The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gary J Calton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An ultrastructural study of the cytotoxic effect of the venoms from the sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Portugese man-of-war (physalia Physalis) on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells
Toxicon, 2002Co-Authors: Ishak Neeman, Gary J Calton, Burnett JwAbstract:Abstract The sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Portugese man-o'war (Physalia Physalis) venoms induced changes on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells consisting of nuclear alterations (multi-nucleated cells, multiple nucleoli in the nucleus and a loss of peripheral chromatin) and dissolution of intercellular collagen. It is hypothesized that these changes are a result of the collagenase, protease and lectin-like activities of the venoms.
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Immunochromatography and cardiotoxicity of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) polyps and cysts.
Toxicon, 2002Co-Authors: C.erik Olson, David G. Cargo, Gary J Calton, Joseph W BurnettAbstract:Abstract The cardiotoxicity and polypeptide content of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) polyps and cysts were studied. Crude polyp preparations were lethal to mice. Both crude polyp and cyst preparations were toxic to embryonic chick cardiocytes. The polyp cardiotoxin factor was purified ten-fold by immunosorbent chromatography using anti-sea nettle or anti-man-o'war (Physalia Physalis) monoclonal antibodies. Even though the polyps were incubated at a constant temperature, it appeared that there was an inverse relationship between the presence of proteins of 160,000 and 55,000 mol. wt as winter progressed.
Burnett Jw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An ultrastructural study of the cytotoxic effect of the venoms from the sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Portugese man-of-war (physalia Physalis) on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells
Toxicon, 2002Co-Authors: Ishak Neeman, Gary J Calton, Burnett JwAbstract:Abstract The sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Portugese man-o'war (Physalia Physalis) venoms induced changes on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells consisting of nuclear alterations (multi-nucleated cells, multiple nucleoli in the nucleus and a loss of peripheral chromatin) and dissolution of intercellular collagen. It is hypothesized that these changes are a result of the collagenase, protease and lectin-like activities of the venoms.
Joseph W Burnett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Immunochromatography and cardiotoxicity of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) polyps and cysts.
Toxicon, 2002Co-Authors: C.erik Olson, David G. Cargo, Gary J Calton, Joseph W BurnettAbstract:Abstract The cardiotoxicity and polypeptide content of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) polyps and cysts were studied. Crude polyp preparations were lethal to mice. Both crude polyp and cyst preparations were toxic to embryonic chick cardiocytes. The polyp cardiotoxin factor was purified ten-fold by immunosorbent chromatography using anti-sea nettle or anti-man-o'war (Physalia Physalis) monoclonal antibodies. Even though the polyps were incubated at a constant temperature, it appeared that there was an inverse relationship between the presence of proteins of 160,000 and 55,000 mol. wt as winter progressed.
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serious physalia portuguese man o war stings implications for scuba divers
Journal of Wilderness Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Joseph W Burnett, Peter J Fenner, F Kokelj, John A WilliamsonAbstract:The objective of this study was to describe a serious jellyfish envenomation in a scuba diver by an Atlantic Physalia Physalis , to review the related literature and to recommend safe diving practices that may reduce the risk of serious jellyfish envenomation in divers. A healthy scuba diving instructor wearing a full wetsuit and gloves but no hood ascended from a night dive and surfaced directly under a large Atlantic Physalia jellyfish. He suffered multiple severe stings to the unprotected areas of his face and neck. He developed acute subjective respiratory distress with hyperventilation, muscle pain and spasms, and impaired consciousness en route to hospital, more than 10 min following envenomation. He recovered quickly in hospital with oxygen, aminophylline and intravenous fluid administration. Delayed recovery of the envenomated skin took several weeks and serology was positive for Physalia venom antibodies. Full protective clothing (e.g. a full, long sleeved wetsuit, plus gloves and hood when appropriate) should be worn by scuba divers on all dives. Ascent routines in diving should include looking directly upwards at the surface with one wetsuited arm outstretched towards the surface throughout the ascent. Removal of tentacles should not be attempted by the diver until he or she has exited from the water.
Fred Gould - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioral adaptations increase the value of enemy free space for heliothis subflexa a specialist herbivore
Evolution, 2002Co-Authors: Sara J. Oppenheim, Fred GouldAbstract:We investigated the importance of specialized behaviors in the use of enemy-free space by comparing the host-use behavior of two closely related moths, Heliothis subflexa Guenee and H. virescens Fabricius. Heliothis subflexa is a specialist on plants in the genus Physalis, whereas H. virescens is an extreme generalist, feeding on plants in at least 14 families. Heliothis subflexa uses the inflated calyx surrounding Physalis fruits as enemy-free space, and field rates of parasitism for H. subflexa on Physalis are much lower than for H. virescens on tobacco and cotton, common hosts found in the same habitat as Physalis. If Physalis, architecture were solely responsible for H. subflexa's low rates of parasitism on Physalis, we predicted that H. virescens larvae experimentally induced to feed on Physalis would experience parasitism rates similar to those of H. subflexa. We found, however, that specialized host-use and host-acceptance behaviors are integral to the use of enemy-free space on Physalis and strongly augment the effects of the structural refuge. In laboratory assays, we found considerable differences between the larval behavior of the specialist. H. subflexa, and the generalist, H. virescens, and these contributed to H. subflexa's superior use of enemy-free space on Physalis. We tested the importance of these behavioral differences in the field by comparing parasitism of H. virescens on Physalis, H. virescens on tobacco, and H. subflexa on Physalis by Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick, a specialist braconid parasitoid. For H. virescens, a threefold decrease in parasitism occurred when feeding on Physalis (mean parasitism +/- SEM = 13 +/- 4%) rather than tobacco (43 +/- 4%), a difference we attribute to the structural refuge provided by Physalis. However, parasitism of H. virescens on Physalis was more than ten times as great as that of H. subflexa on Pliv.salis (1 +/- 4%), supporting the hypothesis that specialized behaviors have a substantial impact on use of Physalis as enemy-free space. Behavioral adaptations may be central to the use of enemy-free space by phytophagous insects and may act as an important selective force in the evolution of dietary specialization.
