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W. A. Quick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of ammonium sulfate on the Phytotoxicity, foliar uptake, and translocation of imazamethabenz in wild oat
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1996Co-Authors: A. I. Hsiao, W. A. QuickAbstract:Experiments were conducted in greenhouse, growth chamber, and laboratory conditions to determine the effect of ammonium sulfate [(NH_4)_2SO_4] on the Phytotoxicity, foliar uptake, and translocation of imazamethabenz on wild oat. Rates of (NH_4)_2SO_4 up to 5% (w/v) applied with a greenhouse sprayer did not affect the Phytotoxicity of the herbicide when the mix was applied at the one- to two-leaf stage. However, inclusion of 1 and 2% (NH_4)_2SO_4 increased the Phytotoxicity of the herbicide when the mix was sprayed at the two- to three-leaf, or the three- to four-leaf stage. At 10%, (NH_4)_2SO_4 decreased the Phytotoxicity of the sublethal dosage of the herbicide. When the herbicide was applied as individual drops to the growth chamber-grown plants, inclusion of (NH_4)_2SO_4 at 1% did not affect Phytotoxicity as measured by shoot growth. The presence of (NH_4)_2SO_4 did not affect the amount of imazamethabenz retained by wild oat foliage, but it decreased [^14C]imazamethabenz absorption, slightly antagonized acropetal translocation, and increased the basipetal translocation of [^14C]imazamethabenz. It was concluded that application methods greatly modify the effect of (NH_4)_2SO_4 on imazamethabenz Phytotoxicity. Herbicide absorption and translocation as determined by one method do not necessarily represent the absorption and translocation patterns when different application methods are used. Absorption and translocation were not the factors that were responsible for the observed effect of (NH_4)_2SO_4 on the herbicide Phytotoxicity.
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Influence of temperature and light intensity on absorption, translocation, and Phytotoxicity of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl in Avena fatua
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1996Co-Authors: A. I. Hsiao, W. A. QuickAbstract:The absorption and translocation of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl were investigated in wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) plants grown under different temperature and light intensity conditions by using ^14C tracer techniques. The Phytotoxicity of both herbicides, applied as individual droplets, was also determined under similar environments. The absorption of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl was increased by high temperature (30/20°C) and to a lesser extent by 70% shading; low temperature (10/5°C) had limited effect on the absorption. The basipetal translocation of fenoxaprop-ethyl was not affected by high temperature, and the increase in imazamethabenz-methyl translocation at high temperature was likely the result of the increased absorption. Low temperature decreased total translocation and translocation efficiency in both fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl. Low light intensity tended to reduce the efficiency of basipetal translocation of both herbicides. Fenoxaprop-ethyl Phytotoxicity was reduced by high temperature but not by low temperature. Temperature had little effect on imazamethabenz-methyl effectiveness. Under 70% shading, the Phytotoxicity of both herbicides was enhanced.
Anne J Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties
Biometals, 2015Co-Authors: Jeanluc Watson, Tommy Fang, Christian O Dimkpa, David W Britt, Joan E Mclean, Astrid R Jacobson, Anne J AndersonAbstract:Zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are Zn-deficient and/or have low Zn-bioavailability. This paper addresses the feasibility of using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as soil amendments to improve Zn levels in the plant. The effects of soil properties on Phytotoxicity and Zn bioavailability from the NPs were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. In the acid soil, the ZnO NPs caused dose-dependent Phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Phytotoxicity was mitigated in the calcareous alkaline soil although uptake of Zn from the ZnO NPs occurred doubling the Zn level compared to control plants. This increase occurred with a low level of Zn in the soil solution as expected from the interactions of Zn with the soil components at the alkaline pH. Soluble Zn in the acid soil was 200-fold higher and shoot levels were tenfold higher than from the alkaline soil correlating with Phytotoxicity. Mitigation of toxicity was not observed in plants grown in sand amended with a commercial preparation of humic acid: growth, shoot uptake and solubility of Zn from the NPs was not altered by the humic acid. Thus, variation in humic acid between soils may not be a major factor influencing plant responses to the NPs. These findings illustrate that formulations of ZnO NPs to be used as a soil amendment would need to be tuned to soil properties to avoid Phytotoxicity yet provide increased Zn accumulations in the plant.
