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Dayakar V Badri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of natural blends of Phytochemicals derived from the root exudates of arabidopsis to the soil reveal that phenolic related compounds predominantly modulate the soil microbiome
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Dayakar V Badri, Jacqueline M Chaparro, Ruifu Zhang, Qirong Shen, Jorge M VivancoAbstract:The roots of plants have the ability to influence its surrounding microbiology, the so-called rhizosphere microbiome, through the creation of specific chemical niches in the soil mediated by the release of Phytochemicals. Here we report how these Phytochemicals could modulate the microbial composition of a soil in the absence of the plant. For this purpose, root exudates of Arabidopsis were collected and fractionated to obtain natural blends of Phytochemicals at various relative concentrations that were characterized by GC-MS and applied repeatedly to a soil. Soil bacterial changes were monitored by amplifying and pyrosequencing the 16 S ribosomal small subunit region. Our analyses reveal that one phytochemical can culture different operational taxonomic units (OTUs), mixtures of Phytochemicals synergistically culture groups of OTUs, and the same phytochemical can act as a stimulator or deterrent to different groups of OTUs. Furthermore, phenolic-related compounds showed positive correlation with a higher number of unique OTUs compared with other groups of compounds (i.e. sugars, sugar alcohols, and amino acids). For instance, salicylic acid showed positive correlations with species of Corynebacterineae, Pseudonocardineae and Streptomycineae, and GABA correlated with species of Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Frankineae, Variovorax, Micromonosporineae, and Skermanella. These results imply that phenolic compounds act as specific substrates or signaling molecules for a large group of microbial species in the soil.
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altered profile of secondary metabolites in the root exudates of arabidopsis atp binding cassette transporter mutants
Plant Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Dayakar V Badri, Victor M Loyolavargas, Corey D Broeckling, Clelia Delapena, Michal Jasinski, Diana Santelia, Enrico Martinoia, Lloyd W Sumner, Lois M Banta, Frank R StermitzAbstract:Following recent indirect evidence suggesting a role for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in root exudation of Phytochemicals, we identified 25 ABC transporter genes highly expressed in the root cells most likely to be involved in secretion processes. Of these 25 genes, we also selected six full-length ABC transporters and a half-size transporter for in-depth molecular and biochemical analyses. We compared the exuded root phytochemical profiles of these seven ABC transporter mutants to those of the wild type. There were three nonpolar Phytochemicals missing in various ABC transporter mutants compared to the wild type when the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These data suggest that more than one ABC transporter can be involved in the secretion of a given phytochemical and that a transporter can be involved in the secretion of more than one secondary metabolite. The primary and secondary metabolites present in the root exudates of the mutants were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which allowed for the identification of groups of compounds differentially found in some of the mutants compared to the wild type. For instance, the mutant Atpdr6 secreted a lower level of organic acids and Atmrp2 secreted a higher level of amino acids as compared to the wild type. We conclude that the release of Phytochemicals by roots is partially controlled by ABC transporters.
Frank R Stermitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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altered profile of secondary metabolites in the root exudates of arabidopsis atp binding cassette transporter mutants
Plant Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Dayakar V Badri, Victor M Loyolavargas, Corey D Broeckling, Clelia Delapena, Michal Jasinski, Diana Santelia, Enrico Martinoia, Lloyd W Sumner, Lois M Banta, Frank R StermitzAbstract:Following recent indirect evidence suggesting a role for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in root exudation of Phytochemicals, we identified 25 ABC transporter genes highly expressed in the root cells most likely to be involved in secretion processes. Of these 25 genes, we also selected six full-length ABC transporters and a half-size transporter for in-depth molecular and biochemical analyses. We compared the exuded root phytochemical profiles of these seven ABC transporter mutants to those of the wild type. There were three nonpolar Phytochemicals missing in various ABC transporter mutants compared to the wild type when the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These data suggest that more than one ABC transporter can be involved in the secretion of a given phytochemical and that a transporter can be involved in the secretion of more than one secondary metabolite. The primary and secondary metabolites present in the root exudates of the mutants were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which allowed for the identification of groups of compounds differentially found in some of the mutants compared to the wild type. For instance, the mutant Atpdr6 secreted a lower level of organic acids and Atmrp2 secreted a higher level of amino acids as compared to the wild type. We conclude that the release of Phytochemicals by roots is partially controlled by ABC transporters.
Evan C. Palmer-young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pollen extracts and constituent sugars increase growth of a trypanosomatid parasite of bumble bees.