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BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS INCREASE THE VALUE OF ENEMY‐FREE SPACE FOR HELIOTHIS SUBFLEXA, A SPECIALIST HERBIVORE
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2002Co-Authors: Sara J. Oppenheim, Fred GouldAbstract:We investigated the importance of specialized behaviors in the use of enemy-free space by comparing the host-use behavior of two closely related moths, Heliothis subflexa Guenee and H. virescens Fabricius. Heliothis subflexa is a specialist on plants in the genus Physalis, whereas H. virescens is an extreme generalist, feeding on plants in at least 14 families. Heliothis subflexa uses the inflated calyx surrounding Physalis fruits as enemy-free space, and field rates of parasitism for H. subflexa on Physalis are much lower than for H. virescens on tobacco and cotton, common hosts found in the same habitat as Physalis. If Physalis, architecture were solely responsible for H. subflexa's low rates of parasitism on Physalis, we predicted that H. virescens larvae experimentally induced to feed on Physalis would experience parasitism rates similar to those of H. subflexa. We found, however, that specialized host-use and host-acceptance behaviors are integral to the use of enemy-free space on Physalis and strongly augment the effects of the structural refuge. In laboratory assays, we found considerable differences between the larval behavior of the specialist. H. subflexa, and the generalist, H. virescens, and these contributed to H. subflexa's superior use of enemy-free space on Physalis. We tested the importance of these behavioral differences in the field by comparing parasitism of H. virescens on Physalis, H. virescens on tobacco, and H. subflexa on Physalis by Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick, a specialist braconid parasitoid. For H. virescens, a threefold decrease in parasitism occurred when feeding on Physalis (mean parasitism +/- SEM = 13 +/- 4%) rather than tobacco (43 +/- 4%), a difference we attribute to the structural refuge provided by Physalis. However, parasitism of H. virescens on Physalis was more than ten times as great as that of H. subflexa on Pliv.salis (1 +/- 4%), supporting the hypothesis that specialized behaviors have a substantial impact on use of Physalis as enemy-free space. Behavioral adaptations may be central to the use of enemy-free space by phytophagous insects and may act as an important selective force in the evolution of dietary specialization.
Tao Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physalis alkekengi l var franchetii mast makino an ethnomedical phytochemical and pharmacological review
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Bangjiao Chen, Mingxing Zhou, Dongmei Ren, Hongxiang Lou, Xiaoning Wang, Tao ShenAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (Physalis Calyx seu Fructus), have been widely used in traditional and indigenous Chinese medicines for the therapy of cough, excessive phlegm, pharyngitis, sore throat, dysuria, pemphigus, eczema, and jaundice with a long history. Aim of the review The present review aims to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date investigation in ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of P. alkekengi var. franchetii, particularly its calyxes and fruits. Through analysis of these findings, evidences supporting their applications in ethnomedicines are illustrated. Possible perspectives and opportunities for the future research are analyzed to highlight the gaps in our knowledge that deserves further investigation. Material and Methods Information on P. alkekengi var. franchetii was collected via electronic search of major scientific databases (e.g. Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Wiley online and China Knowledge Resource Integrated) for publications on this medicinal plant. Information was also obtained from local classic herbal literature on ethnopharmacology. Results About 124 chemical ingredients have been characterized from different parts of this plant. Steroids (particularly physalins) and flavonoids are the major characteristic and bioactive constituents. The crude extracts and the isolated compounds have demonstrated various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, antimicrobial activity, diuretic effect, anti-diabetes, anti-asthma, immunomodulation, and anti-oxidation. Conclusions P. alkekengi var. franchetii is an important medicinal plant for the ethnomedical therapy of microbial infection, inflammation, and respiratory diseases (e.g. cough, excessive phlegm, pharyngitis). Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of this plant definitely increased in the past half century. The chemical profiles, including ingredients and structures, have been adequately verified. Modern pharmacological studies supported its uses in the traditional and folk medicines, however, the molecular mechanisms of purified compounds remained unclear and were worth of further exploration. Therefore, the researchers should be paid more attention to a better utilization of this plant.