The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew G Van Kessel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/Piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that Piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved Piglet performance and shaped the Piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
Tadele G Kiros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/Piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that Piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved Piglet performance and shaped the Piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
S.a. Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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achieving optimum performance in a loose housed farrowing system for sows the effects of space and temperature
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2015Co-Authors: Emma M. Baxter, Marianne Farish, O O Adeleye, M C Jack, Sarah H Ison, S.a. EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Piglet survival relies on interactive influences of the sow, her Piglets and their environment. There are a number of design challenges in a loose-housed farrowing and lactation system to optimise this dynamic, including achieving farrowing in the desired location (i.e. a protected nest area) and minimising crushings. The PigSAFE (Piglet and Sow Alternative Farrowing Environment) pen was developed with these challenges in mind. It has different areas to fulfil different biological and managerial needs, including a solid-floored nest area with Piglet protection features (sloped walls, heated creep) intended for farrowing. Two hypotheses regarding pen design features to optimise farrowing location and improve Piglet survival were tested: (i) greater space would improve maternal behaviour; and (ii) a heated nest-site would be more attractive to the farrowing sow. PigSAFE was adapted to give a LARGE treatment, 9.7 m2 in total with a nest area of 4.0 m2, and a SMALL treatment, same design but 7.9 m2 in total with a nest area of 3.3 m2. The nest floor was heated to either 30 °C (T30) or 20 °C (T20) from 48 h before until 24 h after farrowing. A 2 × 2 factorial design saw 88 Large White × Landrace sows randomly assigned to space and temperature treatments. Generalised linear mixed models were used to analyse performance data. Farrowing location analysis involved dividing the pen into seven areas (L1–L7); L1 deemed the safest location for the Piglets to be born (in the nest, furthest from dunging area, closest to creep) and L7 the least protected (in the dunging area). Of all the Piglets born 97% were born in the nest area. The majority of sows started farrowing in L1 (56%), with 39% of remaining Piglets being born in this location. There was a significant Space × Temperature interaction for farrowing location (P = 0.011) with SMALL_T20 achieving the most L1 births. Temperature had no significant influence on Piglet survival (Total mortality P = 0.401; Live-born mortality P = 0.826). However space influenced mortality, with significantly greater live-born mortality when sows were afforded a larger farrowing space (LARGE = 18.1% vs. SMALL = 10.9% P = 0.028). There were no significant interactions between space and temperature for either total mortality (P = 0.394) or live-born mortality (P = 0.685). The overall design successfully promoted farrowing in the nest location, irrespective of nest size and floor temperature. The higher Piglet mortality in the LARGE treatment suggests that the larger nest size was less protective for the Piglets and thus a smaller nest, within an adequate total pen size for differentiation of functional areas, would be recommended.
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the welfare implications of large litter size in the domestic pig i biological factors
Animal Welfare, 2013Co-Authors: Kenneth M D Rutherford, V A Moustsen, F Thorup, Gareth Arnott, Emma M. Baxter, Richard B Death, Simon P Turner, Peter Sandøe, Rainer Roehe, S.a. EdwardsAbstract:Increasing litter size has long been a goal of pig breeders and producers, and may have implications for pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) welfare. This paper reviews the scientific evidence on biological factors affecting sow and Piglet welfare in relation to large litter size. It is concluded that, in a number of ways, large litter size is a risk factor for decreased animal welfare in pig production. Increased litter size is associated with increased Piglet mortality, which is likely to be associated with significant negative animal welfare impacts. In surviving Piglets, many of the causes of mortality can also occur in non-lethal forms that cause suffering. Intense teat competition may increase the likelihood that some Piglets do not gain adequate access to milk, causing starvation in the short term and possibly long-term detriments to health. Also, increased litter size leads to more Piglets with low birth weight which is associated with a variety of negative long-term effects. Finally, increased production pressure placed on sows bearing large litters may produce health and welfare concerns for the sow. However, possible biological approaches to mitigating health and welfare issues associated with large litters are being implemented. An important mitigation strategy is genetic selection encompassing traits that promote Piglet survival, vitality and growth. Sow nutrition and the minimisation of stress during gestation could also contribute to improving outcomes in terms of Piglet welfare. Awareness of the possible negative welfare consequences of large litter size in pigs should lead to further active measures being taken to mitigate the mentioned effects.
