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James B Mcclintock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of chronic inOrganic and Organic Phosphate exposure on bactericidal activity of the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin lytechinus variegatus lamarck echinodermata echinoidea
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Anne S Bottger, James B McclintockAbstract:Abstract The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus can survive chronic exposure to sodium Phosphate (inOrganic Phosphate) concentrations as high as 3.2 mg L− 1, and triethyl Phosphate (Organic Phosphate) concentrations of 1000 mg L− 1. However, chronic exposure to low (0.8 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 10 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate), medium (1.6 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 100 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate) or high (3.2 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 1000 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate) sublethal concentrations of these Phosphates inhibit bactericidal clearance of the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Bacteria were exposed to coelomic fluid collected from individuals maintained in either artificial seawater, or three concentrations of either inOrganic Phosphate or Organic Phosphate. Sterile marine broth, natural seawater and cell free coelomic fluid (cfCF) were employed as controls. Bacterial survival indices were measured at 0, 24 and 48 h periods once a week for four weeks. Bacteria were readily eliminated from the whole coelomic fluid (wCF) of individuals maintained in artificial seawater. Individuals maintained in inOrganic Phosphates were able to clear bacteria following a two week exposure period, while individuals maintained at even low concentrations of Organic Phosphates failed to clear all bacteria from their coelomic fluid. Exposure to Phosphates represses antimicrobial defenses and may ultimately compromise survival of L. variegatus in the nearshore environment.
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effects of inOrganic and Organic Phosphates on feeding feeding absorption nutrient allocation growth and righting responses of the sea urchin lytechinus variegatus
Marine Biology, 2001Co-Authors: S A Bottger, James B Mcclintock, Thomas S KlingerAbstract:The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is capable of surviving chronic exposure to sodium Phosphate (inOrganic Phosphate) concentrations as high as 3.2 mg l−1, and triethyl Phosphate (Organic Phosphate) concentrations of 1,000 mg l−1. However, chronic exposure to low (0.8 mg l−1 inOrganic and 10 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate), medium (1.6 mg l−1 inOrganic and 100 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) or high (3.2 mg l−1 inOrganic and 1,000 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) sublethal concentrations of these Phosphates inhibits feeding, fecal production, nutrient absorption and allocation, growth and righting behavior. Food consumption and fecal production declined significantly in individuals exposed to medium and high concentrations of inOrganic Phosphates and all levels of Organic Phosphates. Feeding absorption efficiencies for total Organics and carbohydrates decreased significantly in individuals held in the highest concentration of Organic Phosphate. Feeding absorption efficiencies for lipids were significantly reduced in the highest inOrganic Phosphate concentration only, while they decreased significantly for protein with increasing Phosphate exposure. Carbohydrate and lipid levels in gonad and gut tissues decreased significantly with exposure to increasing Phosphate concentrations, potentially impairing both gametogenesis and nutrient storage in the gut. Moreover, gonad indices significantly decreased in individuals exposed to the highest concentrations of either Phosphate. Growth rates decreased significantly under the influence of all Phosphate concentrations, while increasing in seawater alone. Individuals exposed to increasing Phosphate concentrations showed reduced righting responses (a measure of stress) and no acclimation in righting times during chronic exposure to Phosphates over a 4 week period. These findings indicate that shallow-water populations of L. variegatus subjected to inOrganic and Organic Phosphate pollutants will exhibit stress and be inhibited in their growth and performance due to reductions in feeding, nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients to key somatic and reproductive tissues.
Thomas S Klinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of inOrganic and Organic Phosphates on feeding feeding absorption nutrient allocation growth and righting responses of the sea urchin lytechinus variegatus
Marine Biology, 2001Co-Authors: S A Bottger, James B Mcclintock, Thomas S KlingerAbstract:The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is capable of surviving chronic exposure to sodium Phosphate (inOrganic Phosphate) concentrations as high as 3.2 mg l−1, and triethyl Phosphate (Organic Phosphate) concentrations of 1,000 mg l−1. However, chronic exposure to low (0.8 mg l−1 inOrganic and 10 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate), medium (1.6 mg l−1 inOrganic and 100 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) or high (3.2 mg l−1 inOrganic and 1,000 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) sublethal concentrations of these Phosphates inhibits feeding, fecal production, nutrient absorption and allocation, growth and righting behavior. Food consumption and fecal production declined significantly in individuals exposed to medium and high concentrations of inOrganic Phosphates and all levels of Organic Phosphates. Feeding absorption efficiencies for total Organics and carbohydrates decreased significantly in individuals held in the highest concentration of Organic Phosphate. Feeding absorption efficiencies for lipids were significantly reduced in the highest inOrganic Phosphate concentration only, while they decreased significantly for protein with increasing Phosphate exposure. Carbohydrate and lipid levels in gonad and gut tissues decreased significantly with exposure to increasing Phosphate concentrations, potentially impairing both gametogenesis and nutrient storage in the gut. Moreover, gonad indices significantly decreased in individuals exposed to the highest concentrations of either Phosphate. Growth rates decreased significantly under the influence of all Phosphate concentrations, while increasing in seawater alone. Individuals exposed to increasing Phosphate concentrations showed reduced righting responses (a measure of stress) and no acclimation in righting times during chronic exposure to Phosphates over a 4 week period. These findings indicate that shallow-water populations of L. variegatus subjected to inOrganic and Organic Phosphate pollutants will exhibit stress and be inhibited in their growth and performance due to reductions in feeding, nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients to key somatic and reproductive tissues.