A. I. Hsiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of drought on graminicide Phytotoxicity in wild oat avena fatua grown under different temperature and humidity conditions
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1997Co-Authors: H S Xie, A. I. Hsiao, William A QuickAbstract:Controlled environmental experiments were carried out to determine the Phytotoxicity of several graminicides on wild oat (Avena futua L.) as influenced by combination of drought and temperature stress or drought and low relative humidity. Compared with unstressed conditions (20/15°C plus adequate soil moisture), imazamethabenz Phytotoxicity to wild oat was reduced significantly when plants were exposed to a combination of drought and high temperature (30/20°C) stress. Imazamethabenz Phytotoxicity was reduced almost as much by high temperature stress alone as by a combined temperature and drought stress. When herbicides were applied to wild oat plants subjected to drought alone or to drought plus high temperature, the observed reduction in Phytotoxicity from greatest to least was: fenoxaprop = diclofop > flamprop > imazamethabenz. Fenoxaprop performance was most inhibited by the combination of drought plus high temperature, although drought alone and to a lesser degree, high temperature alone, inhibited fenoxaprop action. High temperature had an adverse effect on the efficacy of fenoxaprop at lower application rates. Raising fenoxaprop application rates to 400 g ha−1 overcame the inhibition caused by high temperature alone but only partially alleviated the effect of drought combined with high temperature. When plants were grown under a low temperature regimen the imposition of drought stress had little effect on imazamethabenz Phytotoxicity but did reduce fenoxaprop Phytotoxicity. At 25/15°C drought reduced the Phytotoxicity of fenoxaprop and diclofop greatly but had no significant impact on the performance of any of the herbicides examined, regardless of soil moisture regimen.
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Effect of ammonium sulfate on the Phytotoxicity, foliar uptake, and translocation of imazamethabenz in wild oat
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1996Co-Authors: A. I. Hsiao, W. A. QuickAbstract:Experiments were conducted in greenhouse, growth chamber, and laboratory conditions to determine the effect of ammonium sulfate [(NH_4)_2SO_4] on the Phytotoxicity, foliar uptake, and translocation of imazamethabenz on wild oat. Rates of (NH_4)_2SO_4 up to 5% (w/v) applied with a greenhouse sprayer did not affect the Phytotoxicity of the herbicide when the mix was applied at the one- to two-leaf stage. However, inclusion of 1 and 2% (NH_4)_2SO_4 increased the Phytotoxicity of the herbicide when the mix was sprayed at the two- to three-leaf, or the three- to four-leaf stage. At 10%, (NH_4)_2SO_4 decreased the Phytotoxicity of the sublethal dosage of the herbicide. When the herbicide was applied as individual drops to the growth chamber-grown plants, inclusion of (NH_4)_2SO_4 at 1% did not affect Phytotoxicity as measured by shoot growth. The presence of (NH_4)_2SO_4 did not affect the amount of imazamethabenz retained by wild oat foliage, but it decreased [^14C]imazamethabenz absorption, slightly antagonized acropetal translocation, and increased the basipetal translocation of [^14C]imazamethabenz. It was concluded that application methods greatly modify the effect of (NH_4)_2SO_4 on imazamethabenz Phytotoxicity. Herbicide absorption and translocation as determined by one method do not necessarily represent the absorption and translocation patterns when different application methods are used. Absorption and translocation were not the factors that were responsible for the observed effect of (NH_4)_2SO_4 on the herbicide Phytotoxicity.