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genetic parameters of Piglet survival and birth weight from a two generation crossbreeding experiment under outdoor conditions designed to disentangle direct and maternal effects
Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: Rainer Roehe, Emma M. Baxter, Alistair Lawrence, Susan Jarvis, Kathleen M. Smurthwaite, N P Shrestha, W Mekkawy, P W Knap, S.a. EdwardsAbstract:Multivariate Bayesian linear-threshold models were used to estimate genetic parameters of peri- and postnatal Piglet survival and individual birth weight of Piglets reared under outdoor conditions. Data of 21,835 individual Piglet observations were available from a 2-generation crossbreeding experiment selected for direct and maternal genetic effects of postnatal pig- let survival on Piglet and dam levels, respectively. In the first generation, approximately one-half of the Landrace sires used were selected for large or average breeding values of maternal genetic effects on postnatal Piglet survival, whereas in the second generation the Large White sires used were selected for direct genetic effects of the same trait. Estimates of direct and maternal her- itability were 0.21 and 0.15, 0.24 and 0.14, and 0.36 and 0.28 for Piglet survival at birth and during the nurs- ing period, and individual birth weight, respectively. In particular, direct heritabilities are substantially larger than those from the literature estimated for indoor- reared Piglets, suggesting that genetic effects of these traits are substantially greater under outdoor condi- tions. Direct or maternal genetic correlations between survival traits or with birth weight were small (ranging from 0.06 to 0.17), indicating that peri- and postnatal survival are genetically under rather different control, and survival was only slightly positively influenced by birth weight. There were significant (P < 0.05) nega- tive genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects within each of the analyzed traits rang- ing from -0.36 to -0.45, which have to be considered when selecting for Piglet survival. Adjustment of traits for litter size or inclusion of genetic groups showed in- significant effects on the magnitude of the estimated genetic parameters. The magnitude of genetic param- eters suggested that there is substantial potential for genetic improvement of survival traits and birth weight in direct and maternal genetic effects, especially when Piglets are kept under outdoor conditions.
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feeding tuna oil to the sow at different times during pregnancy has different effects on Piglet long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition at birth and subsequent growth
British Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: J. A. Rooke, A G Sinclair, S.a. EdwardsAbstract:In an attempt to prevent decreases in Piglet 20 : 4 n -6 status at birth while increasing 22 : 6 n -3 status, multiparous sows (eight per treatment) were allocated to one of three different treatments: a basal diet fed from day 63 of pregnancy to term; basal diet supplemented with tuna oil (17·5 g/kg) from day 63 to day 91 and then basal diet alone from day 92 to term; basal diet alone from day 63 to day 91 and then basal diet supplemented with tuna oil from day 92 to term. Tuna oil supplementation increased mainly 22 : 6 n -3 intake. Supplementation with tuna oil between day 92 and term increased 22 : 6 n -3 to a greater extent in all Piglet tissues (brain, liver, retina and the remaining carcass) at birth than supplementation with tuna oil between days 63 and 91. However, while Piglet 20 : 4 n -6 decreased to a greater extent in liver and carcass when diets were supplemented with tuna oil between days 92 and term than between days 63 and 91, in the brain and retina, the reverse was true; 20 : 4 n -6 was decreased to a greater extent between days 63 and 91 than between 92 and term. The effect of pregnancy nutrition on the growth of Piglets until 7 d postweaning (35 d of age) was assessed after removing any residual effects of pregnancy treatment by cross-fostering some Piglets at birth. Piglets, the diets of whose dams had been supplemented with tuna oil during pregnancy, grew faster during the first 35 d of life than the progeny of sows fed only the basal diet. Feeding tuna oil to sows at different times during pregnancy therefore did not prevent decreases in Piglet 20 : 4 n -6 status at birth, but did suggest that changes in Piglet brain 20 : 4 n -6 status between days 63 and 91 of pregnancy were not reversible by later nutrition. Supplementing the diet of the pregnant sow with tuna oil had beneficial effects on postnatal Piglet growth.
Paolo Trevisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/Piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that Piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved Piglet performance and shaped the Piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
Diana Luise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/Piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that Piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved Piglet performance and shaped the Piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
