The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Zheng-tao Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Two New Triterpenes from the Orchid Pholidota yunnanensis Rolfe
    Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Zheng-tao Wang
    Abstract:

    : Two novel triterpenes (1 and 2) were isolated from the orchid Pholidota yunnanensis Rolfe. Using chemical and spectral analyses (UV, IR, MS,1D-NMR and 2D-NMR), these two triterpenes were established as 25-methylenecyclopholidonyl p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (1; named pholidotine A) and 25-methylenecyclopholidonyl p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate (2; named pholidotine B). ( Managing editor: Wei WANG)

  • Studies on chemical constituents of Pholidota yunnanensis
    Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2004
    Co-Authors: Zheng-tao Wang
    Abstract:

    Objective: To investigate the chemical con stituents from Pholidota yunnanensis. Method: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the c onstituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses. Result: Seven compounds were obtained and they were identi fied by spectroscopic analysis as n-nonacosane, cyclopholidone, n-dotr iacontanoic acid, n-octacostyl ferulate, cyclopholidonol, cycloneolitsol an d β-sitosterol, respectively. Conclusion: n-octacos tyl ferulate and cycloneolitsol were isolated from genus Pholidota for the f irst time.

Hongping Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pholidota chinensis alleviates azoxymethane dextran sulfate sodium induced colorectal carcinogenesis through inhibition of tlr4 and cox 2
    African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015
    Co-Authors: Li-long Liu, Lu-mei Kang, Shu-ping Jiang, Qing-hua Wang, Lei Zhang, Shao-gui Wan, Hongping Chen
    Abstract:

    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) always progresses to colorectal cancer (CRC) which is the second most frequent cause of death by cancer. It is about 2% of population in the lifetime worldwide who at the risk for development of CRC. Oxaliplatin is an effective anticancer drug used for the treatment of advanced CRC, however, it always causes a robust painful neuropathy. Pholidota chinensis is a Chinese folk herbal medicine which was used for treatment of inflammation such as gastroenteritis, duodenal ulcer and bronchitis. In the present study, we examined the role of Pholidota chinensis in inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis which was induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. We found that Pholidota chinensis can alleviate the colon tumorigenesis. The prevention effects of Pholidota chinensis is similar to oxaliplatin. Specifically, administration of Pholidota chinensis solution suppresses the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our findings suggested that Pholidota chinensis participate in the regulation of colon cancer development through inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and COX-2.

  • Pholidota chinensis alleviates azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through inhibition of TLR4 and COX-2
    African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015
    Co-Authors: Li-long Liu, Lu-mei Kang, Shu-ping Jiang, Qing-hua Wang, Lei Zhang, Shao-gui Wan, Hongping Chen
    Abstract:

    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) always progresses to colorectal cancer (CRC) which is the second most frequent cause of death by cancer. It is about 2% of population in the lifetime worldwide who at the risk for development of CRC. Oxaliplatin is an effective anticancer drug used for the treatment of advanced CRC, however, it always causes a robust painful neuropathy. Pholidota chinensis is a Chinese folk herbal medicine which was used for treatment of inflammation such as gastroenteritis, duodenal ulcer and bronchitis. In the present study, we examined the role of Pholidota chinensis in inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis which was induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. We found that Pholidota chinensis can alleviate the colon tumorigenesis. The prevention effects of Pholidota chinensis is similar to oxaliplatin. Specifically, administration of Pholidota chinensis solution suppresses the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our findings suggested that Pholidota chinensis participate in the regulation of colon cancer development through inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and COX-2.

John R. Wible - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis
    Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2009
    Co-Authors: Timothy J. Gaudin, Robert J. Emry, John R. Wible
    Abstract:

    The present study was undertaken in order to effect a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the order Pholidota, examining seven of the eight currently recognized extant species (absent is Manis culionensis , formerly recognized as a subspecies of Manis javanica ) and nearly all the well-known fossil taxa, and employing a wide range of osteological characters from the entire skeleton. In addition, the relationship of pangolins to several putative early Tertiary relatives, including palaeanodonts and the enigmatic “edentate” Eurotamandua joresi , were investigated. The goal of the study was to improve understanding of the systematics and the biogeographic and evolutionary history of the pangolins. A computer-based cladistic analysis of phylogenetic relationships among seven extant species of pangolins, five extinct pangolin species (including all but one of the well-preserved taxa), as well as Eurotamandua and two genera of metacheiromyid palaeanodonts, Palaeanodon and Metacheiromys , was performed based upon 395 osteological characteristics of the skull and postcranial skeleton. Characters were polarized via comparison to the following successive outgroups: the basal feliform carnivoran Nandinia binotata and the hedgehog Erinaceus sp., a eulipotyphlan laursiatherian placental. A revised classification is presented based on the results of the analysis. The results support the monophyly of Pholidota and Palaeanodonta by providing new anatomical characters that can serve to diagnose a pangolin/palaeanodont clade, termed here Pholidotamorpha. Pholidota is defined so as to include all living and fossil pangolins, including all three taxa of middle Eocene “edentates” from the Messel fauna of Germany, among them Eurotamandua joresi. The results do not support the monophyly of the remaining two Messel “edentates” originally placed in the same genus Eomanis , which is restricted to the type species Eomanis waldi . Euromanis, new genus, is named with Eomanis krebsi Storch and Martin, 1994, as the type species, to form a new combination Euromanis krebsi (Storch and Martin, 1994 ). The analysis strongly supports the monophyly of a crown clade of pangolins diagnosed by many anatomical synapomorphies, the family Manidae. This crown clade is sister to the family Patriomanidae, which includes two Tertiary taxa, Patriomanis americana and Cryptomanis gobiensis, within the superfamily Manoidea. The relationship of the Tertiary European pangolin Necromanis to these two families is unresolved. Within Manidae, the extant species are divided into three well-supported, monophyletic genera, Manis for the Asian pangolins, Smutsia for the African ground pangolins, and Phataginus for the African tree pangolins. The latter two form a monophyletic African assemblage, the subfamily Smutsiinae. The biogeographic implications of this phylogeny are examined. A European origin for Pholidota is strongly indicated. The fossil record of pangolins would seem to support a European origin for the modern forms, with subsequent dispersal into sub-Saharan African and then to southern Asia, and the phylogeny produced in this analysis is consistent with such a scenario.

