to that obtained for OECD standard soil, used as a control.
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Toxicity of Phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Xavier Domene, Jorg Rombke, Pilar Andrés, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of two reference chemicals, Carbendazim and Phenmedipham, for the compostworm Eisenia andrei (effects of Carbendazim) and the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus (effects of Phenmedipham) in 12 Mediterranean soils with contrasting soil properties. The observed toxicity was also compared to that obtained for OECD standard soil, used as a control. Materials and methods The soils were selected to be representative for the Mediterranean region and to cover a broad range of soil properties. The evaluated endpoints were avoidance behavior and reproduction. Soils were also assembled in two groups according to their pedological properties. Results and discussion Toxicity benchmarks (AC50s) obtained for E. andrei avoidance behavior in carbendazim-contaminated soils were generally higher for sandy soils with low pH. The toxic effects on the reproduction of the compostworms were similar in the six tested soils, indicating a low influence of soil properties. The avoidance response of E. crypticus towards Phenmedipham was generally highly variable in all tested soils. Even though, a higher toxicity was observed for more acidic soils. The EC50s for reproduction of the latter species varied by a factor of 9 and Phenmedipham toxicity also tended to be increasing in soils with lower pH, except for the soils with extreme organic matter content (0.6 and 5.8%). Conclusions A soil effect on chemical toxicity was clearly confirmed, highlighting the influence that test soils can have in site-specific ecological risk assessment. Despite some relationships between soil properties and toxicity were outlined, a clear and statistically significant prediction of chemical toxicity could not be established. The range of soil properties was probably narrow to give clearer and more consistent insights on their influence. For the four groups of tests, the toxicity observed for OECD soil was either similar, lower, or generally higher if compared with Mediterranean soils. Moreover, it did represent neither the organic matter content found in Mediterranean soils nor their textural classes.
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Applying a GLM-based approach to model the influence of soil properties on the toxicity of Phenmedipham to Folsomia candida
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012Co-Authors: Xavier Domene, Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Jorg Rombke, Josep M. Alcañiz, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose Soil properties are the main explanation to the different toxicities obtained in different soils due to their influence on chemical bioavailability and the test species performance itself. However, most prediction studies are centred on a few soil properties influencing bioavailability, while their direct effects on test species performance are usually neglected. In our study, we develop prediction models for the toxicity values obtained in a set of soils taking into account both the chemical concentration and their soil properties. Materials and methods The effects on the avoidance behaviour and on reproduction of the herbicide Phenmedipham to the collembolan Folsomia candida is assessed in 12 natural soils and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) artificial soil. The toxicity outcomes in different soils are compared and explanatory models are constructed by generalised linear models (GLMs) using Phenmedipham concentrations and soil properties. Results and discussion At identical Phenmedipham concentrations, the effects on reproduction and the avoidance response observed in OECD soil were similar to those observed in natural soils, while effects on survival were clearly lower in this soil. The organic matter and silt content explained differences in the avoidance behaviour in different soils; for reproduction, there was a more complex pattern involving several soil properties. Conclusions Our results highlight the need for approaches taking into account all the soil properties as a whole, as a necessary step to improve the prediction of the toxicity of particular chemicals to any particular soil.
