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Frances M D Gulland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hippocampal neuropathology of domoic acid induced epilepsy in california sea lions zalophus californianus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Paul S Buckmaster, Frances M D Gulland, Xiling Wen, Izumi Toyoda, William Van BonnAbstract:California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are abundant human-sized carnivores with large gyrencephalic brains. They develop epilepsy after experiencing status epilepticus when naturally exposed to domoic acid. We tested whether sea lions previously exposed to DA (chronic DA sea lions) display hippocampal neuropathology similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampi were obtained from control and chronic DA sea lions. Stereology was used to estimate numbers of Nissl-stained neurons per hippocampus in the granule cell layer, hilus, and pyramidal cell layer of CA3, CA2, and CA1 subfields. Adjacent sections were processed for somatostatin immunoreactivity or Timm-stained, and the extent of mossy fiber sprouting was measured stereologically. Chronic DA sea lions displayed hippocampal neuron loss in patterns and extents similar but not identical to those reported previously for human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Similar to human patients, hippocampal sclerosis in sea lions was unilateral in 79% of cases, mossy fiber sprouting was a common neuropathological abnormality, and somatostatin-immunoreactive axons were exuberant in the dentate gyrus despite loss of immunopositive hilar neurons. Thus, hippocampal neuropathology of chronic DA sea lions is similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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evaluation of circulating eosinophil count and adrenal gland function in california sea lions naturally exposed to domoic acid
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012Co-Authors: Frances M D Gulland, Ailsa J Hall, Denise J Greig, Elizabeth R Frame, Kathleen M Colegrove, Rebecca K Booth, Samuel K Wasser, Catharine J ScottmoncrieffAbstract:Objective—To determine the effect of natural exposure to domoic acid (DA) on eosinophil counts and adrenal gland function in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Design—Cross-sectional prospective study. Animals—39 California sea lions. Procedures—Adult female sea lions admitted to a rehabilitation hospital during 2009 were classified into 1 of 3 groups (acute DA toxicosis, chronic DA toxicosis, or no DA exposure) on the basis of clinical signs, DA concentration in urine or feces, and hippocampal morphology. Endoparasite burden, eosinophil count, and serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations were determined for each sea lion. For a subset of 8 sea lions, fecal glucocorticoid concentration after IM administration of cosyntropin was determined. Results—Sea lions exposed to DA (acute DA toxicosis, n = 11; chronic DA toxicosis, 19) had higher eosinophil counts and lower serum cortisol concentrations, compared with values for sea lions with no DA exposure (9). Eosinophil count was not associated ...
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The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Gina M. Ylitalo, Ailsa J Hall, Denise J Greig, John E. Stein, Lyndal L. Johnson, Karen L. Tilbury, Teri Rowles, Linda J. Lowenstine, Frances M D GullandAbstract:Wild California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have an unusually high prevalence of neoplasms (18% of stranded dead adults) and high levels of contaminants. The contribution of organochlorine (OC) tissue burdens to the probability of sea lions dying from carcinoma was explored using a logistic regression model. Levels of PCBs and DDTs were determined in blubber of sea lions diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma and animals that had died from non-carcinoma-related incidents (e.g., gunshot, domoic acid poisoning). Animals with carcinoma had higher mean concentrations (based on wet weight) of PCBs and DDTs (more than 85% and 30% higher, respectively) in blubber than did sea lions without carcinoma; the highest concentrations of OCs in the sea lions affected with carcinoma were measured in the males. Blubber thickness was significantly different between the two groups of sea lions, but after controlling for this difference, there was still a significant effect of PCBs, but not DDTs, on the probability of sea lions dying with carcinoma. Age, sex, mass and length did not affect the probability of dying from carcinoma.
Johnny Madigan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrigendum: Respiratory Function in Voluntary Participating Patagonia Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) in Sternal Recumbency.
Frontiers in Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas Fahlman, Johnny MadiganAbstract:1. A reference to the metabolic cost in Patagonia sea lions is missing in the first paragraph of the discussion. The following sentence should be corrected: The estimated resting metabolic rates were similar to those measured in Steller sea lions and California sea lions in water (Hurley and Costa, 2001; Fahlman et al., 2008, 2013) and Steller sea lions in air (Rosen and Trites, 2000).
