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Karen E Samonds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation in Physiological Health of diademed sifakas across intact and fragmented forest at tsinjoarivo eastern madagascar
American Journal of Primatology, 2010Co-Authors: Mitchell T Irwin, Randall E Junge, Jeanluc Raharison, Karen E SamondsAbstract:As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on Physiological Health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less Healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1013–1025, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Variation in Physiological Health of Diademed Sifakas Across Intact and Fragmented Forest at Tsinjoarivo, Eastern Madagascar
2010Co-Authors: Mitchell T Irwin, Randall E Junge, Jeanluc Raharison, Karen E SamondsAbstract:As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on Physiological Health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less Healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1013‐1025, 2010. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Colin Mathers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Socioeconomic status and Health in Australia.
The Medical Journal of Australia, 2000Co-Authors: Gavin Turrell, Colin MathersAbstract:○ Consistent with international evidence, the findings of Australian research show that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups experience significantly higher mortality and morbidity rates. ○ Despite marked improvements in the Health of all segments of the Australian population in recent decades, during this same period there has also been an increase in socioeconomically related mortality inequalities for some conditions. ○ Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are more likely to engage in Health-damaging behaviours, experience poorer psychosocial Health, make less use of the Healthcare system for preventive purposes, and have a more adverse risk factor profile. These are the main contributing factors to the poorer Physiological Health of low socioeconomic groups. ○ At present, our knowledge of how socioeconomic status and Health are related is limited. A necessary step in improving our understanding of this issue is to draw together all the empirical evidence and use it as the basis for developing a theory of socioeconomic Health inequalities. We present a conceptual framework to facilitate this process.
Mitchell T Irwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation in Physiological Health of diademed sifakas across intact and fragmented forest at tsinjoarivo eastern madagascar
American Journal of Primatology, 2010Co-Authors: Mitchell T Irwin, Randall E Junge, Jeanluc Raharison, Karen E SamondsAbstract:As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on Physiological Health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less Healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1013–1025, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Variation in Physiological Health of Diademed Sifakas Across Intact and Fragmented Forest at Tsinjoarivo, Eastern Madagascar
2010Co-Authors: Mitchell T Irwin, Randall E Junge, Jeanluc Raharison, Karen E SamondsAbstract:As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on Physiological Health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less Healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1013‐1025, 2010. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Seunghwan Min - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Battery-free, wireless sensors for full-body pressure and temperature mapping
Science Translational Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Seungyong Han, Daeshik Kang, Zhaoqian Xie, Sang Min Won, Anthony Banks, Ha Uk Chung, Yinji Ma, Kyu Tae Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Seunghwan MinAbstract:Thin, soft, skin-like sensors capable of precise, continuous measurements of Physiological Health have broad potential relevance to clinical Health care. Use of sensors distributed over a wide area for full-body, spatiotemporal mapping of Physiological processes would be a considerable advance for this field. We introduce materials, device designs, wireless power delivery and communication strategies, and overall system architectures for skin-like, battery-free sensors of temperature and pressure that can be used across the entire body. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the sensor operation and the modes for wireless addressing define the key features of these systems. Studies with human subjects in clinical sleep laboratories and in adjustable hospital beds demonstrate functionality of the sensors, with potential implications for monitoring of circadian cycles and mitigating risks for pressure-induced skin ulcers.
Shuo Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes of water, sediment, and intestinal bacterial communities in Penaeus japonicus cultivation and their impacts on shrimp Physiological Health
Aquaculture International, 2020Co-Authors: Mengsi Song, Luqing Pan, Mengyu Zhang, Fei Huang, Shuo Gao, Changcheng TianAbstract:More and more studies have revealed a close relationship between gut microbial community and human Health. However, the mechanism why changes in gut microflora structures affect shrimp Health status remains unclear. In this study, we compared the differences of bacterial communities among intestine, water, and sediment collected from mariculture ponds of Penaeus japonicus in the early (30 days) and late (90 days) stage. Simultaneously, the relationship between bacterial communities and water quality indexes as well as shrimp Physiological indexes was analyzed, respectively. The results showed that relative abundances of intestinal dominant phyla changed along with rearing times. And according to non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), bacterial communities of shrimp gut had a closer relationship with the water library. By analyzing the relationship between water quality indexes and shrimp pond flora, it was shown that total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents probably had the biggest impacts on bacterial communities of water, so did temperature and chemical oxygen demand on microbial communities of sediments and shrimp intestines. By analyzing the relationship between the dominant genus and Physiological Health indicators of shrimp, it was found that unidentified_Mitochondria, Photobacterium, and Acinetobacter were more closely associated with shrimp Physiological Health indicators such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, antibacterial activity, lysozyme activity, and agglutinating activity. Overall, these results suggested that intestinal microbiota of Penaeus japonicus has certain connections to ambient microflorae, environmental factors, and shrimp Health status. These findings may be conducive to disease prevention and control by regulating gut and ambient microflorae in shrimp farming.
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Microbiota assemblages of water, sediment, and intestine and their associations with environmental factors and shrimp Physiological Health.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: Fei Huang, Mengsi Song, Luqing Pan, Changcheng Tian, Shuo GaoAbstract:Microorganisms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, water quality maintenance, and farmed animal Health. Increasing evidences have revealed a close association between unstable microbial environments and disease occurrences in aquaculture. Thereupon, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to comprehensively compare the bacterial communities of water, sediment, and intestine in mariculture ponds at the middle and late stages of Litopenaeus vannamei farming and analyzed whether changes of their microbiota assemblages were associated with environmental factors and shrimp Physiological Health. Results showed that bacterial community structures were significantly distinct among water, sediment, and intestine; meanwhile, the relative abundances of intestinal dominant taxa were significantly changed between different rearing stages. Compared with intestine and water, shrimp intestine and sediment had a similar profile of the dominant bacterial genera by cluster analysis, and the observed species, diversity indexes, and shared OTUs of bacterial communities in intestine and sediment were simultaneously increased after shrimp were farmed for 90 days. These results reflected a closer relationship between microbiotas in sediment and intestine, which was further proved by nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. However, bacterial communities in water, sediment, and intestine responded differently to environmental variables by redundancy and correlation analysis. More importantly, shrimp Physiological parameters were closely associated with bacterial variations in the gut and/or ambient, especially the gut microbiota owning significantly high levels of predicted functional pathways involved in disease emergence. These findings may greatly add to our understanding of the microbiota characteristics of the shrimp pond ecosystem and the complex interactions among shrimp, ambient microflora, and environmental variables.