The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Neil B Guterman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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examining the effectiveness of home based parent aide services to reduce risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect six month findings from a randomized clinical trial
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2013Co-Authors: Neil B Guterman, Catherine A Taylor, Jiyoung Kim Tabone, George M Bryan, Cynthia Napoleonhanger, Aaron BanmanAbstract:Abstract Objective This study set out to carry out a feasible, real-world, randomized clinical trial to examine the benefits of home-based paraprofessional parent aide services in reducing Physical Abuse and neglect risk in high-risk parents. Methods Families were randomly assigned to receive either parent aide plus case management services (n = 73) or case management services only (n = 65), collecting in-home data on Physical Child Abuse and neglect and proximal risk and protective factors, just prior to service initiation, and again after six months of services. Results Mothers receiving parent aide and case management services reported significant improvements from baseline to six-month follow-up in self-reported indicators of Physical Child Abuse risk, as well as improvements on parental stress, mastery, depression, and anxiety, whereas mothers receiving only case management services did not. The slopes of such observed changes across groups, however, were not found to be statistically significantly different. No discernable improvements were found with regard to indicators of risk for Child neglect. Conclusions As the first randomized clinical trial examining the effectiveness of parent aide services, this study provides the first controlled evidence examining the potential benefits of this service modality. This study suggests promising trends regarding the benefit of parent aide services with respect to Physical Child Abuse risk reduction and related predictors, but evidence does not appear to suggest that such services, as they are presently delivered, reduce Child neglect. Practice implications These findings support the continued use of parent aide services in cases of Physical Child Abuse and also suggest careful consideration of the ways such services may be better configured to extend their impact, particularly with respect to Child neglect risk.
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parental perceptions of neighborhood processes stress personal control and risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2009Co-Authors: Neil B Guterman, Shawna J Lee, Catherine A Taylor, Paul J RathouzAbstract:Objective: This study set out to examine whether mothers’ individual perceptions of their neighborhood social processes predict their risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect directly and/or indirectly via pathways involving parents’ reported stress and sense of personal control in the parenting role. Methods: In-home and phone interview data were examined cross-sectionally from a national birth cohort sample of 3,356 mothers across 20 US cities when the index Child was 3 years of age. Mothers’ perceptions of neighborhood social processes, parenting stress, and personal control were examined as predictors, and three subscales of the Parent-To-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-PC) were employed as proxies of Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test direct and indirect pathways (via parenting stress and control) from perceived neighborhood processes to proxy measures of Physical Child Abuse and neglect. Multiple group SEM was conducted to test for differences across major ethnic groups: African American, Hispanic, and White. Results: Although perceived negative neighborhood processes had only a mild direct role in predicting risk for Physical Child Abuse, and no direct role on Child neglect, these perceptions had a discernable indirect role in predicting risk via parenting stress and personal control pathways. Parenting stress exerted the clearest direct role on both Physical Abuse and neglect risk. This predictor model did not significantly differ across ethnic groups. Conclusions: Although neighborhood conditions may not play a clear directly observable role on Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk, the indirect role they play underscores the importance of parents’ perceptions of their neighborhoods, and especially the role they play via parents’ reported stress and personal control. Practice implications: Such findings suggest that targeting parents’ sense of control and stress in relation to their immediate social environment holds particular potential to reduce Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk. Addressing parents’ perceptions of their neighborhood challenges may serve to reduce parenting risk via improving parents’ felt control and stress.
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fathers and maternal risk for Physical Child Abuse
Child Maltreatment, 2009Co-Authors: Neil B Guterman, Yookyong Lee, Shawna J Lee, Jane Waldfogel, Paul J RathouzAbstract:This study set out to examine father-related factors predicting maternal Physical Child Abuse risk in a national birth cohort of 1,480 families. In-home and phone interviews were conducted with mothers when index Children were 3 years old. Predictor variables included the mother–father relationship status; father demographic, economic, and psychosocial variables; and key background factors. Outcome variables included both observed and self-reported proxies of maternal Physical Child Abuse risk. At the bivariate level, mothers married to fathers were at lower risk for most indicators of maternal Physical Child Abuse. However, after accounting for specific fathering factors and controlling for background variables, multivariate analyses indicated that marriage washed out as a protective factor, and on two of three indicators was linked with greater maternal Physical Abuse risk. Regarding fathering factors linked with risk, fathers’ higher educational attainment and their positive involvement with their Children most discernibly predicted lower maternal Physical Child Abuse risk. Fathers’ economic factors played no observable role in mothers’ risk for Physical Child maltreatment. Such multivariate findings suggest that marriage per se does not appear to be a protective factor for maternal Physical Child Abuse and rather it may serve as a proxy for other father-related protective factors.