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Tolerance of genetically characterized Folsomia candida strains to Phenmedipham exposure
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2007Co-Authors: João Barateiro Diogo, José Paulo Sousa, Tiago Natal-da-luz, Christian Vogt, Carsten NowakAbstract:Background, Aims, and Scope The springtail Folsomia candida is a commonly used model species in ecotoxicological soil testing. The species reproduces parthenogenetically and, thus, laboratories use different clonal lineages. In this study, we investigated if genetic divergence between F. candida strains impacts the reaction to chemical stress and may thus affect the outcome of toxicity tests. Methods In two exposure assays (life-cycle reproduction test and avoidance behaviour test), three laboratory strains of F. candida from Portugal (PTG), Spain (SPN) and Denmark (DNK) were exposed to different concentrations of the reference chemical Phenmedipham. Genetic divergence among strains was estimated based on mitochondrial COI sequence data. Results No significant differences between tolerance towards Phenmedipham exposure were observed in a reproduction test. In contrast, one strain (SPN) showed a decreased susceptibility to Phenmedipham compared to the other strains (PTG and DNK) in the avoidance assay. Discussion A phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial COI sequences revealed clear genetic differentiation between both ‘reaction types’. Thus, we found a potential lineage dependent stress reaction in avoidance behaviour towards the pesticide. Conclusions Our findings have implications for the comparability of test results among laboratories. Reproduction tests seem to be more robust towards interclonal genetic differentiation than avoidance tests. Recommendations and Perspectives We recommend the use of molecular tools for simple and cost effective genetic characterization of F. candida strains used in chemical avoidance tests. Closer investigations concerning the relation between genetic relatedness and chemical response will provide a more detailed and comprehensive picture on the role of intraspecific genetic differentiation in stress tolerance.
Alan G. Dexter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weed interference and control in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) in the Gharb region of Morocco
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 2003Co-Authors: Bennasseur S. Alaoui, Donald L. Wyse, Alan G. DexterAbstract:Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of weed interference duration and weed control strategies on growth and sucrose yield of fall-seeded sugarbeet in the Gharb region (Morocco). Sugarbeet showed a great capacity to recover from early weed interference, but the recovery did not prevent sucrose yield loss. Sugarbeet sucrose yield was reduced by 99 to 100% by full-season weed interference, and by 5 or 10% if weeds were allowed to interfere with sugarbeet for 2 to 2.5 or 5 to 5.5 weeks after sugarbeet emergence (WAE). Cumulative leaf area duration (LAD cum ) explained differences in sucrose yields between weed interference durations and weed control strategies, and higher LAD cum was the result of higher leaf area expansion rate. Yield loss could be prevented with increased number of hand-weedings if the first two hand-weedings were executed early in the growing season. Three hand-weedings during the sugarbeet canopy establishment phase permitted sucrose yield similar to sugarbeet kept weed-free from 4 WAE until harvest. POST Phenmedipham plus sethoxydim gave insufficient weed control and resulted in sucrose yield reductions of 76 to 81%, compared to weed-free sugarbeet. However, a single hand-weeding following POST Phenmedipham plus sethoxydim improved sucrose yield by 280 to 350%, compared to sucrose yields obtained with POST herbicides alone. The combination of POST herbicides and one hand-weeding gave a sucrose yield higher than or equal to sucrose yield from sugarbeet hand-weeded three times. Nomenclature: Phenmedipham, (3-[(methoxycarbonyl) amino] phenyl (3-methylphenyl) carbamate; sethoxydim, (2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one); sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L.
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interaction between triflusulfuron and organophosphate or carbamate insecticides in sugarbeet
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1999Co-Authors: Robert W. Downard, Alan G. Dexter, Robert G. Wilson, Don W. Morishita, Gary L HeinAbstract:Field experiments were conducted in Idaho, Nebraska, and North Dakota to evaluate interactions between postemergence applications of the herbicides triflusulfuron, a nd a premix of desmedipham plus Phenmedipham (1:1 ratio) with at-planting applications of the insecticides terbufos, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos applied postemergence in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L). In North Dakota, banding terbufos 15G or chlorpyrifos 15G at planting reduced injury from postemergence herbicides as compared to modified in-fur row (MIF) insecticide plus postemergence herbicides. Triflusulfu r on gave less sugarbeet injury than triflusulfuron plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham when applied to sugarbeet previously treated with insec ticide. Terbufos 20CR in combination with postemergence herbicides had greater crop safety than terbufos 15G. In Nebraska, terbufos 15G and chlorpyrifos 15G at-plant ing plus triflusulfuron postemergence gave less injury com pared to at-planting insecticides plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham alone or in combination with triflusulfuron. Chlorpyrifos applied postemergence after herbicide application increased sugarbeet injury compared to chIorpyrifos applied postemergence alone. Triflusulfuron or desmedipham and Phenmedipham ap