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Influence of temperature and light intensity on absorption, translocation, and Phytotoxicity of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl in Avena fatua
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1996Co-Authors: A. I. Hsiao, W. A. QuickAbstract:The absorption and translocation of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl were investigated in wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) plants grown under different temperature and light intensity conditions by using ^14C tracer techniques. The Phytotoxicity of both herbicides, applied as individual droplets, was also determined under similar environments. The absorption of fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl was increased by high temperature (30/20°C) and to a lesser extent by 70% shading; low temperature (10/5°C) had limited effect on the absorption. The basipetal translocation of fenoxaprop-ethyl was not affected by high temperature, and the increase in imazamethabenz-methyl translocation at high temperature was likely the result of the increased absorption. Low temperature decreased total translocation and translocation efficiency in both fenoxaprop-ethyl and imazamethabenz-methyl. Low light intensity tended to reduce the efficiency of basipetal translocation of both herbicides. Fenoxaprop-ethyl Phytotoxicity was reduced by high temperature but not by low temperature. Temperature had little effect on imazamethabenz-methyl effectiveness. Under 70% shading, the Phytotoxicity of both herbicides was enhanced.
Christian O Dimkpa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties
Biometals, 2015Co-Authors: Jeanluc Watson, Tommy Fang, Christian O Dimkpa, David W Britt, Joan E Mclean, Astrid R Jacobson, Anne J AndersonAbstract:Zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are Zn-deficient and/or have low Zn-bioavailability. This paper addresses the feasibility of using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as soil amendments to improve Zn levels in the plant. The effects of soil properties on Phytotoxicity and Zn bioavailability from the NPs were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. In the acid soil, the ZnO NPs caused dose-dependent Phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Phytotoxicity was mitigated in the calcareous alkaline soil although uptake of Zn from the ZnO NPs occurred doubling the Zn level compared to control plants. This increase occurred with a low level of Zn in the soil solution as expected from the interactions of Zn with the soil components at the alkaline pH. Soluble Zn in the acid soil was 200-fold higher and shoot levels were tenfold higher than from the alkaline soil correlating with Phytotoxicity. Mitigation of toxicity was not observed in plants grown in sand amended with a commercial preparation of humic acid: growth, shoot uptake and solubility of Zn from the NPs was not altered by the humic acid. Thus, variation in humic acid between soils may not be a major factor influencing plant responses to the NPs. These findings illustrate that formulations of ZnO NPs to be used as a soil amendment would need to be tuned to soil properties to avoid Phytotoxicity yet provide increased Zn accumulations in the plant.
Jeanluc Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties
Biometals, 2015Co-Authors: Jeanluc Watson, Tommy Fang, Christian O Dimkpa, David W Britt, Joan E Mclean, Astrid R Jacobson, Anne J AndersonAbstract:Zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are Zn-deficient and/or have low Zn-bioavailability. This paper addresses the feasibility of using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as soil amendments to improve Zn levels in the plant. The effects of soil properties on Phytotoxicity and Zn bioavailability from the NPs were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. In the acid soil, the ZnO NPs caused dose-dependent Phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Phytotoxicity was mitigated in the calcareous alkaline soil although uptake of Zn from the ZnO NPs occurred doubling the Zn level compared to control plants. This increase occurred with a low level of Zn in the soil solution as expected from the interactions of Zn with the soil components at the alkaline pH. Soluble Zn in the acid soil was 200-fold higher and shoot levels were tenfold higher than from the alkaline soil correlating with Phytotoxicity. Mitigation of toxicity was not observed in plants grown in sand amended with a commercial preparation of humic acid: growth, shoot uptake and solubility of Zn from the NPs was not altered by the humic acid. Thus, variation in humic acid between soils may not be a major factor influencing plant responses to the NPs. These findings illustrate that formulations of ZnO NPs to be used as a soil amendment would need to be tuned to soil properties to avoid Phytotoxicity yet provide increased Zn accumulations in the plant.