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fathers Physical Child Abuse and neglect advancing the knowledge base
Child Maltreatment, 2009Co-Authors: Shawna J Lee, Jennifer L Bellamy, Neil B GutermanAbstract:Fathers are overrepresented as perpetrators of Physical Child maltreatment, particularly in its most severe forms. Despite this, the research literature continues to lack specificity regarding the role fathers play in risk for Physical Child Abuse or neglect (PCAN). Furthermore, although fathers have received more attention with respect to Child sexual Abuse and its treatment, their influence has been largely disregarded in many intervention efforts to reduce PCAN. Inadequate attention to the role of fathers, both in research and practice, has numerous problematic implications for the prevention of Child maltreatment. The goal of this special issue is to disseminate new research that examines fathers' roles by focusing on multiple fathering factors that may directly and indirectly shape both maternal and paternal risk of engaging in PCAN. In the introduction to the special issue, we highlight key questions in the research literature and present our perspective on how the articles included in this special issue address some of these gaps.
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risk factors for paternal Physical Child Abuse
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2008Co-Authors: Shawna J Lee, Neil B Guterman, Yookyong LeeAbstract:Abstract Objective This study uses the developmental–ecological framework to examine a comprehensive set of paternal factors hypothesized to be linked to risk for paternal Child Abuse (PCA) among a diverse sample of fathers. Attention was given to fathers’ marital status and their race/ethnicity (White, African American, and Hispanic). Methods Interviews were conducted with 1257 married or cohabiting biological fathers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. PCA was assessed when the index Children were 3 years old. Analyses included a comprehensive set of self-reported paternal variables as well as controls for maternal variables linked to Child maltreatment. PCA was measured using proxy variables: two questions assessing the frequency of spanking in the past month and Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-PC) [Straus, M., Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of Child maltreatment with the parent-Child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 249–270] psychological and Physical aggression subscales. Results Bivariate results indicated that Hispanic fathers were the least likely to spank or engage in psychological or Physical aggression. Multiple regression analyses indicated that paternal employment and earnings were not significantly associated with PCA. Compared to cohabiting African American fathers, married African American fathers were found to be at greater risk for some forms of PCA. This pattern was not found for White or Hispanic families. Conclusions In this diverse sample of involved, biological fathers, there appear to be multiple potential risk-heightening pathways that vary across race/ethnic groups. With the proper control variables, paternal employment and earnings may not be as directly linked to fathers’ Physical Abuse risk as has been previously thought. Practice implications There is a need for interventions within the Child welfare system that better promote family wellbeing by including fathers in services. Patterns linking paternal socio-demographic and psychosocial factors to psychological and Physical Child Abuse varied as a function of paternal race/ethnicity, indicating that race/ethnic differences are among the important factors that intervention efforts should take into account.
Shawna J Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a longitudinal analysis of the spatial spread of police investigated Physical Child Abuse
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew Grogankaylor, Shawna J Lee, Sacha KleinAbstract:Abstract Background Research has shown that problematic behaviors, such as violence and drug use, may spread through shared Physical space and social norms, lending rise to the notion of contagion theories of human behavior. Objective This study examines whether Physical Child Abuse spreads across time and space in a pattern reflective of a contagion model. Participants and Setting This study uses 15 years of data from a large U.S. city police department. Data points are geo-located police-investigated Physical Child Abuse incidents that occurred from 2001 to 2015. Methods Police department data are combined with U.S. Census estimates of the number of Child residents in each of the Census Tract comprising the study site to derive annual rates of police-investigated Physical Child Abuse cases per 1000 Children residing in each Census tract. A panel data spatial regression model is used to analyze the association between this dependent variable, the rate of police-investigated Physical Child Abuse cases in surrounding Census tracts, and time. The analysis statistically controls for multiple covariates commonly associated with Census tract-level estimates of Child maltreatment, specifically household median income, residential instability, racial composition, population density, and the concentration of Child residents. Results The rate of Physical Child Abuse in a Census tract is positively associated with the rate of Physical Child Abuse in the surrounding Census tracts, net of the covariates and the effect of time (β = 0.461, p Conclusion This finding provides preliminary evidence that Physical Child Abuse, like some other problematic human behaviors, may spread spatially.