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History of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) herbicide rate reduction in North Dakota and Minnesota
Weed Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Alan G. DexterAbstract:Phenmedipham was registered for use at 1.1 to 1.7 kg ai/ha in 1970 and desmedipham at 1.1 to 1.4 kg ai/ha in 1974 for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in sugarbeet. Phenmedipham was sold from 1970 through 1981 and desmedipham plus Phenmedipham (1:1), as a premixed product, has been sold since 1982. Development of multiple applications of reduced rates began in 1972 primarily to reduce sugarbeet injury. The technique was promoted to farmers after 1976. A half-rate of Phenmedipham and/or desmedipham applied twice at a 5to 7-d interval controlled weeds better and caused less sugarbeet injury than a single full-rate application, and allowed application to smaller than four-leaf sugarbeet. Suggested sugarbeet size for the first application changed from 4-leaf in 1970 to cotyledon to two-leaf in 1992. Earlier application to more susceptible small weeds allowed a further rate reduction. The use of soil-applied herbicides prior to Phenmedipham and/or desmedipham increased weed control and sugarbeet injury. Application to small weeds and sugarbeet by air or by ground sprayers at spray pressures over 1040 kPa controlled weeds better and injured sugarbeet more than when applied by ground sprayers at 280 kPa. Desmedipham and Phenmedipham rates presently are adjusted for sugarbeet size, application method, soil-applied herbicide, and environment. The suggested initial application rate of Phenmedipham and/or desmedipham in 1992 was 0.13 to 0.28 kg/ha as compared with 1.1 to 1.7 kg/ha in 1970. A typical rate of desmedipham or desmedipham plus Phenmedipham applied in 1992, including multiple application, was approximately 0.7 kg/ha less than typical rates from 1970 through 1977. Nomenclature: Desmedipham, ethyl { 3-[[(phenylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]carbamate, Phenmedipham, 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl (3-methylphenyl)carbamate, sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L. Additional index words: Weed control, agrichemicals, environmental safety, Phenmedipham, desmedipham, application technology.
Robert W. Downard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between triflusulfuron and organophosphate or carbamate insecticides in sugarbeet
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1999Co-Authors: Robert W. Downard, Alan G. Dexter, Robert G. Wilson, Don W. Morishita, Gary L HeinAbstract:Field experiments were conducted in Idaho, Nebraska, and North Dakota to evaluate interactions between postemergence applications of the herbicides triflusulfuron, a nd a premix of desmedipham plus Phenmedipham (1:1 ratio) with at-planting applications of the insecticides terbufos, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos applied postemergence in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L). In North Dakota, banding terbufos 15G or chlorpyrifos 15G at planting reduced injury from postemergence herbicides as compared to modified in-fur row (MIF) insecticide plus postemergence herbicides. Triflusulfu r on gave less sugarbeet injury than triflusulfuron plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham when applied to sugarbeet previously treated with insec ticide. Terbufos 20CR in combination with postemergence herbicides had greater crop safety than terbufos 15G. In Nebraska, terbufos 15G and chlorpyrifos 15G at-plant ing plus triflusulfuron postemergence gave less injury com pared to at-planting insecticides plus desmedipham and Phenmedipham alone or in combination with triflusulfuron. Chlorpyrifos applied postemergence after herbicide application increased sugarbeet injury compared to chIorpyrifos applied postemergence alone. Triflusulfuron or desmedipham and Phenmedipham ap
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Weed control in sugar beets with triflusulfuron as influenced by herbicide combination, timing, and rate
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 1995Co-Authors: Don W. Morishita, Robert W. DownardAbstract:Broadleaf weed control with triflusulfuron applied alone, sequentially, and in tank mixture with several herbicides registered for use in sugar beets was evaluated in field experiments. Triflusulfuron applied alone or after a soil-applied herbicide did not satisfactorily or consistently control redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides), and kochia (Kochia scoparia). When triflusulfuron was tank mixed with desmedipham and Phenmedipham, weed control was more consistent and equally effective with later applications when weeds were larger. Compared to using Phenmedipham and desmedipham alone, triflusulfuron plus Phenmedipham and desmedipham improved kochia control.
