The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Usha Goswami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of spelling consistency on Phonological awareness a comparison of english and german
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Usha Goswami, Ulla Richardson, Johannes C ZieglerAbstract:Within alphabetic languages, spelling-to-sound consistency can differ dramatically. For example, English and German are very similar in their Phonological and orthographic structure but not in their consistency. In English the letter a is pronounced differently in the words bank, ball, and park, whereas in German the letter a always has the same pronunciation (e.g., Ball, Park, Bank). It is often argued that reading acquisition has a reciprocal effect on Phonological awareness. As reading is acquired, therefore, spoken language Representation may be affected differently for English and German children. Prior to literacy acquisition, however, Phonological Representation in English and German children should be similar due to the similar Phonological structure of the two languages. We explored this hypothesis by comparing Phonological awareness at the rime and phoneme levels in prereaders and beginning readers in English and German. Similar developmental effects were indeed observed in prereaders, but differential effects had emerged within the first year of reading instruction.
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auditory processing skills and Phonological Representation in dyslexic children
Dyslexia, 2004Co-Authors: Ulla Richardson, Jennifer M Thomson, Sophie K Scott, Usha GoswamiAbstract:It is now well-established that there is a causal connection between children's Phonological skills and their acquisition of reading and spelling. Here we study low-level auditory processes that may underpin the development of Phonological Representations in children. Dyslexic and control children were given a battery of Phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. Potential relations between deficits in dyslexic performance in the auditory processing tasks and Phonological awareness were explored. It was found that individual differences in auditory tasks requiring amplitude envelope rise time processing explained significant variance in Phonological processing. It is argued that developmentally, amplitude envelope cues may be primary in establishing well-specified Phonological Representations, as these cues should yield important rhythmic and syllable-level information about speech. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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phonology reading development and dyslexia a cross linguistic perspective
Annals of Dyslexia, 2002Co-Authors: Usha GoswamiAbstract:In this paper, I present a theoretical overview at the cognitive level of the role of Phonological awareness in reading development and developmental dyslexia across languages. My assumption is that the primary deficit in developmental dyslexia in all languages lies in representing speech sounds: a deficit in “Phonological Representation.” I will argue that this deficit manifests in somewhat different ways, depending on orthography. I will also argue that the Phonological deficit in dyslexia is initially at the syllable and onset-rime levels of Phonological awareness, with the development of “phonemic” awareness being a consequence rather than a precursor of reading. Finally, I will suggest that some of the processes underpinning language acquisition are disrupted in dyslexia, in particular, the detection of rhythm in speech.
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Phonological awareness deficits in developmental dyslexia and the Phonological Representations hypothesis
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1997Co-Authors: Denise Swan, Usha GoswamiAbstract:The claim that the well-documented difficulties shown by dyslexic children in Phonological awareness tasks may arise from deficits in the accuracy and the segmental organization of the Phonological Representations of words in their mental lexicons is receiving increasing interest from researchers. In this experiment, two versions of the Phonological Representations hypothesis were investigated by using a picture naming task and a battery of Phonological measures at three linguistic levels (syllable, onset-rime, phoneme). The picture naming task was used to identify words for which dyslexic and control children had accurate vs inaccurate Phonological Representations, and performance in the Phonological awareness tasks was then compared for the words which had precise vs imprecise Representations. Findings indicated that frequency effects in the Phonological awareness tasks at all levels disappeared for dyslexic and control children once Representational quality was taken into account, and that the availability of sublexical units for analysis appeared to differ according to (1) the accuracy and retrieval of the Phonological Representation and (2) the linguistic level tapped by the Phonological awareness task.
Fanny Meunier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decomposability and mental Representation of french verbs
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo Lopez Estivalet, Fanny MeunierAbstract:In French, regardless of stem regularity, inflectional verbal suffixes are extremely regular and paradigmatic. Considering the complexity of the French verbal system, we argue that all French verbs are polymorphemic forms that are decomposed during visual recognition independently of their stem regularity. We conducted a behavioural experiment in which we manipulated the surface and cumulative frequencies of verbal inflected forms and asked participants to perform a visual lexical decision task. We tested four types of verbs with respect to their stem variants: a. fully regular (parler ‘to speak’, [parl-]); b. Phonological change e/E verbs with orthographic markers (repeter ‘to repeat’, [repet-] and [repet-]); c. Phonological change o/O verbs without orthographic markers (adorer ‘to adore’, [ador-] and [adOr-]); and d. idiosyncratic (boire ‘to drink’, [boi-] and [buv-]). For each type of verb, we contrasted four conditions, forms with high and low surface frequencies and forms with high and low cumulative frequencies. Our results showed a significant cumulative frequency effect for the fully regular and idiosyncratic verbs, indicating that different stems within idiosyncratic verbs (such as [boi-] and [buv-]) have distinct Representations in the mental lexicon as different fully regular verbs. For the Phonological change verbs, we found a significant cumulative frequency effect only when considering the two forms of the stem together ([repet-] and [repet-]), suggesting that they share a single abstract and underspecified Phonological Representation. Our results also revealed a significant surface frequency effect for all types of verbs, which may reflect the recombination of the stem lexical Representation with the functional information of the suffixes. Overall, these results indicate that all inflected verbal forms in French are decomposed during visual recognition and that this process could be due to the regularities of the French inflectional verbal suffixes.
