The Experts below are selected from a list of 253143 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew K Morell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from bacterial glycogen to starch understanding the biogenesis of the plant starch granule
Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2003Co-Authors: Steven G Ball, Matthew K MorellAbstract:Plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria synthesize storage polysaccharides by a similar ADPglucose-based pathway. Plant starch metabolism can be distinguished from that of bacterial glycogen by the presence of multiple forms of enzyme activities for each step of the pathway. This multiplicity does not coincide with any functional redundancy, as each form has seemingly acquired a distinctive and conserved role in starch metabolism. Comparisons of phenotypes generated by debranching enzyme-defective mutants in Escherichia coli and plants suggest that enzymes previously thought to be involved in polysaccharide degradation have been recruited during evolution to serve a particular purpose in starch biosynthesis. Speculations have been made that link this recruitment to the appearance of semicrystalline starch in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Besides the common core pathway, other enzymes of malto-oligosaccharide metabolism are required for normal starch metabolism. However, according to the genetic and Physiological System under study, these enzymes may have acquired distinctive roles.
Y G Tirat-gefen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hardware acceleration for real time simulation of Physiological Systems.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and, 2006Co-Authors: J C G De Pimentel, Y G Tirat-gefenAbstract:Testing of medical equipment such as pacemaker is a critical task, because any malfunction may cause patient death or serious and long-lasting health consequences. Thus, device behavior under normal functioning conditions as well as under faulty conditions should be tested as thoroughly as possible under the project's budget. This paper presents a real-time digital simulator (DRTS) for possible use in testing of medical devices. The simulator runs a model of a Physiological System (an organ or a group of organs) in real time and uses A/D and D/A cards to interface the simulation results to real medical equipment. With this simulator, the tests can be made as thorough as needed without much increase in cost.
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Real Time Simulation of Physiological Systems
Proceedings of the IEEE 32nd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 1Co-Authors: J C G De Pimentel, Y G Tirat-gefenAbstract:Testing of medical equipment such peacemakers is a critical task, because any malfunction may cause the patient death or a serious and long lasting consequence to his health Thus, it should be as thorough as possible to exercise the device behavior under normal functioning as well as under faulty conditions but still fit into the project's budget. This paper presents a real time digital simulator (DRTS) for possible use in testing of medical devices. The simulator runs a model of the Physiological System (an organ or a group of organs) in real time and uses A/D and D/A cards to interface the simulation results to the real equipment. By this means, the tests can be made as thorough as needed without too much increase in the cost of testing since the simulator can be re-used in many tests.
Steven G Ball - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from bacterial glycogen to starch understanding the biogenesis of the plant starch granule
Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2003Co-Authors: Steven G Ball, Matthew K MorellAbstract:Plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria synthesize storage polysaccharides by a similar ADPglucose-based pathway. Plant starch metabolism can be distinguished from that of bacterial glycogen by the presence of multiple forms of enzyme activities for each step of the pathway. This multiplicity does not coincide with any functional redundancy, as each form has seemingly acquired a distinctive and conserved role in starch metabolism. Comparisons of phenotypes generated by debranching enzyme-defective mutants in Escherichia coli and plants suggest that enzymes previously thought to be involved in polysaccharide degradation have been recruited during evolution to serve a particular purpose in starch biosynthesis. Speculations have been made that link this recruitment to the appearance of semicrystalline starch in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Besides the common core pathway, other enzymes of malto-oligosaccharide metabolism are required for normal starch metabolism. However, according to the genetic and Physiological System under study, these enzymes may have acquired distinctive roles.
Claudio Cobelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Generalized Sensitivity Functions in Physiological System Identification
Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999Co-Authors: Karl Thomaseth, Claudio CobelliAbstract:Parameters of Physiological models are commonly associated in an input–output experiment with a specific pattern of the System response. This association is often made on an intuitive basis by traditional sensitivity analysis, i.e., by inspecting the variations of model output trajectories with respect to parameter variations. However, this approach provides limited information since, for instance, it ignores correlation among parameters. The aim of this study is to propose a new set of sensitivity functions, called the generalized sensitivity functions (GSF), for the analysis of input–output identification experiments. GSF are based on information theoretical criteria and provide, as compared to traditional sensitivity analysis, a more accurate picture on the information content of measured outputs on individual model parameters at different times. Case studies are presented on an input–output model and on two structural circulatory and respiratory models. GSF allow the definition of relevant time intervals for the identification of specific parameters and improve the understanding of the role played by specific model parameters in describing experimental data. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8710+e, 8719Uv
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Qualitative experiment design in Physiological System identification
IEEE Control Systems, 1992Co-Authors: Maria Pia Saccomani, Claudio CobelliAbstract:A qualitative experiment design problem for identifying compartmental models of Physiological Systems from multi-input-multi-output tracer experiments is examined. Qualitative experiment design consists of selecting the sites of inputs and outputs, among those experimentally feasible, which guarantee a priori unique identifiability of model parameters. Using this method, a minimal input-output configuration that ensures a priori unique identifiability is defined. The problem is of practical relevance when dealing with Physiological Systems in which severe constraints exist on experiment design for both ethical and practical reasons. Fundamentals of Physiological Systems, tracer experiments, compartmental models, and a priori identifiability are discussed. As a case study, a ten-compartment model of leucine metabolism and the multi-input-output tracer experiment designed for its identification are described. >
Warren C W Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nanoparticle size and surface chemistry determine serum protein adsorption and macrophage uptake
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012Co-Authors: Carl D Walkey, Jonathan B Olsen, Andrew Emili, Warren C W ChanAbstract:Delivery and toxicity are critical issues facing nanomedicine research. Currently, there is limited understanding and connection between the physicochemical properties of a nanomaterial and its interactions with a Physiological System. As a result, it remains unclear how to optimally synthesize and chemically modify nanomaterials for in vivo applications. It has been suggested that the physicochemical properties of a nanomaterial after synthesis, known as its “synthetic identity”, are not what a cell encounters in vivo. Adsorption of blood components and interactions with phagocytes can modify the size, aggregation state, and interfacial composition of a nanomaterial, giving it a distinct “biological identity”. Here, we investigate the role of size and surface chemistry in mediating serum protein adsorption to gold nanoparticles and their subsequent uptake by macrophages. Using label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we find that over 70 different serum proteins are heterogeneously adso...
