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John P Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, esterase, β-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p -nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p -nitrophenol/min/μg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC 50 4.2 × 10 − 4 M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, esterase, beta-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p-nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/microg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC(50) 4.2 x 10(-4) M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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venom from the pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla hypochondriaca increases the susceptibility of larval lacanobia oleracea to the entomopathogens bacillus cereus and beauveria bassiana
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2004Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Cellular immune responses in insects protect them against parasites and pathogens that enter their hemocoel. Venom from the solitary pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca, has previously been shown to suppress certain key, cell-mediated immune responses of Lacanobia oleracea. Experiments were performed to determine if L. oleracea larvae injected with P. hypochondriaca venom would be more susceptible to Bacillus cereus, or Beauveria bassiana, when these microorganisms were subsequently injected. Mortality due to B. cereus (approximately 15 colony-forming units [CFU]/larva) and B. bassiana (approximately 2.4 × 103 conidia/larva) was enhanced by prior injection of 4 μg of venom. In addition, injection of venom/Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) or DPBS/B. bassiana reduced the rate at which larvae gained weight compared to control larvae. However, the greatest reduction in weight was recorded for larvae that had been injected with venom/B. bassiana conidia.
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antibacterial and proteolytic activity in venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, R E Isaac, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the endoparasitic wasp, Pimpla hypochondriaca , is composed of a mixture of high and low molecular weight proteins, possesses phenoloxidase activity, has immunosuppressive properties, and induces paralysis in several insect species. In the present study we demonstrate that P. hypochondriaca venom also contains antibacterial and proteolytic activity. Antibacterial activity was detected against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Xanthamonas campestris but not against Psuedomonas syringae nor against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis . Endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activity in venom was detected using the synthetic fluorogenic substrates N - t -BOC-Phe–Ser–Arg-AMC, Arg-AMC and Leu–Arg. The aminopeptidase activity towards Arg-AMC was sensitive to amastatin (70% inhibition), an aminopeptidase inhibitor. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-like enzyme activity was detected, by reverse-phase HPLC using the synthetic tripeptide Hip–His–Leu as a substrate. This activity was sensitive to captopril, an ACE inhibitor (IC 50 3.8×10 −8 M). Using an antiserum raised against recombinant Drosophila melanogaster ACE-like enzyme, (rAnce), Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive protein, with a molecular weight estimate of 74 kDa, in P. hypochondriaca venom. The possibility that the endopeptidase, aminopeptidase and ACE are involved in the processing of peptide precursors in the venom sac is discussed.
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a new form of arthropod phenoloxidase is abundant in venom of the parasitoid wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001Co-Authors: Neil Parkinson, Ian Smith, Robert J Weaver, John P EdwardsAbstract:We have recently identified phenoloxidase (PO) activity among several biologically active factors in venom from the parasitoid wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca. We have now isolated three genes, designated POI, POII and POIII, from a cDNA library made from venom-producing glands and found that their products are related to pro-phenoloxidases (PPOs), which are expressed as proenzymes in haemocytes and which mediate immune processes in arthropods. This is the first report of PO as a venom constituent. Amino acid sequence comparisons between the three Pimpla POs and PPOs revealed several notable differences, including the absence of sequences which specify the site of proteolytic activation in insect PPOs and the unprecedented occurrence of signal peptide sequences. NH2-terminal amino acid analysis of PO purified from venom yielded a peptide sequence matching the predicted mature NH2 termini of POI and POII, confirming the authenticity of the signal peptide and indicating that proteolytic processing, other than to remove the signal peptide, does not occur in the wasp. Expression of POI, analysed by Northern hybridization, was approximately uniform from the time of adult emergence to day 6 post-emergence, after which it declined. A novel means of host immune suppression, mediated by the unregulated activity of venom PO in the haemocoel, is proposed.
