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E Tarazona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measuring beam sizes and ultra small electron emittances using an x ray Pinhole Camera
    Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 1995
    Co-Authors: Philippe Elleaume, C Fortgang, Claude Penel, E Tarazona
    Abstract:

    A very simple Pinhole Camera set-up has been built to diagnose the electron beam emittance of the ESRF. The Pinhole is placed in the air next to an Al window. An image is obtained with a CCD Camera imaging a fluorescent screen. The emittance is deduced from the size of the image. The relationship between the measured beam size and the electron beam emittance depends upon the lattice functions α, β and η, the screen resolution, Pinhole size and photon beam divergence. The set-up is capable of measuring emittances as low as 5 pm rad and is presently routinely used as both an electron beam imaging device and an emittance diagnostic.

  • measuring beam sizes and ultra small electron emittances using an x ray Pinhole Camera
    Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 1995
    Co-Authors: Philippe Elleaume, C Fortgang, Claude Penel, E Tarazona
    Abstract:

    A very simple Pinhole Camera set-up has been built to diagnose the electron beam emittance of the ESRF. The Pinhole is placed in the air next to an Al window. An image is obtained with a CCD Camera imaging a fluorescent screen. The emittance is deduced from the size of the image. The relationship between the measured beam size and the electron beam emittance depends upon the lattice functions alpha, beta and eta, the screen resolution, Pinhole size and photon beam divergence. The set-up is capable of measuring emittances as low as 5 pm rad and is presently routinely used as both an electron beam imaging device and an emittance diagnostic.

Philippe Elleaume - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measuring beam sizes and ultra small electron emittances using an x ray Pinhole Camera
    Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 1995
    Co-Authors: Philippe Elleaume, C Fortgang, Claude Penel, E Tarazona
    Abstract:

    A very simple Pinhole Camera set-up has been built to diagnose the electron beam emittance of the ESRF. The Pinhole is placed in the air next to an Al window. An image is obtained with a CCD Camera imaging a fluorescent screen. The emittance is deduced from the size of the image. The relationship between the measured beam size and the electron beam emittance depends upon the lattice functions α, β and η, the screen resolution, Pinhole size and photon beam divergence. The set-up is capable of measuring emittances as low as 5 pm rad and is presently routinely used as both an electron beam imaging device and an emittance diagnostic.

  • measuring beam sizes and ultra small electron emittances using an x ray Pinhole Camera
    Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 1995
    Co-Authors: Philippe Elleaume, C Fortgang, Claude Penel, E Tarazona
    Abstract:

    A very simple Pinhole Camera set-up has been built to diagnose the electron beam emittance of the ESRF. The Pinhole is placed in the air next to an Al window. An image is obtained with a CCD Camera imaging a fluorescent screen. The emittance is deduced from the size of the image. The relationship between the measured beam size and the electron beam emittance depends upon the lattice functions alpha, beta and eta, the screen resolution, Pinhole size and photon beam divergence. The set-up is capable of measuring emittances as low as 5 pm rad and is presently routinely used as both an electron beam imaging device and an emittance diagnostic.

S Gammino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • x ray Pinhole Camera setups used in the atomki ecr laboratory for plasma diagnostics
    Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Racz, D Mascali, Claudia Caliri, S Biri, J Palinkas, G Castro, F Romano, S Gammino
    Abstract:

    Imaging of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas by using CCD Camera in combination with a Pinhole is a non-destructive diagnostics method to record the strongly inhomogeneous spatial density distribution of the X-ray emitted by the plasma and by the chamber walls. This method can provide information on the location of the collisions between warm electrons and multiple charged ions/atoms, opening the possibility to investigate the direct effect of the ion source tuning parameters to the plasma structure. The first successful experiment with a Pinhole X-ray Camera was carried out in the Atomki ECR Laboratory more than 10 years ago. The goal of that experiment was to make the first ECR X-ray photos and to carry out simple studies on the effect of some setting parameters (magnetic field, extraction, disc voltage, gas mixing, etc.). Recently, intensive efforts were taken to investigate now the effect of different RF resonant modes to the plasma structure. Comparing to the 2002 experiment, this campai...