Glenn R. Vanblaricom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Distribution of steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in relation to spring-spawning fish in SE Alaska
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005Co-Authors: Jamie N. Womble, Mary F. Willson, Michael F. Sigler, Brendan P. Kelly, Glenn R. VanblaricomAbstract:Energetic demands are high for Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus during spring, when females are pregnant and lactating and males are preparing for extended fasts on breeding territories. Therefore, we predicted that the distribution of sea lions in SE Alaska in spring would be influenced by the distribution of spring spawning aggregations of high-energy prey species (Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus). The spatial distribution of sea lions during spring reflected the distribution of spawning eulachon in northern Southeast Alaska, particularly in Lynn Canal and along the Yakutat forelands. Haulouts with peak numbers of sea lions in spring were located significantly closer to eulachon spawning sites than haulouts that peaked at other times of year. Some haulouts were occupied only during the eulachon spawning period. The maximum number of sea lions at haulouts in spring was inversely correlated with the distance to the closest eulachon aggregation and was positively associated with the number of eulachon within 20 km. Aerial surveys conducted every 7 to 10 d during March through May in 2002 and 2003 revealed large numbers of sea lions in the water at herring spawning sites in 2002 and 2003; however, there were no significant relationships between the number of herring spawning sites and number of sea lions (except at distances >60 km). The number of sea lions was greater at herring spawning sites in 2003, corresponding to higher herring biomass. Seasonally aggregated, high-energy prey species influence the seasonal distribution of sea lions and may be critical to their reproductive success.
D F Keet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hematologic and serum chemistry reference intervals for free ranging lions panthera leo
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: Miriam Maas, D F Keet, M NielenAbstract:Hematologic and serum chemistry values are used by veterinarians and wildlife researchers to assess health status and to identify abnormally high or low levels of a particular blood parameter in a target species. For free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) information about these values is scarce. In this study 7 hematologic and 11 serum biochemistry values were evaluated from 485 lions from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Significant differences between sexes and sub-adult (≤ 36 months) and adult (>36 months) lions were found for most of the blood parameters and separate reference intervals were made for those values. The obtained reference intervals include the means of the various blood parameter values measured in captive lions, except for alkaline phosphatase in the subadult group. These reference intervals can be utilized for free-ranging lions, and may likely also be used as reference intervals for captive lions.
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intradermal tuberculin testing of wild african lions panthera leo naturally exposed to infection with mycobacterium bovis
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: D F Keet, R G Bengis, Anita Luise Michel, Piet Becker, D S Van Dyk, M Van Vuuren, Victor P M G Rutten, B L PenzhornAbstract:African lions in the southern half of Kruger National Park (KNP) are infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Historically, reliable detection of mycobacteriosis in lions was limited to necropsy and microbiological analysis of lesion material collected from emaciated and ailing or repeat-offender lions. We report on a method of cervical intradermal tuberculin testing of lions and its interpretation capable of identifying natural exposure to M. bovis. Infected lions (n=52/95) were identified by detailed necropsy and mycobacterial culture. A large proportion of these confirmed infected lions (45/52) showed distinct responses to bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) while responses to avian tuberculin PPD were variable and smaller. Confirmed uninfected lions from non-infected areas (n=11) responded variably to avian tuberculin PPD only. Various non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were cultured from 45/95 lions examined, of which 21/45 were co-infected with M. bovis. Co-infection with M. bovis and NTM did not influence skin reactions to bovine tuberculin PPD. Avian tuberculin PPD skin reactions were larger in M. bovis-infected lions compared to uninfected ones. Since NTM co-infections are likely to influence the outcome of skin testing, stricter test interpretation criteria were applied. When test data of bovine tuberculin PPD tests were considered on their own, as for a single skin test, sensitivity increased (80.8-86.5%) but false positive rate for true negatives (18.75%) remained unchanged. Finally, the adapted skin test procedure was shown not to be impeded by persistent Feline Immunodeficiency Virus(Ple) co-infection.
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prevalence of bartonella infection in wild african lions panthera leo and cheetahs acinonyx jubatus
Veterinary Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Sophie Molia, D F Keet, Bruno B Chomel, Rickie W Kasten, C M Leutenegger, B R Steele, Laurie Marker, Janice S Martenson, R G Bengis, R P PetersonAbstract:Bartonella species are emerging pathogens that have been isolated worldwide from humans and other mammals. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of Bartonella infection in free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Blood and/or serum samples were collected from a convenience sample of 113 lions and 74 cheetahs captured in Africa between 1982 and 2002. Whole blood samples available from 58 of the lions and 17 of the cheetahs were cultured for evidence of Bartonella spp., and whole blood from 54 of the 58 lions and 73 of the 74 cheetahs tested for the presence of Bartonella DNA by TaqMan PCR. Serum samples from the 113 lions and 74 cheetahs were tested for the presence of antibodies against Bartonella henselae using an immunofluorescence assay. Three (5.2%) of the 58 lions and one (5.9%) of the 17 cheetahs were bacteremic. Two lions were infected with B. henselae, based on PCR/RFLP of the citrate synthase gene. The third lion and the cheetah were infected with previously unidentified Bartonella strains. Twenty-three percent of the 73 cheetahs and 3.7% of the 54 lions tested by TaqMan PCR were positive for Bartonella spp. B. henselae antibody prevalence was 17% (19/113) for the lions and 31% (23/74) for the cheetahs. The prevalence of seropositivity, bacteremia, and positive TaqMan PCR was not significantly different between sexes and age categories (juvenile versus adult) for both lions and cheetahs. Domestic cats are thus no longer the only known carriers of Bartonella spp. in Africa. Translocation of B. henselae seronegative and TaqMan PCR negative wild felids might be effective in limiting the spread of Bartonella infection.