Elaine H Richards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biochemical isolation of an insect haemocyte anti aggregation protein from the venom of the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca and identification of its gene
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2008Co-Authors: Elaine H Richards, Paulina M DaniAbstract:Pimpla hypochondriaca venom is complex and contains a number of different proteins and polypeptides that exert a variety of effects on insect physiology. In particular, it possesses factors with potent anti-haemocyte and immunosuppressive properties. In the current work, we describe the biochemical isolation of a single venom factor with insect haemocyte anti-aggregation properties. The protein was isolated using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, in conjunction with a qualitative in vitro haemocyte anti-aggregation assay to monitor activity and confirm identity. The protein has a molecular weight estimate of 33 kDa (determined by SDS PAGE under reducing conditions), and an N-terminal sequence of Asp-Ser-Asp-Ile-Tyr-Leu-Leu. The biochemically isolated protein has been demonstrated to inhibit haemocyte aggregation and to suppress encapsulation responses, using in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. Furthermore, its gene has been identified as vpr3. The work is presented within the context of the role of P. hypochondriaca venom and the isolated protein in host immune suppression.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, esterase, β-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p -nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p -nitrophenol/min/μg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC 50 4.2 × 10 − 4 M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, esterase, beta-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p-nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/microg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC(50) 4.2 x 10(-4) M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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venom from the pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla hypochondriaca increases the susceptibility of larval lacanobia oleracea to the entomopathogens bacillus cereus and beauveria bassiana
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2004Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Cellular immune responses in insects protect them against parasites and pathogens that enter their hemocoel. Venom from the solitary pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca, has previously been shown to suppress certain key, cell-mediated immune responses of Lacanobia oleracea. Experiments were performed to determine if L. oleracea larvae injected with P. hypochondriaca venom would be more susceptible to Bacillus cereus, or Beauveria bassiana, when these microorganisms were subsequently injected. Mortality due to B. cereus (approximately 15 colony-forming units [CFU]/larva) and B. bassiana (approximately 2.4 × 103 conidia/larva) was enhanced by prior injection of 4 μg of venom. In addition, injection of venom/Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) or DPBS/B. bassiana reduced the rate at which larvae gained weight compared to control larvae. However, the greatest reduction in weight was recorded for larvae that had been injected with venom/B. bassiana conidia.
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antibacterial and proteolytic activity in venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, R E Isaac, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the endoparasitic wasp, Pimpla hypochondriaca , is composed of a mixture of high and low molecular weight proteins, possesses phenoloxidase activity, has immunosuppressive properties, and induces paralysis in several insect species. In the present study we demonstrate that P. hypochondriaca venom also contains antibacterial and proteolytic activity. Antibacterial activity was detected against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Xanthamonas campestris but not against Psuedomonas syringae nor against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis . Endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activity in venom was detected using the synthetic fluorogenic substrates N - t -BOC-Phe–Ser–Arg-AMC, Arg-AMC and Leu–Arg. The aminopeptidase activity towards Arg-AMC was sensitive to amastatin (70% inhibition), an aminopeptidase inhibitor. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-like enzyme activity was detected, by reverse-phase HPLC using the synthetic tripeptide Hip–His–Leu as a substrate. This activity was sensitive to captopril, an ACE inhibitor (IC 50 3.8×10 −8 M). Using an antiserum raised against recombinant Drosophila melanogaster ACE-like enzyme, (rAnce), Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive protein, with a molecular weight estimate of 74 kDa, in P. hypochondriaca venom. The possibility that the endopeptidase, aminopeptidase and ACE are involved in the processing of peptide precursors in the venom sac is discussed.
Fevzi Uçkan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of indol 3 acetic acid on the biology of galleria mellonella and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae
Belgian Journal of Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Fevzi Uçkan, Rabia Ozbek, Ekrem ErginAbstract:The effects of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) were investigated on biological parameters of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus 1758) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on hosts treated with 50 to 10,000 ppm of IAA in their diet. Percent fecundity of first generation of G. mellonella females increased by 12% at 50 ppm whereas the most effective decrease, by >33%, was observed at 5,000 ppm. Percent fertility decreased by >20% at 1,000 ppm. All treatments displayed ±5% variations when compared to controls except for a >20% increase in corrected percent sterility at 1,000 ppm. The results did not reveal any considerable effect of IAA on egg hatching, larval and pupal developmental, or adult emergence times. The most striking effect observed was a decline in second generation pupal developmental time by >47% at 1,000 and 10,000 ppm. No dose-wise alterations were observed in adult longevity, weight, size and female sex ratio of G. mellonella . Treatment with IAA caused a slight prolongation in adult emergence and decrease in longevity of P. turionellae reared on hosts; longevity of wasps declined by >27% at higher doses. Neither wasp size nor weight displayed significant changes upon IAA treatment.