  • x ray Pinhole Camera setups used in the atomki ecr laboratory for plasma diagnostics
    Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Racz, D Mascali, Claudia Caliri, S Biri, J Palinkas, G Castro, F Romano, S Gammino
    Abstract:

    Imaging of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas by using CCD Camera in combination with a Pinhole is a non-destructive diagnostics method to record the strongly inhomogeneous spatial density distribution of the X-ray emitted by the plasma and by the chamber walls. This method can provide information on the location of the collisions between warm electrons and multiple charged ions/atoms, opening the possibility to investigate the direct effect of the ion source tuning parameters to the plasma structure. The first successful experiment with a Pinhole X-ray Camera was carried out in the Atomki ECR Laboratory more than 10 years ago. The goal of that experiment was to make the first ECR X-ray photos and to carry out simple studies on the effect of some setting parameters (magnetic field, extraction, disc voltage, gas mixing, etc.). Recently, intensive efforts were taken to investigate now the effect of different RF resonant modes to the plasma structure. Comparing to the 2002 experiment, this campaign used wider instrumental stock: CCD Camera with a lead Pinhole was placed at the injection side allowing X-ray imaging and beam extraction simultaneously. Additionally, Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) and High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors were installed to characterize the volumetric X-ray emission rate caused by the warm and hot electron domains. In this paper, detailed comparison study on the two X-ray Camera and detector setups and also on the technical and scientific goals of the experiments is presented.

  • macro and micro full field x ray fluorescence with an x ray Pinhole Camera presenting high energy and high spatial resolution
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: F Romano, L Cosentino, S Gammino, D Mascali, L Pappalardo, F Rizzo, Claudia Caliri, L Giuntini, L Neri, F Taccetti
    Abstract:

    This work describes a tabletop (50 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm) full field X-ray Pinhole Camera (FF-XPC) presenting high energy- and high spatial-resolution. The FF-XPC consists of a conventional charge-coupled device (CCD) detector coupled, in a coaxial geometry, to a Pinhole collimator of small diameter. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is induced on the samples with an external low-power X-ray tube. The use of the CCD as an energy dispersive X-ray detector was obtained by adopting a multi-image acquisition in single photon counting and by developing a processing algorithm to be applied in real-time to each of the acquired image-frames. This approach allowed the measurement of X-ray spectra with an energy resolution down to 133 eV at the reference value of 5.9 keV. The detection of the X-ray fluorescence through the Pinhole-collimator allowed the two-dimensional elemental mapping of the irradiated samples. Two magnifications (M), determined by the relative sample-Pinhole-CCD distances, are used in the present setup....

  • a new x ray Pinhole Camera for energy dispersive x ray fluorescence imaging with high energy and high spatial resolution
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2013
    Co-Authors: F Romano, C Altana, L Cosentino, L Celona, S Gammino, D Mascali, L Pappalardo, F Rizzo
    Abstract:

    Abstract A new X-ray Pinhole Camera for the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) imaging of materials with high-energy and high-spatial resolution, was designed and developed. It consists of a back-illuminated and deep depleted CCD detector (composed of 1024 × 1024 pixels with a lateral size of 13 μm) coupled to a 70 μm laser-drilled Pinhole-collimator, positioned between the sample under analysis and the CCD. The X-ray Pinhole Camera works in a coaxial geometry allowing a wide range of magnification values. The characteristic X-ray fluorescence is induced on the samples by irradiation with an external X-ray tube working at a maximum power of 100 W (50 kV and 2 mA operating conditions). The spectroscopic capabilities of the X-ray Pinhole Camera were accurately investigated. Energy response and energy calibration of the CCD detector were determined by irradiating pure target-materials emitting characteristic X-rays in the energy working-domain of the system (between 3 keV and 30 keV). Measurements were performed by using a multi-frame acquisition in single-photon counting. The characteristic X-ray spectra were obtained by an automated processing of the acquired images. The energy resolution measured at the Fe–Kα line is 157 eV. The use of the X-ray Pinhole Camera for the 2D resolved elemental analysis was investigated by using reference-patterns of different materials and geometries. The possibility of the elemental mapping of samples up to an area of 3 × 3 cm2 was demonstrated. Finally, the spatial resolution of the Pinhole Camera was measured by analyzing the profile function of a sharp-edge. The spatial resolution determined at the magnification values of 3.2 × and 0.8 × (used as testing values) is about 90 μm and 190 μm respectively.