M M Aggarwal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kaon femtoscopy in pb pb collisions at snn 2 76 tev
Physical Review C, 2017Co-Authors: Shreyasi Acharya, J Adam, M M Aggarwal, Z Ahammed, Michelangelo Agnello, Aglieri G Rinella, D Adamova, Nikita Agrawal, Jonatan Adolfsson, N AhmadAbstract:We present the results of three-dimensional femtoscopic analyses for charged and neutral kaons recorded by ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. Femtoscopy is used to measure the space-time characteristics of particle production from the effects of quantum statistics and final-state interactions in two-particle correlations. Kaon femtoscopy is an important supplement to that of Pions because it allows one to distinguish between different model scenarios working equally well for Pions. In particular, we compare the measured three-dimensional kaon radii with a purely hydrodynamical calculation and a model where the hydrodynamic phase is followed by a hadronic rescattering stage. The former predicts an approximate transverse mass (mT) scaling of source radii obtained from pion and kaon correlations. This mT scaling appears to be broken in our data, which indicates the importance of the hadronic rescattering phase at LHC energies. A kT scaling of pion and kaon source radii is observed instead. The time of maximal emission of the system is estimated by using the three-dimensional femtoscopic analysis for kaons. The measured emission time is larger than that of Pions. Our observation is well supported by the hydrokinetic model predictions.
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multiplicity dependence of charged pion kaon and anti proton production at large transverse momentum in p pb collisions at snn 5 02 tev
Physics Letters B, 2016Co-Authors: J Adam, M M Aggarwal, Z Ahammed, Michelangelo Agnello, Aglieri G Rinella, D Adamova, Nikita Agrawal, S Ahmad, S Aiola, A AkindinovAbstract:The production of charged Pions, kaons and (anti)protons has been measured at mid-rapidity ($-0.5 10$ GeV/$c$), the particle ratios are consistent with those reported for pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC energies. At intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ the (anti)proton $R_{\rm pPb}$ shows a Cronin-like enhancement, while Pions and kaons show little or no nuclear modification. At high $p_{\rm T}$ the charged pion, kaon and (anti)proton $R_{\rm pPb}$ are consistent with unity within statistical and systematic uncertainties.
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neutral pion production at midrapidity in pp and pb pb collisions at snn tev
European Physical Journal C, 2014Co-Authors: B Abelev, J Adam, M M Aggarwal, Z Ahammed, Michelangelo Agnello, D Adamova, Nikita Agrawal, A Agostinelli, Saul Aguilar Salazar, N AhmadAbstract:Invariant yields of neutral Pions at midrapidity in the transverse momentum range 0.6 < p T < 12 GeV/c mea-sured in Pb–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV are presented for six centrality classes. The pp reference spectrum was mea-sured in the range 0.4 < p T < 10 GeV/c at the same center-of-mass energy. The nuclear modification factor, R AA , shows a suppression of neutral Pions in central Pb–Pb collisions by a factor of up to about 8−10 for 5 p T 7 GeV/c. The presented measurements are compared with results at lower center-of-mass energies and with theoretical calculations.
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mass quark number and root s nn dependence of the second and fourth flow harmonics in ultrarelativistic nucleus nucleus collisions
Physical Review C, 2007Co-Authors: B I Abelev, M M Aggarwal, Z Ahammed, B D Anderson, D Arkhipkin, G S Averichev, Y Bai, J Balewski, O Barannikova, L S BarnbyAbstract:We present STAR measurements of the azimuthal anisotropyparameter v_2 for Pions, kaons, protons, Lambda, bar Lambda, Xi+bar Xi,and \Omega + bar Omega, along with v_4 for Pions, kaons, protons, andLambda + bar Lambda at mid-rapidity for Au+Au collisions at sqrt sNN=62.4and 200 GeV. The v_2(p_T) values for all hadron species at 62.4 GeV aresimilar to those observed in 130 and 200 GeV collisions. For observedkinematic ranges, v_2 values at 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV are as little as10 percent-15 percent larger than those in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt s NN=17.3 GeV. At intermediate transverse momentum (p_T from 1.5-5 GeV/c),the 62.4 GeV v_2(p_T) and v_4(p_T) values are consistent with thequark-number scaling first observed at 200 GeV. A four-particle cumulantanalysis is used to assess the non-flow contributions to Pions andprotons and some indications are found for a smaller non-flowcontribution to protons than Pions. Baryon v_2 is larger than anti-baryonv_2 at 62.4 and 200 GeV perhaps indicating either that the initialspatial net-baryon distribution is anisotropic, that the mechanismleading to transport of baryon number from beam- to mid-rapidity enhancesv_2, or that anti-baryon and baryon annihilation is larger in thein-plane direction.