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Indole-3-Acetic Acid induced oxidative stress in model host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal, 2019Co-Authors: D Özyılmaz, R Özbek, Hülya Altuntaş, Fevzi UçkanAbstract:Investigation of the antioxidant and oxidative effects of dietary indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on pest Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was aimed in this study. Different doses of dietary IAA (50-10,000 ppm) caused an increase in lipid peroxidation in the hemolymph of the host, G. mellonella (L.) and its endoparasitoid P. turionellae (L.). When compared to the control, higher doses of dietary IAA decreased CAT, SOD and GST enzymes’ activities in G. mellonella. At higher IAA doses, the activity of SOD enzyme in the hemolymph of P. turionellae significantly decreased while CAT enzyme activity showed no significant change when compared to the control. Additionally, GST activity in the endoparasitoid larval hemolymph significantly increased at 500 and 1000 ppm IAA doses. These findings indicate that incorporating IAA in the diet of model host G. mellonella larvae leads to oxidative stress and, also negatively affects the survivability of both the host and its endoparasitoid.
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alterations in hemolymph carbohydrate and lipid composition of galleria mellonella lepidoptera pyralidae induced by parasitism and venom of Pimpla turionellae hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2016Co-Authors: Sevcan Kuleli, Fevzi UçkanAbstract:Paralytic, cytotoxic, and cytolytic effects of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) venom has previously been shown toward its natural host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The effects of P. turionellae venom and parasitization on hemolymph carbohydrate and lipid levels of the host larvae and pupae were studied in the present study for a more complete understanding of metabolic alterations that accompany parasitism. Larval and pupal carbohydrate levels were increased at 4 and 24 h posttreatment at lower venom doses. Venom-induced reductions were only observed at the highest venom dose in larval stage at two time points posttreatment. Parasitization reduced the pupal hemolymph carbohydrate at 24 h postoviposition compared to untreated control. The magnitude of differences in lipid content of larva was not dose dependent and fluctuated among treatments. However, in pupal stage venom caused an elevation in total lipid content except for 0.05 VRE. Total lipid amounts of G. mellonella pupae were reduced by > 50% postparasitization. We conclude that experimental envenomation and parasitization of G. mellonella by the idiobiont endoparasitoid P. turionellae altered carbohydrate and lipid contents depending on host developmental stage.
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effects of gibberellic acid on hemolymph free amino acids of galleria mellonella lepidoptera pyralidae and endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Hülya Altuntaş, Fevzi Uçkan, A Y Kilic, Ekrem ErginAbstract:ABSTRACT The impacts of the plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA3) were investigated on hemolymph free amino acids (FAAs) of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on host treated with different doses (50–5,000 ppm) of GA3 in diet. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the hemolymph revealed that out of the 20 amino acids detected, 18 FAAs were found in the hemolymph of treated and untreated host larvae, whereas 19 were present in that of parasitoid. The total pool of FAAs in host larvae after treatment by GA3 fluctuated among doses and the ratio of essential amino acids in the pool increased to reach 9.54% at 1,000 ppm. Parasitoid larval total FAA concentration exhibited an increase at all treatments. However, the ratio of essential amino acids in the pool decreased >50% at all doses except for 50 ppm. Dose-dependent variations in individual FAAs in larval hemolymph of both species were ...
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testosterone progesterone and fsh levels in Pimpla turionellae l hymenoptera ichneumonidae and its host galleria mellonella l lepidoptera pyralidae
Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2012Co-Authors: Fevzi Uçkan, Deniz Cevirgen, E R AylinAbstract:Various vertebrate-type steroid and gonadotropin hormones have been identified in invertebrates, including insects; however, studies in this area are not sufficient to presume a generalized role for these hormones. We identified testosterone, progesterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the whole-body homogenates of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Testosterone concentration significantly decreased from early instars to last instars and pupal stages of G. mellonella; however, no significant difference was observed in progesterone levels at different stages. FSH concentration reached the highest level at the pupal stage of G. mellonella. No significant difference was observed in testosterone, progesterone, and FSH concentrations in young and mature adults of the parasitoid P. turionellae for both sexes. We also monitored the changes in testosterone, progesterone, and FSH levels over 2, 6, and 24 h in parasitized G. mellonella pupae. During the experimental periods no significant difference in hormone levels was found between controls and parasitized G. mellonella pupae.