PeerJ, 2017Co-Authors: Evan C. Palmer-young, Lucy ThursfieldAbstract:: Phytochemicals produced by plants, including at flowers, function in protection against plant diseases, and have a long history of use against trypanosomatid infection. Floral nectar and pollen, the sole food sources for many species of insect pollinators, contain Phytochemicals that have been shown to reduce trypanosomatid infection in bumble and honey bees when fed as isolated compounds. Nectar and pollen, however, consist of phytochemical mixtures, which can have greater antimicrobial activity than do single compounds. This study tested the hypothesis that pollen extracts would inhibit parasite growth. Extracts of six different pollens were tested for direct inhibitory activity against cell cultures of the bumble bee trypanosomatid gut parasite Crithidia bombi. Surprisingly, pollen extracts increased parasite growth rather than inhibiting it. Pollen extracts contained high concentrations of sugars, mainly the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. Experimental manipulations of growth media showed that supplemental monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) increased maximum cell density, while a common floral phytochemical (caffeic acid) with inhibitory activity against other trypanosomatids had only weak inhibitory effects on Crithidia bombi. These results indicate that, although pollen is essential for bees and other pollinators, pollen may promote growth of intestinal parasites that are uninhibited by pollen Phytochemicals and, as a result, can benefit from the nutrients that pollen provides.
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Bumble bee parasite strains vary in resistance to Phytochemicals
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Evan C. Palmer-young, Philip C. Stevenson, Rebecca E. Irwin, Lynn S. AdlerAbstract:Nectar and pollen contain diverse Phytochemicals that can reduce disease in pollinators. However, prior studies showed variable effects of nectar chemicals on infection, which could reflect variable phytochemical resistance among parasite strains. Inter-strain variation in resistance could influence evolutionary interactions between plants, pollinators, and pollinator disease, but testing direct effects of Phytochemicals on parasites requires elimination of variation between bees. Using cell cultures of the bumble bee parasite Crithidia bombi , we determined (1) growth-inhibiting effects of nine floral Phytochemicals and (2) variation in phytochemical resistance among four parasite strains. C. bombi growth was unaffected by naturally occurring concentrations of the known antitrypanosomal phenolics gallic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid. However, C. bombi growth was inhibited by anabasine, eugenol, and thymol. Strains varied >3-fold in phytochemical resistance, suggesting that selection for phytochemical resistance could drive parasite evolution. Inhibitory concentrations of thymol (4.53–22.2 ppm) were similar to concentrations in Thymus vulgaris nectar (mean 5.2 ppm). Exposure of C. bombi to naturally occurring levels of Phytochemicals—either within bees or during parasite transmission via flowers—could influence infection in nature. Flowers that produce antiparasitic Phytochemicals, including thymol, could potentially reduce infection in Bombus populations, thereby counteracting a possible contributor to pollinator decline.
S. Chandrasekar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study on Preliminary Phytochemicals and GC-MS Analysis of Justicia adhatoda Leaves Extract
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019Co-Authors: R. Malathi, D. Kaviyarasan, S. ChandrasekarAbstract:Several natural products have been implemented as an alternative health care treatment and in discovery of effective modern drugs. A major focus of natural product chemistry has been toward drug design and discovery. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for its pharmacopeia. This plant root, bark, leaf and flower are used to heal several diseases and poisonous bites. The present work was to evaluate the Phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of J. adhatoda leaves extracts. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The result showed that the Phytochemicals present in the extract of J.adhatoda are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxy anthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, proteins, xantho protein, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of acetone extract showed the presence of many secondary metabolites like phytol (0.8%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z) (1.6%), butane, 2,2-dimethyl (0.21%), pentane, 2,3,3-trimethyl (0.22%), hexathiane (0.08%), and benzenesulfonic acid (0.22%). The diversity of phytochemical present in the plant suggests that J. adhatoda could serve as a source of useful drugs. Keywords: Justicia adhatoda leaves, acetone extract, Phytochemicals, GC-MS.
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preliminary phytochemical analysis of justicia adhatoda leaves extract using different solvents
International Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: R. Malathi, D. Kaviyarasan, S. ChandrasekarAbstract:Plants have played a critical role in maintaining human health and civilizing the quality of human life for thousands of years. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for their pharmacopeia.This plant has been used commonly in ayurvedic system of medicine. This plant root, bark, leave and flower are used to heal many types of infection.The present paper gives an account of phytochemical activities. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. Five solvents namely acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and diethyl ether were used to obtain extracts from powdered plant leaves.This result showed that many of the Phytochemicals were present in this plant. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxyanthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, Proteins, xanthoprotein, steroids and phenols. The diversity of Phytochemicals found present suggests that J.adhatoda leaf could serve as a source of useful drug.
Dawn M. Snyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Raspberries and Human Health: A Review†
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Dawn M. SnyderAbstract:Dietary guidelines around the world recommend the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables as good sources of antioxidant Phytochemicals for the prevention of chronic diseases. Red raspberries are a common and important fruit in the Western diet due to their content of essential nutrients and beneficial Phytochemicals. Anthocyanins and ellagitannins are polyphenolic compounds and the major antioxidant Phytochemicals present in raspberries. Whereas individual phytochemical constituents of raspberries have been studied for their biological activities, human intervention studies using whole berries are lacking in the literature. The nutritional and phytochemical compositions of red raspberries and their absorption, metabolism, and biological activity are reviewed. Finally, future directions of research are also identified.