Sonia Chelinho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity of Phenmedipham and carbendazim to enchytraeus crypticus and eisenia andrei oligochaeta in mediterranean soils
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Xavier Domene, Jorg Rombke, Pilar Andrés, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of two reference chemicals, Carbendazim and Phenmedipham, for the compostworm Eisenia andrei (effects of Carbendazim) and the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus (effects of Phenmedipham) in 12 Mediterranean soils with contrasting soil properties. The observed toxicity was also compared to that obtained for OECD standard soil, used as a control.
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Toxicity of Phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Xavier Domene, Jorg Rombke, Pilar Andrés, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of two reference chemicals, Carbendazim and Phenmedipham, for the compostworm Eisenia andrei (effects of Carbendazim) and the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus (effects of Phenmedipham) in 12 Mediterranean soils with contrasting soil properties. The observed toxicity was also compared to that obtained for OECD standard soil, used as a control. Materials and methods The soils were selected to be representative for the Mediterranean region and to cover a broad range of soil properties. The evaluated endpoints were avoidance behavior and reproduction. Soils were also assembled in two groups according to their pedological properties. Results and discussion Toxicity benchmarks (AC50s) obtained for E. andrei avoidance behavior in carbendazim-contaminated soils were generally higher for sandy soils with low pH. The toxic effects on the reproduction of the compostworms were similar in the six tested soils, indicating a low influence of soil properties. The avoidance response of E. crypticus towards Phenmedipham was generally highly variable in all tested soils. Even though, a higher toxicity was observed for more acidic soils. The EC50s for reproduction of the latter species varied by a factor of 9 and Phenmedipham toxicity also tended to be increasing in soils with lower pH, except for the soils with extreme organic matter content (0.6 and 5.8%). Conclusions A soil effect on chemical toxicity was clearly confirmed, highlighting the influence that test soils can have in site-specific ecological risk assessment. Despite some relationships between soil properties and toxicity were outlined, a clear and statistically significant prediction of chemical toxicity could not be established. The range of soil properties was probably narrow to give clearer and more consistent insights on their influence. For the four groups of tests, the toxicity observed for OECD soil was either similar, lower, or generally higher if compared with Mediterranean soils. Moreover, it did represent neither the organic matter content found in Mediterranean soils nor their textural classes.
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Applying a GLM-based approach to model the influence of soil properties on the toxicity of Phenmedipham to Folsomia candida
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012Co-Authors: Xavier Domene, Sonia Chelinho, Paolo Campana, Jorg Rombke, Josep M. Alcañiz, José Paulo SousaAbstract:Purpose Soil properties are the main explanation to the different toxicities obtained in different soils due to their influence on chemical bioavailability and the test species performance itself. However, most prediction studies are centred on a few soil properties influencing bioavailability, while their direct effects on test species performance are usually neglected. In our study, we develop prediction models for the toxicity values obtained in a set of soils taking into account both the chemical concentration and their soil properties. Materials and methods The effects on the avoidance behaviour and on reproduction of the herbicide Phenmedipham to the collembolan Folsomia candida is assessed in 12 natural soils and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) artificial soil. The toxicity outcomes in different soils are compared and explanatory models are constructed by generalised linear models (GLMs) using Phenmedipham concentrations and soil properties. Results and discussion At identical Phenmedipham concentrations, the effects on reproduction and the avoidance response observed in OECD soil were similar to those observed in natural soils, while effects on survival were clearly lower in this soil. The organic matter and silt content explained differences in the avoidance behaviour in different soils; for reproduction, there was a more complex pattern involving several soil properties. Conclusions Our results highlight the need for approaches taking into account all the soil properties as a whole, as a necessary step to improve the prediction of the toxicity of particular chemicals to any particular soil.