M P Dani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, esterase, beta-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p-nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/microg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC(50) 4.2 x 10(-4) M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2005Co-Authors: M P Dani, John P Edwards, Elaine H RichardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, esterase, β-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p -nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p -nitrophenol/min/μg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC 50 4.2 × 10 − 4 M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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venom from the pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla hypochondriaca increases the susceptibility of larval lacanobia oleracea to the entomopathogens bacillus cereus and beauveria bassiana
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2004Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Cellular immune responses in insects protect them against parasites and pathogens that enter their hemocoel. Venom from the solitary pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca, has previously been shown to suppress certain key, cell-mediated immune responses of Lacanobia oleracea. Experiments were performed to determine if L. oleracea larvae injected with P. hypochondriaca venom would be more susceptible to Bacillus cereus, or Beauveria bassiana, when these microorganisms were subsequently injected. Mortality due to B. cereus (approximately 15 colony-forming units [CFU]/larva) and B. bassiana (approximately 2.4 × 103 conidia/larva) was enhanced by prior injection of 4 μg of venom. In addition, injection of venom/Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) or DPBS/B. bassiana reduced the rate at which larvae gained weight compared to control larvae. However, the greatest reduction in weight was recorded for larvae that had been injected with venom/B. bassiana conidia.
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antibacterial and proteolytic activity in venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: M P Dani, Elaine H Richards, R E Isaac, John P EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Venom from the endoparasitic wasp, Pimpla hypochondriaca , is composed of a mixture of high and low molecular weight proteins, possesses phenoloxidase activity, has immunosuppressive properties, and induces paralysis in several insect species. In the present study we demonstrate that P. hypochondriaca venom also contains antibacterial and proteolytic activity. Antibacterial activity was detected against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Xanthamonas campestris but not against Psuedomonas syringae nor against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis . Endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activity in venom was detected using the synthetic fluorogenic substrates N - t -BOC-Phe–Ser–Arg-AMC, Arg-AMC and Leu–Arg. The aminopeptidase activity towards Arg-AMC was sensitive to amastatin (70% inhibition), an aminopeptidase inhibitor. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-like enzyme activity was detected, by reverse-phase HPLC using the synthetic tripeptide Hip–His–Leu as a substrate. This activity was sensitive to captopril, an ACE inhibitor (IC 50 3.8×10 −8 M). Using an antiserum raised against recombinant Drosophila melanogaster ACE-like enzyme, (rAnce), Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive protein, with a molecular weight estimate of 74 kDa, in P. hypochondriaca venom. The possibility that the endopeptidase, aminopeptidase and ACE are involved in the processing of peptide precursors in the venom sac is discussed.
Ekrem Ergin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of indol 3 acetic acid on the biology of galleria mellonella and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae
Belgian Journal of Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Fevzi Uçkan, Rabia Ozbek, Ekrem ErginAbstract:The effects of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) were investigated on biological parameters of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus 1758) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on hosts treated with 50 to 10,000 ppm of IAA in their diet. Percent fecundity of first generation of G. mellonella females increased by 12% at 50 ppm whereas the most effective decrease, by >33%, was observed at 5,000 ppm. Percent fertility decreased by >20% at 1,000 ppm. All treatments displayed ±5% variations when compared to controls except for a >20% increase in corrected percent sterility at 1,000 ppm. The results did not reveal any considerable effect of IAA on egg hatching, larval and pupal developmental, or adult emergence times. The most striking effect observed was a decline in second generation pupal developmental time by >47% at 1,000 and 10,000 ppm. No dose-wise alterations were observed in adult longevity, weight, size and female sex ratio of G. mellonella . Treatment with IAA caused a slight prolongation in adult emergence and decrease in longevity of P. turionellae reared on hosts; longevity of wasps declined by >27% at higher doses. Neither wasp size nor weight displayed significant changes upon IAA treatment.
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effects of gibberellic acid on hemolymph free amino acids of galleria mellonella lepidoptera pyralidae and endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Hülya Altuntaş, Fevzi Uçkan, A Y Kilic, Ekrem ErginAbstract:ABSTRACT The impacts of the plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA3) were investigated on hemolymph free amino acids (FAAs) of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on host treated with different doses (50–5,000 ppm) of GA3 in diet. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the hemolymph revealed that out of the 20 amino acids detected, 18 FAAs were found in the hemolymph of treated and untreated host larvae, whereas 19 were present in that of parasitoid. The total pool of FAAs in host larvae after treatment by GA3 fluctuated among doses and the ratio of essential amino acids in the pool increased to reach 9.54% at 1,000 ppm. Parasitoid larval total FAA concentration exhibited an increase at all treatments. However, the ratio of essential amino acids in the pool decreased >50% at all doses except for 50 ppm. Dose-dependent variations in individual FAAs in larval hemolymph of both species were ...