S A Bottger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of inOrganic and Organic Phosphates on feeding feeding absorption nutrient allocation growth and righting responses of the sea urchin lytechinus variegatus
Marine Biology, 2001Co-Authors: S A Bottger, James B Mcclintock, Thomas S KlingerAbstract:The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is capable of surviving chronic exposure to sodium Phosphate (inOrganic Phosphate) concentrations as high as 3.2 mg l−1, and triethyl Phosphate (Organic Phosphate) concentrations of 1,000 mg l−1. However, chronic exposure to low (0.8 mg l−1 inOrganic and 10 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate), medium (1.6 mg l−1 inOrganic and 100 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) or high (3.2 mg l−1 inOrganic and 1,000 mg l−1 Organic Phosphate) sublethal concentrations of these Phosphates inhibits feeding, fecal production, nutrient absorption and allocation, growth and righting behavior. Food consumption and fecal production declined significantly in individuals exposed to medium and high concentrations of inOrganic Phosphates and all levels of Organic Phosphates. Feeding absorption efficiencies for total Organics and carbohydrates decreased significantly in individuals held in the highest concentration of Organic Phosphate. Feeding absorption efficiencies for lipids were significantly reduced in the highest inOrganic Phosphate concentration only, while they decreased significantly for protein with increasing Phosphate exposure. Carbohydrate and lipid levels in gonad and gut tissues decreased significantly with exposure to increasing Phosphate concentrations, potentially impairing both gametogenesis and nutrient storage in the gut. Moreover, gonad indices significantly decreased in individuals exposed to the highest concentrations of either Phosphate. Growth rates decreased significantly under the influence of all Phosphate concentrations, while increasing in seawater alone. Individuals exposed to increasing Phosphate concentrations showed reduced righting responses (a measure of stress) and no acclimation in righting times during chronic exposure to Phosphates over a 4 week period. These findings indicate that shallow-water populations of L. variegatus subjected to inOrganic and Organic Phosphate pollutants will exhibit stress and be inhibited in their growth and performance due to reductions in feeding, nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients to key somatic and reproductive tissues.
Anne S Bottger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of chronic inOrganic and Organic Phosphate exposure on bactericidal activity of the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin lytechinus variegatus lamarck echinodermata echinoidea
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Anne S Bottger, James B McclintockAbstract:Abstract The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus can survive chronic exposure to sodium Phosphate (inOrganic Phosphate) concentrations as high as 3.2 mg L− 1, and triethyl Phosphate (Organic Phosphate) concentrations of 1000 mg L− 1. However, chronic exposure to low (0.8 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 10 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate), medium (1.6 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 100 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate) or high (3.2 mg L− 1 inOrganic and 1000 mg L− 1 Organic Phosphate) sublethal concentrations of these Phosphates inhibit bactericidal clearance of the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Bacteria were exposed to coelomic fluid collected from individuals maintained in either artificial seawater, or three concentrations of either inOrganic Phosphate or Organic Phosphate. Sterile marine broth, natural seawater and cell free coelomic fluid (cfCF) were employed as controls. Bacterial survival indices were measured at 0, 24 and 48 h periods once a week for four weeks. Bacteria were readily eliminated from the whole coelomic fluid (wCF) of individuals maintained in artificial seawater. Individuals maintained in inOrganic Phosphates were able to clear bacteria following a two week exposure period, while individuals maintained at even low concentrations of Organic Phosphates failed to clear all bacteria from their coelomic fluid. Exposure to Phosphates represses antimicrobial defenses and may ultimately compromise survival of L. variegatus in the nearshore environment.
Jo Shu Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perspectives on the feasibility of using microalgae for industrial wastewater treatment
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Yue Wang, Wan Qian Guo, Nan Qi Ren, Duu-jong Lee, Shih-hsin Ho, Dillirani Nagarajan, Chieh Lun Cheng, Jo Shu ChangAbstract:Although microalgae can serve as an appropriate alternative feedstock for biofuel production, the high microalgal cultivation cost has been a major obstacle for commercializing such attempts. One of the feasible solution for cost reduction is to couple microalgal biofuel production system with wastewater treatment, as microalgae are known to effectively eliminate a variety of nutrients/pollutants in wastewater, such as nitrogen/Phosphate, Organic carbons, VFAs, pharmaceutical compounds, textile dye compounds, and heavy metals. This review aims to critically discuss the feasibility of microalgae-based wastewater treatment, including the strategies for strain selection, the effect of wastewater types, photobioreactor design, economic feasibility assessment, and other key issues that influence the treatment performance. The potential of microalgae-bacteria consortium for treatment of industrial wastewaters is also discussed. This review provides useful information for developing an integrated wastewater treatment with microalgal biomass and biofuel production facilities and establishing efficient co-cultivation for microalgae and bacteria in such systems.