D Mascali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • x ray Pinhole Camera setups used in the atomki ecr laboratory for plasma diagnostics
    Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Racz, D Mascali, Claudia Caliri, S Biri, J Palinkas, G Castro, F Romano, S Gammino
    Abstract:

    Imaging of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas by using CCD Camera in combination with a Pinhole is a non-destructive diagnostics method to record the strongly inhomogeneous spatial density distribution of the X-ray emitted by the plasma and by the chamber walls. This method can provide information on the location of the collisions between warm electrons and multiple charged ions/atoms, opening the possibility to investigate the direct effect of the ion source tuning parameters to the plasma structure. The first successful experiment with a Pinhole X-ray Camera was carried out in the Atomki ECR Laboratory more than 10 years ago. The goal of that experiment was to make the first ECR X-ray photos and to carry out simple studies on the effect of some setting parameters (magnetic field, extraction, disc voltage, gas mixing, etc.). Recently, intensive efforts were taken to investigate now the effect of different RF resonant modes to the plasma structure. Comparing to the 2002 experiment, this campai...

  • x ray Pinhole Camera setups used in the atomki ecr laboratory for plasma diagnostics
    Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Racz, D Mascali, Claudia Caliri, S Biri, J Palinkas, G Castro, F Romano, S Gammino
    Abstract:

    Imaging of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas by using CCD Camera in combination with a Pinhole is a non-destructive diagnostics method to record the strongly inhomogeneous spatial density distribution of the X-ray emitted by the plasma and by the chamber walls. This method can provide information on the location of the collisions between warm electrons and multiple charged ions/atoms, opening the possibility to investigate the direct effect of the ion source tuning parameters to the plasma structure. The first successful experiment with a Pinhole X-ray Camera was carried out in the Atomki ECR Laboratory more than 10 years ago. The goal of that experiment was to make the first ECR X-ray photos and to carry out simple studies on the effect of some setting parameters (magnetic field, extraction, disc voltage, gas mixing, etc.). Recently, intensive efforts were taken to investigate now the effect of different RF resonant modes to the plasma structure. Comparing to the 2002 experiment, this campaign used wider instrumental stock: CCD Camera with a lead Pinhole was placed at the injection side allowing X-ray imaging and beam extraction simultaneously. Additionally, Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) and High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors were installed to characterize the volumetric X-ray emission rate caused by the warm and hot electron domains. In this paper, detailed comparison study on the two X-ray Camera and detector setups and also on the technical and scientific goals of the experiments is presented.

  • macro and micro full field x ray fluorescence with an x ray Pinhole Camera presenting high energy and high spatial resolution
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: F Romano, L Cosentino, S Gammino, D Mascali, L Pappalardo, F Rizzo, Claudia Caliri, L Giuntini, L Neri, F Taccetti
    Abstract:

    This work describes a tabletop (50 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm) full field X-ray Pinhole Camera (FF-XPC) presenting high energy- and high spatial-resolution. The FF-XPC consists of a conventional charge-coupled device (CCD) detector coupled, in a coaxial geometry, to a Pinhole collimator of small diameter. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is induced on the samples with an external low-power X-ray tube. The use of the CCD as an energy dispersive X-ray detector was obtained by adopting a multi-image acquisition in single photon counting and by developing a processing algorithm to be applied in real-time to each of the acquired image-frames. This approach allowed the measurement of X-ray spectra with an energy resolution down to 133 eV at the reference value of 5.9 keV. The detection of the X-ray fluorescence through the Pinhole-collimator allowed the two-dimensional elemental mapping of the irradiated samples. Two magnifications (M), determined by the relative sample-Pinhole-CCD distances, are used in the present setup....