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parental perceptions of neighborhood processes stress personal control and risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2009Co-Authors: Neil B Guterman, Shawna J Lee, Catherine A Taylor, Paul J RathouzAbstract:Objective: This study set out to examine whether mothers’ individual perceptions of their neighborhood social processes predict their risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect directly and/or indirectly via pathways involving parents’ reported stress and sense of personal control in the parenting role. Methods: In-home and phone interview data were examined cross-sectionally from a national birth cohort sample of 3,356 mothers across 20 US cities when the index Child was 3 years of age. Mothers’ perceptions of neighborhood social processes, parenting stress, and personal control were examined as predictors, and three subscales of the Parent-To-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-PC) were employed as proxies of Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test direct and indirect pathways (via parenting stress and control) from perceived neighborhood processes to proxy measures of Physical Child Abuse and neglect. Multiple group SEM was conducted to test for differences across major ethnic groups: African American, Hispanic, and White. Results: Although perceived negative neighborhood processes had only a mild direct role in predicting risk for Physical Child Abuse, and no direct role on Child neglect, these perceptions had a discernable indirect role in predicting risk via parenting stress and personal control pathways. Parenting stress exerted the clearest direct role on both Physical Abuse and neglect risk. This predictor model did not significantly differ across ethnic groups. Conclusions: Although neighborhood conditions may not play a clear directly observable role on Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk, the indirect role they play underscores the importance of parents’ perceptions of their neighborhoods, and especially the role they play via parents’ reported stress and personal control. Practice implications: Such findings suggest that targeting parents’ sense of control and stress in relation to their immediate social environment holds particular potential to reduce Physical Child Abuse and neglect risk. Addressing parents’ perceptions of their neighborhood challenges may serve to reduce parenting risk via improving parents’ felt control and stress.
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fathers and maternal risk for Physical Child Abuse
Child Maltreatment, 2009Co-Authors: Neil B Guterman, Yookyong Lee, Shawna J Lee, Jane Waldfogel, Paul J RathouzAbstract:This study set out to examine father-related factors predicting maternal Physical Child Abuse risk in a national birth cohort of 1,480 families. In-home and phone interviews were conducted with mothers when index Children were 3 years old. Predictor variables included the mother–father relationship status; father demographic, economic, and psychosocial variables; and key background factors. Outcome variables included both observed and self-reported proxies of maternal Physical Child Abuse risk. At the bivariate level, mothers married to fathers were at lower risk for most indicators of maternal Physical Child Abuse. However, after accounting for specific fathering factors and controlling for background variables, multivariate analyses indicated that marriage washed out as a protective factor, and on two of three indicators was linked with greater maternal Physical Abuse risk. Regarding fathering factors linked with risk, fathers’ higher educational attainment and their positive involvement with their Children most discernibly predicted lower maternal Physical Child Abuse risk. Fathers’ economic factors played no observable role in mothers’ risk for Physical Child maltreatment. Such multivariate findings suggest that marriage per se does not appear to be a protective factor for maternal Physical Child Abuse and rather it may serve as a proxy for other father-related protective factors.
