The Experts below are selected from a list of 30933 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anthony I Jack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping Cognitive Structure onto the Landscape of Philosophical Debate: an Empirical Framework with Relevance to Problems of Consciousness, Free will and Ethics
Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Jared P Friedman, Anthony I JackAbstract:There has been considerable Debate in the literature as to whether work in experimental philosophy (X-Phi) actually makes any significant contribution to philosophy. One stated view is that many X-Phi projects, notwithstanding their focus on topics relevant to philosophy, contribute little to Philosophical thought. Instead, it has been claimed the contribution they make appears to be to cognitive science. In contrast to this view, here we argue that at least one approach to X-Phi makes a contribution which parallels, and also extends, historically salient forms of Philosophical analysis, especially contributions from Immanuel Kant, William James, Peter F. Strawson and Thomas Nagel. The framework elaborated here synthesizes Philosophical theory with empirical evidence from psychology and neuroscience and applies it to three perennial Philosophical problems. According to this account, the origin of these three problems can be illuminated by viewing them as arising from a tension between two distinct types of cognition, each of which is associated with anatomically independent and functionally inhibitory neural networks. If the parallel we draw, between an empirical project and historically highly influential examples of Philosophical analysis, is viewed as convincing, it follows that work in the cognitive sciences can contribute directly to philosophy. Further, this conclusion holds whether the empirical details of the account are correct or not.
Jared P Friedman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping Cognitive Structure onto the Landscape of Philosophical Debate: an Empirical Framework with Relevance to Problems of Consciousness, Free will and Ethics
Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Jared P Friedman, Anthony I JackAbstract:There has been considerable Debate in the literature as to whether work in experimental philosophy (X-Phi) actually makes any significant contribution to philosophy. One stated view is that many X-Phi projects, notwithstanding their focus on topics relevant to philosophy, contribute little to Philosophical thought. Instead, it has been claimed the contribution they make appears to be to cognitive science. In contrast to this view, here we argue that at least one approach to X-Phi makes a contribution which parallels, and also extends, historically salient forms of Philosophical analysis, especially contributions from Immanuel Kant, William James, Peter F. Strawson and Thomas Nagel. The framework elaborated here synthesizes Philosophical theory with empirical evidence from psychology and neuroscience and applies it to three perennial Philosophical problems. According to this account, the origin of these three problems can be illuminated by viewing them as arising from a tension between two distinct types of cognition, each of which is associated with anatomically independent and functionally inhibitory neural networks. If the parallel we draw, between an empirical project and historically highly influential examples of Philosophical analysis, is viewed as convincing, it follows that work in the cognitive sciences can contribute directly to philosophy. Further, this conclusion holds whether the empirical details of the account are correct or not.
Richard B. Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adult human stem cells as a platform for gene therapy fabricating a biological pacemaker
Discovery Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Michael R Rosen, Ira S. Cohen, Peter R Brink, Richard B. RobinsonAbstract:: Extract: Gene therapy and stem cells have become buzz words for future medical management. However, to date attempts to apply these technologies therapeutically have met with little success and, in the case of embryonic stem cells, have engendered political and Philosophical Debate. In this paper, we emphasize progress in one area of gene/stem cell therapy: the use of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs, precursor cells for tissues such as skin, bone and muscle that are found in bone marrow) as a platform for delivering genes. These cells are adult hMSCs, and therefore not subject to the restrictions placed by some societies on use of human embryonic stem cells. In addition, they can be loaded with genes using a technique known as electroporation, by which an electrical charge temporarily makes the cell membrane permeable. This technique carries none of the risks that accompany the use of viral vectors, another method of gene delivery. As an example of the utility of hMSCs as platforms for gene delivery, we will discuss the fabrication of biological pacemakers.
Shaun Gallagher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Philosophical conceptions of the self implications for cognitive science
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Shaun GallagherAbstract:Abstract Several recently developed Philosophical approaches to the self promise to enhance the exchange of ideas between the philosophy of the mind and the other cognitive sciences. This review examines two important concepts of self: the ‘minimal self', a self devoid of temporal extension, and the ‘narrative self', which involves personal identity and continuity across time. The notion of a minimal self is first clarified by drawing a distinction between the sense of self-agency and the sense of self-ownership for actions. This distinction is then explored within the neurological domain with specific reference to schizophrenia, in which the sense of self-agency may be disrupted. The convergence between the Philosophical Debate and empirical study is extended in a discussion of more primitive aspects of self and how these relate to neonatal experience and robotics. The second concept of self, the narrative self, is discussed in the light of Gazzaniga's left-hemisphere ‘interpreter' and episodic memory. Extensions of the idea of a narrative self that are consistent with neurological models are then considered. The review illustrates how the Philosophical approach can inform cognitive science and suggests that a two-way collaboration may lead to a more fully developed account of the self.
Michael R Rosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adult human stem cells as a platform for gene therapy fabricating a biological pacemaker
Discovery Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Michael R Rosen, Ira S. Cohen, Peter R Brink, Richard B. RobinsonAbstract:: Extract: Gene therapy and stem cells have become buzz words for future medical management. However, to date attempts to apply these technologies therapeutically have met with little success and, in the case of embryonic stem cells, have engendered political and Philosophical Debate. In this paper, we emphasize progress in one area of gene/stem cell therapy: the use of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs, precursor cells for tissues such as skin, bone and muscle that are found in bone marrow) as a platform for delivering genes. These cells are adult hMSCs, and therefore not subject to the restrictions placed by some societies on use of human embryonic stem cells. In addition, they can be loaded with genes using a technique known as electroporation, by which an electrical charge temporarily makes the cell membrane permeable. This technique carries none of the risks that accompany the use of viral vectors, another method of gene delivery. As an example of the utility of hMSCs as platforms for gene delivery, we will discuss the fabrication of biological pacemakers.