  • a new x ray Pinhole Camera for energy dispersive x ray fluorescence imaging with high energy and high spatial resolution
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2013
    Co-Authors: F Romano, C Altana, L Cosentino, L Celona, S Gammino, D Mascali, L Pappalardo, F Rizzo
    Abstract:

    Abstract A new X-ray Pinhole Camera for the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) imaging of materials with high-energy and high-spatial resolution, was designed and developed. It consists of a back-illuminated and deep depleted CCD detector (composed of 1024 × 1024 pixels with a lateral size of 13 μm) coupled to a 70 μm laser-drilled Pinhole-collimator, positioned between the sample under analysis and the CCD. The X-ray Pinhole Camera works in a coaxial geometry allowing a wide range of magnification values. The characteristic X-ray fluorescence is induced on the samples by irradiation with an external X-ray tube working at a maximum power of 100 W (50 kV and 2 mA operating conditions). The spectroscopic capabilities of the X-ray Pinhole Camera were accurately investigated. Energy response and energy calibration of the CCD detector were determined by irradiating pure target-materials emitting characteristic X-rays in the energy working-domain of the system (between 3 keV and 30 keV). Measurements were performed by using a multi-frame acquisition in single-photon counting. The characteristic X-ray spectra were obtained by an automated processing of the acquired images. The energy resolution measured at the Fe–Kα line is 157 eV. The use of the X-ray Pinhole Camera for the 2D resolved elemental analysis was investigated by using reference-patterns of different materials and geometries. The possibility of the elemental mapping of samples up to an area of 3 × 3 cm2 was demonstrated. Finally, the spatial resolution of the Pinhole Camera was measured by analyzing the profile function of a sharp-edge. The spatial resolution determined at the magnification values of 3.2 × and 0.8 × (used as testing values) is about 90 μm and 190 μm respectively.

Victor I. Balykin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nanolithography based on an atom Pinhole Camera for fabrication of metamaterials
    Metamaterials, 2009
    Co-Authors: Pavel N. Melentiev, A. V. Zablotskiy, D. A. Lapshin, Andrey S. Baturin, A A Kuzin, Victor I. Balykin
    Abstract:

    Abstract We have experimentally realized a method of images construction in atom optics, based on the idea of optical Pinhole Camera. Generation of identical images with maximum resolution has been explored. With the use of an atom Pinhole Camera we have built on a Si and glass surfaces an array of identical arbitrary-shape atomic nanostructures with the minimum size of an individual nanostructure’s element down to 50 nm. Limitations of the approach for fabrication of metamaterials are discovered.

  • Nanolithography based on an atom Pinhole Camera
    Nanotechnology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Pavel N. Melentiev, A. V. Zablotskiy, D. A. Lapshin, E P Sheshin, Andrey S. Baturin, Victor I. Balykin
    Abstract:

    In modern experimental physics the Pinhole Camera is used when the creation of a focusing element (lens) is difficult. We have experimentally realized a method of image construction in atom optics, based on the idea of an optical Pinhole Camera. With the use of an atom Pinhole Camera we have built an array of identical arbitrary-shaped atomic nanostructures with the minimum size of an individual nanostructure element down to 30 nm on an Si surface. The possibility of 30 nm lithography by means of atoms, molecules and clusters has been shown.

  • atom Pinhole Camera with nanometer resolution
    Jetp Letters, 2006
    Co-Authors: Victor I. Balykin, Pavel N. Melentiev, P A Borisov, V S Letokhov, S N Rudnev, A P Cherkun, A P Akimenko, Yu P Apel, V A Skuratov
    Abstract:

    An atom “Pinhole Camera” with nanometer resolution has been experimentally implemented for the first time. Owing to the use of this Camera, an array of ∼106 identical nanostructures of Cr atoms with a characteristic size of the nanostructure of less than 50 nm has been created on a glass surface. Nanostructures of arbitrary shapes have been created.