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fathers Physical Child Abuse and neglect advancing the knowledge base
Child Maltreatment, 2009Co-Authors: Shawna J Lee, Jennifer L Bellamy, Neil B GutermanAbstract:Fathers are overrepresented as perpetrators of Physical Child maltreatment, particularly in its most severe forms. Despite this, the research literature continues to lack specificity regarding the role fathers play in risk for Physical Child Abuse or neglect (PCAN). Furthermore, although fathers have received more attention with respect to Child sexual Abuse and its treatment, their influence has been largely disregarded in many intervention efforts to reduce PCAN. Inadequate attention to the role of fathers, both in research and practice, has numerous problematic implications for the prevention of Child maltreatment. The goal of this special issue is to disseminate new research that examines fathers' roles by focusing on multiple fathering factors that may directly and indirectly shape both maternal and paternal risk of engaging in PCAN. In the introduction to the special issue, we highlight key questions in the research literature and present our perspective on how the articles included in this special issue address some of these gaps.
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risk factors for paternal Physical Child Abuse
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2008Co-Authors: Shawna J Lee, Neil B Guterman, Yookyong LeeAbstract:Abstract Objective This study uses the developmental–ecological framework to examine a comprehensive set of paternal factors hypothesized to be linked to risk for paternal Child Abuse (PCA) among a diverse sample of fathers. Attention was given to fathers’ marital status and their race/ethnicity (White, African American, and Hispanic). Methods Interviews were conducted with 1257 married or cohabiting biological fathers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. PCA was assessed when the index Children were 3 years old. Analyses included a comprehensive set of self-reported paternal variables as well as controls for maternal variables linked to Child maltreatment. PCA was measured using proxy variables: two questions assessing the frequency of spanking in the past month and Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-PC) [Straus, M., Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of Child maltreatment with the parent-Child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 249–270] psychological and Physical aggression subscales. Results Bivariate results indicated that Hispanic fathers were the least likely to spank or engage in psychological or Physical aggression. Multiple regression analyses indicated that paternal employment and earnings were not significantly associated with PCA. Compared to cohabiting African American fathers, married African American fathers were found to be at greater risk for some forms of PCA. This pattern was not found for White or Hispanic families. Conclusions In this diverse sample of involved, biological fathers, there appear to be multiple potential risk-heightening pathways that vary across race/ethnic groups. With the proper control variables, paternal employment and earnings may not be as directly linked to fathers’ Physical Abuse risk as has been previously thought. Practice implications There is a need for interventions within the Child welfare system that better promote family wellbeing by including fathers in services. Patterns linking paternal socio-demographic and psychosocial factors to psychological and Physical Child Abuse varied as a function of paternal race/ethnicity, indicating that race/ethnic differences are among the important factors that intervention efforts should take into account.
Patrick Onghena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of early prevention programs for families with young Children at risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect a meta analysis
Child Maltreatment, 2004Co-Authors: Liesl Geeraert, Wim Van Den Noortgate, Hans Grietens, Patrick OnghenaAbstract:In this article, a meta-analysis is presented on 40 evaluation studies of early prevention programs for families with young Children at risk for Physical Child Abuse and neglect with mostly nonrandomized designs. The main aim of all programs was to prevent Physical Child Abuse and neglect by providing early family support. For the meta-analysis, a multilevel approach was used. A significant overall positive effect was found, pointing to the potential usefulness of these programs. The study demonstrated a significant decrease in the manifestation of abusive and neglectful acts and a significant risk reduction in factors such as Child functioning, parent-Child interaction, parent functioning, family functioning, and context characteristics.