  • The Entotympanic of Pangolins and the Phylogeny of the Pholidota (Mammalia)
    Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 1999
    Co-Authors: Timothy J. Gaudin, John R. Wible
    Abstract:

    Entotympanics are independent elements present in the auditory bullae of various eutherians. An entotympanic has been reported for extant pangolins of the Order Pholidota, but the actual distribution of this element remains uncertain, in part, because it is a small, loosely attached structure that is often lost in macerated skulls. Consequently, it is unknown whether or not the entotympanic characterizes Pholidota primitively or has evolved within the group. This report addresses the morphology and distribution of the entotympanic among living and extinct Pholidotans. An entotympanic occurs in the African pangolins Manis gigantea , M. temminckii , and in one specimen of M. tricuspis. In each, it is a small, nodular bone that occupies a distinct fossa primarily on the basioccipital, the presence of which allows us to assess the occurrence of an entotympanic even in specimens in which the bone has fallen out. Both the entotympanic and the basioccipital facet are lacking in the four remaining extant pangolin species and in the late Eocene pangolin Patriomanis. To assess the significance of this entotympanic distribution, a phylogenetic analysis of extant pangolins plus Patriomanis based on 67 cranial characters was performed. Four different outgroup analyses all resulted in the same single most parsimonious tree, in which the three extant Asian pangolins form a monophyletic clade and the four extant African pangolins fall into a paraphyletic assemblage. Optimization of the entotympanic distribution onto this tree results in two patterns, dependent on the outgroup choice. If Patriomanis is the sole outgroup to the extant pangolins, the entotympanic arises within pangolins as a synapomorphy of Manis gigantea and M. temminckii , convergently acquired in some M. tricuspis. If Xenarthra and Palaeanodonta are employed as outgroups, the entotympanic optimization is ambiguous: the pattern is either as above or the entotympanic is present primitively within Pholidota and lost secondarily in Patriomanis and a clade comprising M. tricuspis , M. tetradactyla , and the Asian forms.

Liu Jian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Fatigue-resisting and Anoxia-resisting protective Actions of Pholidota chinensis lindl on Mice
    Journal of Gannan Medical University, 2007
    Co-Authors: Liu Jian
    Abstract:

    Objective:To study the fatigue-resisting and anoxia-resisting effect of the abstract of Pholidota chinensis lindl on mice.Methods: there are 5 kinds of anoxia models,such as:the test of the tolerance to anoxia under normal pressures,the test of the specificity myocardium under hypoxia,the test of the antagonism of sodium nitrite,and the celebral hypoxia-ischemia test,and the test on exercise tolerance in mice.Results: ① In the study of extract on the ability of hypoxia endurance at normal pressure,result showed the mice survival time at normal pressure prolonged by extracts;② In the study of the effects of extract on specific anoxic myocardium.results showed the mice survival time prolonged by extracts;③ In the study protective effects of extract on survival time after peritoneal injection NaNO2 in mice.Iintraperitoneally treated with extracts;④ In the study of the effects of extract on cerebral ischemia and hypoxia after decapitation,the gasping duration was prolonged by extracts in mice;⑤In the test on exercise tolerance in mice.The result showed the survival time of the swimming was prolonged by extracts in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Pholidota chinensis lindl.has effects of anti-fatigue,anti-hypoxia through potential mechanism of the increase of alveolar fluid clearance.

  • The Study on the Anagesic Effect of Pholidota Chinensis Lindl
    Journal of Gannan Medical College, 2002
    Co-Authors: Liu Jian
    Abstract:

    objectives:Ths study on analgesic effect of Pholidota chinensis lindl(PCL) Method:the effects were observed through the methods that caused analgesic effect in mice by hot board or by acetic acid inducing mice writhing or by the elecrtric spur.Result:the solution of PCL inhibited the activities on mice writhing induced by acetic acid and distinctly increased mice pain threshold by hot board,and by the electric spur,it showed dosage dependent effect.Conclusion:Pholidota chinensis lindl possesses the analgesic effect.