Ulla Richardson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of spelling consistency on Phonological awareness a comparison of english and german
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Usha Goswami, Ulla Richardson, Johannes C ZieglerAbstract:Within alphabetic languages, spelling-to-sound consistency can differ dramatically. For example, English and German are very similar in their Phonological and orthographic structure but not in their consistency. In English the letter a is pronounced differently in the words bank, ball, and park, whereas in German the letter a always has the same pronunciation (e.g., Ball, Park, Bank). It is often argued that reading acquisition has a reciprocal effect on Phonological awareness. As reading is acquired, therefore, spoken language Representation may be affected differently for English and German children. Prior to literacy acquisition, however, Phonological Representation in English and German children should be similar due to the similar Phonological structure of the two languages. We explored this hypothesis by comparing Phonological awareness at the rime and phoneme levels in prereaders and beginning readers in English and German. Similar developmental effects were indeed observed in prereaders, but differential effects had emerged within the first year of reading instruction.
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auditory processing skills and Phonological Representation in dyslexic children
Dyslexia, 2004Co-Authors: Ulla Richardson, Jennifer M Thomson, Sophie K Scott, Usha GoswamiAbstract:It is now well-established that there is a causal connection between children's Phonological skills and their acquisition of reading and spelling. Here we study low-level auditory processes that may underpin the development of Phonological Representations in children. Dyslexic and control children were given a battery of Phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. Potential relations between deficits in dyslexic performance in the auditory processing tasks and Phonological awareness were explored. It was found that individual differences in auditory tasks requiring amplitude envelope rise time processing explained significant variance in Phonological processing. It is argued that developmentally, amplitude envelope cues may be primary in establishing well-specified Phonological Representations, as these cues should yield important rhythmic and syllable-level information about speech. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Albrecht W Inhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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visual word recognition is accompanied by covert articulation evidence for a speech like Phonological Representation
Psychological Research-psychologische Forschung, 2008Co-Authors: Brianna M Eiter, Albrecht W InhoffAbstract:Two lexical decision task (LDT) experiments examined whether visual word recognition involves the use of a speech-like Phonological code that may be generated via covert articulation. In Experiment 1, each visual item was presented with an irrelevant spoken word (ISW) that was either Phonologically identical, similar, or dissimilar to it. An ISW delayed classification of a visual word when the two were Phonologically similar, and it delayed the classification of a pseudoword when it was identical to the base word from which the pseudoword was derived. In Experiment 2, a LDT was performed with and without articulatory suppression, and pseudowords consisted of regular pseudowords and pseudohomophones. Articulatory suppression decreased sound-specific ISW effects for words and regular pseudowords but not for pseudohomophones. These findings indicate that the processing of an orthographically legal letter sequence generally involves the specification of more than one sound code, one of which involves covert articulation.
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Phonological Representation of words in working memory during sentence reading
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2004Co-Authors: Albrecht W Inhoff, Cynthia M. Connine, Brianna M Eiter, Ralph Radach, Dieter HellerAbstract:The temporal dynamics of a visual target word’s Phonological Representation was examined by presentation of an irrelevant spoken companion word when the participant’s eyes reached the target’s location during sentence reading. The spoken word was identical, similar, or dissimilar to the Phonological specification of the visual target. All spoken words increased the time spent viewing the target, with larger effects in thesimilar anddissimilar spoken word conditions than in theidentical condition. The reading of posttarget text was disrupted when the spoken word was similar but not when it was identical or dissimilar to the target. Phonological interference indicates that a word’s Phonological Representation remains active after it has been identified during sentence reading.
Gustavo Lopez Estivalet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decomposability and mental Representation of french verbs
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo Lopez Estivalet, Fanny MeunierAbstract:In French, regardless of stem regularity, inflectional verbal suffixes are extremely regular and paradigmatic. Considering the complexity of the French verbal system, we argue that all French verbs are polymorphemic forms that are decomposed during visual recognition independently of their stem regularity. We conducted a behavioural experiment in which we manipulated the surface and cumulative frequencies of verbal inflected forms and asked participants to perform a visual lexical decision task. We tested four types of verbs with respect to their stem variants: a. fully regular (parler ‘to speak’, [parl-]); b. Phonological change e/E verbs with orthographic markers (repeter ‘to repeat’, [repet-] and [repet-]); c. Phonological change o/O verbs without orthographic markers (adorer ‘to adore’, [ador-] and [adOr-]); and d. idiosyncratic (boire ‘to drink’, [boi-] and [buv-]). For each type of verb, we contrasted four conditions, forms with high and low surface frequencies and forms with high and low cumulative frequencies. Our results showed a significant cumulative frequency effect for the fully regular and idiosyncratic verbs, indicating that different stems within idiosyncratic verbs (such as [boi-] and [buv-]) have distinct Representations in the mental lexicon as different fully regular verbs. For the Phonological change verbs, we found a significant cumulative frequency effect only when considering the two forms of the stem together ([repet-] and [repet-]), suggesting that they share a single abstract and underspecified Phonological Representation. Our results also revealed a significant surface frequency effect for all types of verbs, which may reflect the recombination of the stem lexical Representation with the functional information of the suffixes. Overall, these results indicate that all inflected verbal forms in French are decomposed during visual recognition and that this process could be due to the regularities of the French inflectional verbal suffixes.