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tedrici azalan sicakligin Pimpla turionellae hymenoptera ichneumonidae nin ergin oncesi gelisim suresi ergin cikis esey orani ve agirligina etkileri
Ekoloji, 2012Co-Authors: Rahile Ozturk, Zahide Ulya Nurullahoglu, Ekrem ErginAbstract:Ozet Laboratuvar sartlarinda Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) puplarinda yetistirilen endoparazitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)'nin larval evresine, konak icinde iken uygulanan tedrici azalan sicakligin etkileri arastirildi. Parazitlenen konak puplari sirasiyla 25, 20, 15 ve 10°C'de 3'er gun ve takiben dort farkli deney grubunda 4°C'de 2, 3, 4 ve 5 gun bekletildi. Uygulamalar sonucunda cikan bireylerin erginlesme sureleri, cinsiyetleri ve agirliklari tespit edildi. Disi ve erkek bireylerde ergin cikis suresinin kontrol grubuna gore uzadigi ve bu surenin ozellikle dusuk sicaklikta 5 gun bekletilen deney grubundan cikan bireylerde yaklasik %50 oraninda arttigi gozlendi. Ergin cikis yuzdesi dusuk sicaklikta (4°C) bekletme suresinin artmasiyla beraber azaldi. Kontrol grubunda erginlesen disi ve erkek bireylerin yuzdeleri hemen hemen esitken, dusuk sicaklik uygulama suresinin artisiyla beraber erginlesen bireylerde disi yuzdesinin erkek bireylerin yuzdesine gore daha yuksek oldugu tespit edildi. 4°C'de bekletme suresinin uzamasi ile disi bireylerin agirliginda azalma meydana gelirken erkek bireylerin agirliginda fark bulunmadi. Bununla beraber dusuk sicaklik uygulamasi sonrasinda cikan bireylerin agirligi ile kontrol grubundan cikan bireylerin agirliklari arasinda istatistiksel bir fark tespit edilmedi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ergin agirligi, ergin cikis orani, ergin oncesi gelisim, hymenoptera, Pimpla turionellae, tedrici azalan sicaklik. Abstract The effects of gradually decreased temperature on pre-adult development of endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pupae at laboratory conditions were investigated. Parasitized host pupae were acclimated at a gradually decreased temperature; for 3 days at each 25, 20, 15 and 10°C, and then kept in separate four groups for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days at 4°C. Pre- adult development time, adult emergence, sex ratio and weight of wasps were determined for each treatment. Adult emergence of treatment groups lasted longer than controls for both sex and that time was observed to increase approximately 50% in the adult from experimental group which was kept for 5 days at 4°C. Adult emergence ratio also decreased by increasing acclimation time at 4°C. While ratio of adult emergence of female was equal with that of male in the control group, that of female was found to be more than that of adult male by increasing acclimation time at 4°C. The weight of females decreased while there was no difference in that of males. However, the data showed that any difference wasn't statically determined between the weigh of the control and experimental groups.
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effects of parasitization and envenomation by the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae hymenoptera ichneumonidae on hemocyte numbers morphology and viability of its host galleria mellonella lepidoptera pyralidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2010Co-Authors: Fevzi Uçkan, Ekrem Ergin, David B Rivers, Olga SakAbstract:ABSTRACT Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) contains a mixture of biologically active components, which display potent paralytic, cytotoxic, and cytolytic effects toward hosts. Here, we further investigate whether parasitism or envenomation by P. turionellae alters hemocyte numbers of its host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Total hemocyte counts declined sharply in pupae and larvae of G. mellonella exposed to P. turionellae. These same cellular responses occurred when wasp venom was artificially injected into hosts, suggesting that venom alone induces cytotoxicity in hemocytes. Analysis of the differential hemocyte counts in untreated pupae and larvae revealed that more than half of the circulating hemocytes were granular cells followed by plasmatocytes. Parasitism reduced the number of granular cells while increasing the number of plasmatocytes. This trend was most evident at 4 h postparasitism, and a similar trend was observed with th...
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effects of cypermethrin on total body weight glyco gen protein and lipid contents of Pimpla turionellae l hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Belgian Journal of Zoology, 2006Co-Authors: Olga Sak, Fevzi Uçkan, Ekrem ErginAbstract:We investigated the changes in total body weight, glycogen, protein, and lipid contents of the endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) reared on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) exposed to various sublethal doses of cypermethrin added to the food of host larvae. Cypermethrin affected the total body weight of larvae, pupae, and adult females but not males. Results revealed that the levels of glycogen, protein, and lipid in all stages and sexes of the wasp tended to decline with respect to con- trols. Females showed the most striking decrease in glycogen content whereas larvae were more susceptible to cypermethrin than pupae and adults in terms of decrease in protein and lipid contents.
