The Experts below are selected from a list of 11169 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Long Ji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated absorption mineralisation for energy efficient co2 sequestration reaction mechanism and feasibility of using fly ash as a feedstock
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Long Ji, Hai Yu, Bing Yu, Kaiqi Jiang, Mihaela Grigore, Xiaolong Wang, Shuaifei Zhao, Kangkang LiAbstract:Abstract The most critical challenge for the large-scale implementation of amine-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is the high energy consumption of absorbent thermal regeneration. To reduce the energy requirement, absorbent thermal regeneration can be replaced by a chemical method that integrates amine scrubbing, chemical regeneration and CO2 mineralisation in one process. However, the mechanisms of the process and the application of industrial waste as feedstocks have not been fully investigated. In the present work, we studied the integrated CO2 absorption–mineralisation process using the benchmark solvent monoethanolamine (MEA) as an amine absorbent and fly ash as a chemical regeneration agent. We investigated the mechanism involved in the mineralisation in detail and studied the performance of MEA in regeneration by mineralisation of calcium oxide (CaO) at various CO2-loadings. The performance stability of MEA was verified in multicycle CO2 absorption–mineralisation experiments. We also investigated the technical feasibility of using fly ash as a feedstock for absorbent regeneration. Our results show that MEA can be regenerated after a carbonation reaction with both calcium oxide and fly ash at 40 °C, and that the CO2 absorbed by MEA is precipitated as calcium carbonate. Compared with traditional thermal regeneration-based CO2 capture, the integrated CO2 absorption–mineralisation process displays a similar cyclic CO2-loading (0.21 mol/mol) but has great advantages in energy reduction and capital cost savings due to the smaller energy requirement of amine regeneration and the limitation of CO2 compression and Pipeline Transport. This technology has great potential for industrial application, particularly with CaO-containing wastes such as fly ash and carbide slag.
Il Moon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lng an eco friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development
Applied Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Satish Kumar, Hyouk Tae Kwon, Kwangho Choi, Wonsub Lim, Jae Hyun Cho, Kyungjae Tak, Il MoonAbstract:Abstract As the demand of natural gas has sharply increased in the last two decades at the global level, the Transportation of natural gas from different parts (gas producing to the consuming areas) of the world has become more significant. Liquefaction of natural gas provides a safer and economical alternative for Transportation and also increases its storage capabilities. The liquefaction process requires the natural gas to be cooled using various methods of cryogenic processes and also be depressurized to atmospheric conditions for easier and safer storage. LNG Transported in cryogenic vessels offers several advantages over Pipeline Transport of natural gas especially when the gas consuming areas are far away from the gas producing areas. Moreover, LNG as an automobile fuel has a definite edge over other fuels. This article presents an overview on the characteristics of LNG, present state of affairs of LNG, its import from overseas, CNG vs. LNG as an automobile fuel, eco-friendliness of natural gas fuel, etc. It also discusses the potential of natural gas production from different sources.
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lng an eco friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development
Applied Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Satish Kumar, Hyouk Tae Kwon, Kwangho Choi, Wonsub Lim, Jae Hyun Cho, Kyungjae Tak, Il MoonAbstract:As the demand of natural gas has sharply increased in the last two decades at the global level, the Transportation of natural gas from different parts (gas producing to the consuming areas) of the world has become more significant. Liquefaction of natural gas provides a safer and economical alternative for Transportation and also increases its storage capabilities. The liquefaction process requires the natural gas to be cooled using various methods of cryogenic processes and also be depressurized to atmospheric conditions for easier and safer storage. LNG Transported in cryogenic vessels offers several advantages over Pipeline Transport of natural gas especially when the gas consuming areas are far away from the gas producing areas. Moreover, LNG as an automobile fuel has a definite edge over other fuels.
Peter C Flynn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pipeline vs truck Transport of beef cattle manure
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Emad Ghafoori, Peter C Flynn, John J R FeddesAbstract:Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure can be conducted at a wide range of capacities. As capacity increases, economies of scale in capital equipment are realized but Transportation costs increase as manure must be carried longer distances to the plant site. In this study, we evaluate the cost of pipelining manure from beef cattle feedlots and digestate from an AD plant as an alternative to truck Transport. Pipeline Transportation cost for manure is minimized at a slurry concentration of about 12%; low concentrations require a larger Pipeline, and high concentrations require higher pumping costs. Pipelining costs are highly scale dependent, while trucking costs are virtually independent of scale for a given carrier size. A stand-alone manure Pipeline competes with trucking at 90,000 head of beef cattle. Digestate volume is about 2.4 times the volume of manure and a stand-alone digestate Pipeline is more economic than trucking at 21,000 head, and a two-way Pipeline at 29,000 head. Incremental net fixed costs for trans-shipment from truck to Pipeline are low for manure and zero for digestate because equipment installed at the Pipeline inlet eliminates the need for identical equipment within the digester plant. A manure Pipeline must run for a minimum distance to recover the incremental fixed cost of trans-shipment; at 300,000 animals, the minimum economic Pipeline distance is 9 km. Pipeline Transport of beef cattle manure has the potential to reduce overall Transportation cost to a large centralized digester in areas such as Dodge City, Kansas or Lethbridge, Alberta where very large numbers of beef cattle are in feedlots. A 50 km Pipeline carrying manure from 300,000 beef cattle has an overall Transport cost of 40% of ongoing truck Transport.