Shih-chien Chin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Use of a cytogenetic whole-genome comparison to resolve phylogenetic relationships among three species: Implications for mammalian systematics and conservation biology
    Theriogenology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Dong-jay Lee, Shih-chien Chin, Hsien-shao Tsao, Ting-li Chen, Wen-hsiang Lin, Chyi-chyang Lin, Ming Chen
    Abstract:

    The objective was to apply a novel modification of a genome-wide, comparative cytogenetic technique (comparative genomic hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)), to study species belonging to the myrmecophagous (ant/termite eating) mammalian orders/superorders (Pholidota, Tubulidentata, Carnivora, and Xenarthra), as a model for other applications in mammalian systematics and conservation biology. In this study, CGH was applied to high-quality metaphase spreads of pangolin (Pholidota), using probes of sloth and canine (Xenarthra and Carnivora, respectively) genomic DNA labeled with different fluorophores, thereby facilitating analysis of the visible color spectrum on pangolin karyotypes. Our results posited that pholidotes are closer to carnivores than to xenarthrans, which confirmed the current consensus that myrmecophagy in these mammalian lineages was more likely because of homoplasy (convergent evolution) than being an ancestral character. Since the modified CGH technique used is genome-wide, has chromosome-level resolution, and does not need full genome sequencing, it has considerable potential in systematics and other fields.

  • Molecular delineation of the Y-borne Sry gene in the Formosan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) and its phylogenetic implications for Pholidota in extant mammals.
    Theriogenology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Dong-jay Lee, Shih-chien Chin, Hsien-shao Tsao, Shu-yi Shih, Ming Chen
    Abstract:

    The systematic status of Pholidota has been a matter of debate, particularly regarding the apparent inconsistency between morphological and molecular studies. The Sry gene, a master regulator of male sex determination in eutherian mammals, has not yet been used for phylogenetic analyses of extant mammals. The objective of the present study was to clone and characterize the complete gene (1300 base pairs; bp) and amino acid sequences (229 residues) of Sry from the Formosan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla), a member of Pholidota. The Sry amino acid identity between pangolin and other reported species ranged from 42.5% (mouse, Mus musculus) to 84.1% (European hare, Lepus europaeus). Sequence conservation was primarily in the high motility group (HMG) box (234 bp), whereas homology outside the HMG box was low. The cloned Sry was mapped to the pangolin Y chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); this was confirmed to be the first Y-borne molecular marker identified in Pholidota. Based on Bayesian phylogenetic analysis for Sry HMG sequences from 36 representative taxa, including the Formosan pangolin, Pholidota was more closely related to Carnivora than to Xenarthra, consistent with the emerging molecular tree inferred from markers not located on the Y chromosome. In conclusion, this study characterized the gene structure of Sry of the Formosan pangolin and provided insights into the phylogenetic position of Pholidota.

  • Cytogenetic analysis of the formosan pangolin, Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla (Mammalia: Pholidota)
    Zoological Studies, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ming Chen, Dong-jay Lee, Shih-chien Chin, Pao-yin Wen, Li-wen Chen, Bao-tyan Wang
    Abstract:

    Wang, and Hon-Tsen Yu (2007) Cytogenetic analysis of the Formosan pangolin, Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla (Mammalia: Pholidota) Zoological Studies 46(4): 389-396. We analyzed the karyotypes of the Formosan pangolin, Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla, a subspecies of the Chinese pangolin, Manis pentadactyla. Pangolins belong to the mammalian order Pholidota and are primarily anteaters. Since eutherian Sry is highly conserved, we first conducted gene mapping of pangolin Sry by means of cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The existence of a homologous Sry gene in the pangolin Y chromosome is demonstrated. We also report karyotyping by G-banding, C-banding, and Ag-NOR staining. The 2N and FN numbers of the Formosan pangolin are 40 and 70, respectively, which agree with the numbers reported for the subspecies Manis pentadactyla aurita from the Asian mainland. However, we found 2 or 4 nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the Formosan pangolin, whereas the Chinese pangolin has 3 or 4. An ideogram for this species is proposed. http://zoolstud.sincica.edu.tw/Journals/46.4/389.pdf

  • Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota, Manis spp.)
    Molecular Ecology Notes, 2006
    Co-Authors: Shu-jin Luo, Shih-chien Chin, Philippe Gaubert, Qing-xiu Cai, Victor A. David, Li Zhang, Paolo Martelli, Norman T.-l. Lim, Nuno Ferrand, Maria J. Ramos
    Abstract:

    Thirty-four polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci were developed in the Malayan pangolin Manis javanica. Of the 34 markers, 32 and 18 were also amplified, respectively, in the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and the African tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). Analysis of 24 Malayan, 12 Chinese and 2 African tree pangolins showed high levels of variability (heterozygosity ranging from 0.321 to 0.708). These are the first available microsatellite markers in Pholidota and will be an invaluable tool for evolutionary and conservation genetic studies in pangolins.