Lenora M Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived social risk in medical decision making for Physical Child Abuse a mixed methods study
BMC Pediatrics, 2017Co-Authors: Heather T Keenan, Lawrence J Cook, Tyler Bardsley, Kristine A Campbell, Kent Page, Lenora M OlsonAbstract:The medical literature reports differential decision-making for Children with suspected Physical Abuse based on race and socioeconomic status. Differential evaluation may be related to differences of risk indicators in these populations or differences in physicians’ perceptions of Abuse risk. Our objective was to understand the contribution of the Child’s social ecology to Child Abuse pediatricians’ perception of Abuse risk and to test whether risk perception influences diagnostic decision-making. Thirty-two Child Abuse pediatrician participants prospectively contributed 746 consultations from for Children referred for Physical Abuse evaluation (2009–2013). Participants entered consultations to a web-based interface. Participants noted their perception of Child race, family SES, Abuse diagnosis. Participants rated their perception of social risk for Abuse and diagnostic certainty on a 1–100 scale. Consultations (n = 730) meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analyzed for social risk indicators, social and non-social cues. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the associations of social risk indicators with participant social risk perception. We reversed social risk indicators in 102 cases whilst leaving all injury mechanism and medical information unchanged. Participants reviewed these reversed cases and recorded their social risk perception, diagnosis and diagnostic certainty. After adjustment for physician characteristics and social risk indicators, social risk perception was highest in the poorest non-minority families (24.9 points, 95%CI: 19.2, 30.6) and minority families (17.9 points, 95%CI, 12.8, 23.0). Diagnostic certainty and perceived social risk were associated: certainty increased as social risk perception increased (Spearman correlation 0.21, p < 0.001) in probable Abuse cases; certainty decreased as risk perception increased (Spearman correlation (−)0.19, p = 0.003) in probable not Abuse cases. Diagnostic decisions changed in 40% of cases when social risk indicators were reversed. CAP risk perception that poverty is associated with higher Abuse risk may explain documented race and class disparities in the medical evaluation and diagnosis of suspected Child Physical Abuse. Social risk perception may act by influencing CAP certainty in their diagnosis.
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social intuition and social information in Physical Child Abuse evaluation and diagnosis
Pediatrics, 2017Co-Authors: Heather T Keenan, Lawrence J Cook, Lenora M Olson, Tyler Bardsley, Kristine A CampbellAbstract:BACKGROUND: Poor and minority Children with injuries concerning for Abuse are evaluated and diagnosed for Abuse differentially. We hypothesized that 2 steps in the decision-making process would influence evaluation and diagnosis: social intuition from meeting the family and objective social information associated with Child Abuse risk. METHODS: Between 2009 and 2013, 32 Child Abuse pediatricians (CAPs) submitted 730 Child Abuse consultations including original medical evaluations and diagnoses. CAPs evaluated and diagnosed each other’s cases. Comparisons of evaluations and diagnoses were made by levels of social understanding available to the CAP: meeting the family (social intuition and information), reading the case (social information), and reading the case without social information. Evaluations were compared with a consensus gold standard by using logistic regression modeling adjusting for Child and CAP characteristics. Diagnostic categories were compared by level of social understanding and diagnostic certainty by using contingency tables. RESULTS: CAPs without access to social intuition were approximately twice as likely to perform gold standard evaluations for neurotrauma and long bone fracture compared with CAPs who met families. Diagnostic agreement fell from 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.1%–76.5%) when social information was present to 66.5% (95% CI: 63.1%–70.0%) when social information was restricted. In cases with less certainty, agreement dropped to 51.3% (95% CI: 46.0%–56.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Social intuition and information play a role in the Physical Child Abuse decision-making process, which may contribute to differential diagnosis. Simple interventions including decision tools, check lists, and peer review may structure evaluations to ensure Children’s equal treatment.
Isam W Nasr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased proportion of Physical Child Abuse injuries at a level i pediatric trauma center during the covid 19 pandemic
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2021Co-Authors: Mark L Kovler, Susan Ziegfeld, Leticia Manning Ryan, Mitchell Goldstein, Rebecca Gardner, Alejandro V Garcia, Isam W NasrAbstract:Background and objectives The Covid-19 pandemic has forced mass closures of Childcare facilities and schools. While these measures are necessary to slow virus transmission, little is known regarding the secondary health consequences of social distancing. The purpose of this study is to assess the proportion of injuries secondary to Physical Child Abuse (PCA) at a level I pediatric trauma center during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective review of patients at our center was conducted to identify injuries caused by PCA in the month following the statewide closure of Childcare facilities in Maryland. The proportion of PCA patients treated during the Covid-19 era were compared to the corresponding period in the preceding two years by Fisher's exact test. Demographics, injury profiles, and outcomes were described for each period. Results Eight patients with PCA injuries were treated during the Covid-19 period (13 % of total trauma patients), compared to four in 2019 (4 %, p Conclusions There was an increase in the proportion of traumatic injuries caused by Physical Child Abuse at our center during the Covid-19 pandemic. Strategies to mitigate this secondary effect of social distancing should be thoughtfully implemented.