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development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking biomass feedstock collection and Transportation systems
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2006Co-Authors: Amit Kumar, Shahab Sokhansanj, Peter C FlynnAbstract:This study details multicriteria assessment methodology that integrates economic, social, environmental, and technical factors in order to rank alternatives for biomass collection and Transportation systems. Ranking of biomass collection systems is based on cost of delivered biomass, quality of biomass supplied, emissions during collection, energy input to the chain operations, and maturity of supply system technologies. The assessment methodology is used to evaluate alternatives for collecting 1.8 × 106 dry t/yr based on assumptions made on performance of various assemblies of biomass collection systems. A proposed collection option using loafer/stacker was shown to be the best option followed by ensiling and baling. Ranking of biomass Transport systems is based on cost of biomass Transport, emissions during Transport, traffic congestion, and maturity of different technologies. At a capacity of 4 × 106 dry t/yr, rail Transport was shown to be the best option, followed by truck Transport and Pipeline Transport, respectively. These rankings depend highly on assumed maturity of technologies and scale of utilization. These may change if technologies such as loafing or ensiling (wet storage) methods are proved to be infeasible for large-scale collection systems.
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Pipeline Transport and simultaneous saccharification of corn stover
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Amit Kumar, Jay B Cameron, Peter C FlynnAbstract:Abstract Pipeline Transport of corn stover delivered by truck from the field is evaluated against a range of truck Transport costs. Corn stover Transported by Pipeline at 20% solids concentration (wet basis) or higher could directly enter an ethanol fermentation plant, and hence the investment in the Pipeline inlet end processing facilities displaces comparable investment in the plant. At 20% solids, Pipeline Transport of corn stover costs less than trucking at capacities in excess of 1.4 M dry tonnes/yr when compared to a mid range of truck Transport cost (excluding any credit for economies of scale achieved in the ethanol fermentation plant from larger scale due to multiple Pipelines). Pipelining of corn stover gives the opportunity to conduct simultaneous Transport and saccharification (STS). If current enzymes are used, this would require elevated temperature. Heating of the slurry for STS, which in a fermentation plant is achieved from waste heat, is a significant cost element (more than 5 cents/l of ethanol) if done at the Pipeline inlet unless waste heat is available, for example from an electric power plant located adjacent to the Pipeline inlet. Heat loss in a 1.26 m Pipeline carrying 2 M dry tonnes/yr is about 5 °C at a distance of 400 km in typical prairie clay soils, and would not likely require insulation; smaller Pipelines or different soil conditions might require insulation for STS. Saccharification in the Pipeline would reduce the need for investment in the fermentation plant, saving about 0.2 cents/l of ethanol. Transport of corn stover in multiple Pipelines offers the opportunity to develop a large ethanol fermentation plant, avoiding some of the diseconomies of scale that arise from smaller plants whose capacities are limited by issues of truck congestion.
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Pipeline vs truck Transport of beef cattle manure
2003 2004 2005 Pacific Northwest Region Papers, 2005Co-Authors: Emad Ghafoori, Peter C Flynn, John J R FeddesAbstract:Anaerobic digestion of manure can be conducted at a wide range of capacities. As capacity increases, economies of scale in capital equipment are realized but Transportation costs increase as manure must be carried longer distances to the plant site. In this study we evaluate the cost of pipelining manure from beef cattle confined feeding operations, i.e. feedlots, as an alternative to truck Transport. Pipeline Transportation cost is minimized at a slurry concentration of about 12%; low concentrations require a larger Pipeline, and high concentrations require higher pumping costs. Pipelining costs are highly scale dependent, while trucking costs are virtually independent of scale. Manure starts its journey to a digester on a truck; pipelining of manure is more economic than ongoing truck Transport for manure from animals in excess of 95,000. Incremental net fixed costs for trans-shipment from truck to Pipeline are low for manure because equipment installed at the Pipeline inlet eliminates the need for identical equipment within the digester plant; the incremental fixed cost identified in this study is the cost of a Pipeline operator. A Pipeline must run for a minimum distance to recover the incremental fixed cost of trans-shipment; at 300,000 animals, the minimum economic Pipeline distance is 8 km. Pipeline Transport of beef cattle manure has the potential to reduce overall Transportation cost to a large centralized digester in areas such as Dodge City, Kansas or Lethbridge, Alberta where very large numbers of beef cattle are in feedlots. A 50 km Pipeline carrying manure from 300,000 beef cattle has a overall Transport cost of 60% of ongoing truck Transport.
John J R Feddes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pipeline vs truck Transport of beef cattle manure
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Emad Ghafoori, Peter C Flynn, John J R FeddesAbstract:Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure can be conducted at a wide range of capacities. As capacity increases, economies of scale in capital equipment are realized but Transportation costs increase as manure must be carried longer distances to the plant site. In this study, we evaluate the cost of pipelining manure from beef cattle feedlots and digestate from an AD plant as an alternative to truck Transport. Pipeline Transportation cost for manure is minimized at a slurry concentration of about 12%; low concentrations require a larger Pipeline, and high concentrations require higher pumping costs. Pipelining costs are highly scale dependent, while trucking costs are virtually independent of scale for a given carrier size. A stand-alone manure Pipeline competes with trucking at 90,000 head of beef cattle. Digestate volume is about 2.4 times the volume of manure and a stand-alone digestate Pipeline is more economic than trucking at 21,000 head, and a two-way Pipeline at 29,000 head. Incremental net fixed costs for trans-shipment from truck to Pipeline are low for manure and zero for digestate because equipment installed at the Pipeline inlet eliminates the need for identical equipment within the digester plant. A manure Pipeline must run for a minimum distance to recover the incremental fixed cost of trans-shipment; at 300,000 animals, the minimum economic Pipeline distance is 9 km. Pipeline Transport of beef cattle manure has the potential to reduce overall Transportation cost to a large centralized digester in areas such as Dodge City, Kansas or Lethbridge, Alberta where very large numbers of beef cattle are in feedlots. A 50 km Pipeline carrying manure from 300,000 beef cattle has an overall Transport cost of 40% of ongoing truck Transport.
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Pipeline vs truck Transport of beef cattle manure
2003 2004 2005 Pacific Northwest Region Papers, 2005Co-Authors: Emad Ghafoori, Peter C Flynn, John J R FeddesAbstract:Anaerobic digestion of manure can be conducted at a wide range of capacities. As capacity increases, economies of scale in capital equipment are realized but Transportation costs increase as manure must be carried longer distances to the plant site. In this study we evaluate the cost of pipelining manure from beef cattle confined feeding operations, i.e. feedlots, as an alternative to truck Transport. Pipeline Transportation cost is minimized at a slurry concentration of about 12%; low concentrations require a larger Pipeline, and high concentrations require higher pumping costs. Pipelining costs are highly scale dependent, while trucking costs are virtually independent of scale. Manure starts its journey to a digester on a truck; pipelining of manure is more economic than ongoing truck Transport for manure from animals in excess of 95,000. Incremental net fixed costs for trans-shipment from truck to Pipeline are low for manure because equipment installed at the Pipeline inlet eliminates the need for identical equipment within the digester plant; the incremental fixed cost identified in this study is the cost of a Pipeline operator. A Pipeline must run for a minimum distance to recover the incremental fixed cost of trans-shipment; at 300,000 animals, the minimum economic Pipeline distance is 8 km. Pipeline Transport of beef cattle manure has the potential to reduce overall Transportation cost to a large centralized digester in areas such as Dodge City, Kansas or Lethbridge, Alberta where very large numbers of beef cattle are in feedlots. A 50 km Pipeline carrying manure from 300,000 beef cattle has a overall Transport cost of 60% of ongoing truck Transport.
Kangkang Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated absorption mineralisation for energy efficient co2 sequestration reaction mechanism and feasibility of using fly ash as a feedstock
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Long Ji, Hai Yu, Bing Yu, Kaiqi Jiang, Mihaela Grigore, Xiaolong Wang, Shuaifei Zhao, Kangkang LiAbstract:Abstract The most critical challenge for the large-scale implementation of amine-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is the high energy consumption of absorbent thermal regeneration. To reduce the energy requirement, absorbent thermal regeneration can be replaced by a chemical method that integrates amine scrubbing, chemical regeneration and CO2 mineralisation in one process. However, the mechanisms of the process and the application of industrial waste as feedstocks have not been fully investigated. In the present work, we studied the integrated CO2 absorption–mineralisation process using the benchmark solvent monoethanolamine (MEA) as an amine absorbent and fly ash as a chemical regeneration agent. We investigated the mechanism involved in the mineralisation in detail and studied the performance of MEA in regeneration by mineralisation of calcium oxide (CaO) at various CO2-loadings. The performance stability of MEA was verified in multicycle CO2 absorption–mineralisation experiments. We also investigated the technical feasibility of using fly ash as a feedstock for absorbent regeneration. Our results show that MEA can be regenerated after a carbonation reaction with both calcium oxide and fly ash at 40 °C, and that the CO2 absorbed by MEA is precipitated as calcium carbonate. Compared with traditional thermal regeneration-based CO2 capture, the integrated CO2 absorption–mineralisation process displays a similar cyclic CO2-loading (0.21 mol/mol) but has great advantages in energy reduction and capital cost savings due to the smaller energy requirement of amine regeneration and the limitation of CO2 compression and Pipeline Transport. This technology has great potential for industrial application, particularly with CaO-containing wastes such as fly ash and carbide slag.