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Donald P Knowles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theileria equi isolates vary in susceptibility to imidocarb dipropionate but demonstrate uniform in vitro susceptibility to a bumped kinase inhibitor.
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Siddra A Hines, Joshua D Ramsay, Lowell S Kappmeyer, Audrey Ot Lau, Kayode K Ojo, Wesley C Van Voorhis, Donald P Knowles, Robert H MealeyAbstract:Background The apicomplexan hemoparasite Theileria equi is a causative agent of equine Piroplasmosis, eradicated from the United States in 1988. However, recent outbreaks have sparked renewed interest in treatment options for infected horses. Imidocarb dipropionate is the current drug of choice, however variation in clinical response to therapy has been observed.
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Review of equine Piroplasmosis.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2013Co-Authors: L.n. Wise, Lowell S Kappmeyer, Robert H Mealey, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:Equine Piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B. caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B. caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T. equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T. equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens.
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Outbreak of equine Piroplasmosis in Florida
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012Co-Authors: Michael A. Short, Donald P Knowles, Carol K. Clark, John W. Harvey, Wenzlow, Ian K. Hawkins, David R. Allred, Joseph L. Corn, Juanita F. Grause, Steven G. HennagerAbstract:Case Description—A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was hospitalized in Ocala, Fla, because of lethargy, fever, anorexia, and swelling of distal aspects of the limbs. A tentative diagnosis of equine Piroplasmosis (EP) was made on the basis of examination of a blood smear. The case was reported to the Florida State Veterinarian, and infection with Babesia equi was confirmed. The subsequent investigation included quarantine and testing of potentially exposed horses for B equi and Babesia caballi infections, tick surveillance, and owner-agent interviews. Clinical Findings—210 horses on 25 premises were tested for infection with EP pathogens. Twenty B equi–infected horses on 7 premises were identified; no horses tested positive for B caballi. Seven horses, including the index case, had clinical findings consistent with EP. Dermacentor variabilis was considered the only potential tick vector for B equi collected, and all D variabilis specimens tested negative for Babesia organisms via PCR assay. Results of the epidemiological investigation suggested that B equi was spread by use of shared needles and possibly blood transfusions. All horses that tested positive were involved in nonsanctioned Quarter Horse racing, and management practices were thought to pose substantial risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Treatment and Outcome—Final outcome of B equi–infected horses was euthanasia, death from undetermined causes, or shipment to a US federal research facility. Clinical Relevance—This investigation highlights the importance of collaboration between private veterinary practitioners, state veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and regulatory officials in the recognition, containment, and eradication of foreign animal disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240:588–595)
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Equine Piroplasmosis associated with Amblyomma cajennense Ticks, Texas, USA.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Glen A. Scoles, Angela M. Pelzel, Steven G. Hennager, H. Joel Hutcheson, Jack L. Schlater, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:We report an outbreak of equine Piroplasmosis in southern Texas, USA, in 2009. Infection prevalence reached 100% in some areas (292 infected horses). Amblyomma cajennense was the predominant tick and experimentally transmitted Theileria equi to an uninfected horse. We suggest that transmission by this tick species played a role in this outbreak.
Ikuo Igarashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flavonoid and galloyl glycosides isolated from saxifraga spinulosa and their antioxidative and inhibitory activities against species that cause Piroplasmosis
Journal of Natural Products, 2017Co-Authors: Duger Badral, Noboru Inoue, Ikuo Igarashi, Batsukh Odonbayar, Toshihiro Murata, Tserendorj Munkhjargal, Bumduuren Tuvshintulga, Keisuke Suganuma, Adelheid H. Brantner, Gendaram OdontuyaAbstract:Eight new flavonoid-based 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranosides (1–8) and three new galloyl glucosides (9, 11, 12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Saxifraga spinulosa, along with 25 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Most of the isolated compounds exhibited potent DPPH radical-scavenging activities. Further, their inhibitory activities were evaluated against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, protozoan parasites that cause Piroplasmosis in livestock. The results indicated that several of these compounds showed growth-inhibitory effects on such organisms that cause Piroplasmosis.
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Flavonoid and Galloyl Glycosides Isolated from Saxifraga spinulosa and Their Antioxidative and Inhibitory Activities against Species That Cause Piroplasmosis
2017Co-Authors: Duger Badral, Noboru Inoue, Ikuo Igarashi, Batsukh Odonbayar, Toshihiro Murata, Tserendorj Munkhjargal, Bumduuren Tuvshintulga, Keisuke Suganuma, Adelheid H. Brantner, Gendaram OdontuyaAbstract:Eight new flavonoid-based 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranosides (1–8) and three new galloyl glucosides (9, 11, 12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Saxifraga spinulosa, along with 25 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Most of the isolated compounds exhibited potent DPPH radical-scavenging activities. Further, their inhibitory activities were evaluated against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, protozoan parasites that cause Piroplasmosis in livestock. The results indicated that several of these compounds showed growth-inhibitory effects on such organisms that cause Piroplasmosis
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Epidemiological investigation of equine Piroplasmosis in China by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2013Co-Authors: Ming Wang, Ikuo Igarashi, Xuenan Xuan, Wei Guo, Xiaojun Wang, Wenhua Xiang, Honglin JiaAbstract:The objective of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of equine Piroplasmosis in China. A total of 1990 sera were collected from clinically healthy horses in various districts located in ten different provinces of China and examined by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with recombinant Theileria equi (T. equi) merozoite antigen 2 (rEMA-2) and Babesia caballi (B. caballi) 48-kDa rhoptry protein (rBc48), respectively. The results showed that 1,018 (51.16%) and 229 (11.51%) samples were positive for B. caballi and T. equi infection, respectively. The number of samples with mixed infection was 152 (7.64%). These results indicated that equine Piroplasmosis was widespread in China.
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Diagnosis of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses in Sudan using ELISA and PCR
Parasitology Research, 2008Co-Authors: B. O. M. Salim, Ikuo Igarashi, S. M. Hassan, M. A. Bakheit, A. Alhassan, P. Karanis, M. B. AbdelrahmanAbstract:The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine Piroplasmosis in Sudan. The presence of antibodies against Babesia caballi and Theileria equi was determined in serum samples obtained from 158 horses raised in different locations in Sudan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The B. caballi 48-kDa and the T. equi EMA-2 purified recombinant proteins were used as antigens in the ELISA test. Results showed that seven (4.4%) were positive for B. caballi and 80 (63.5%) were positive for T. equi . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been applied using primers targeting the B. caballi 48-kDa merozoite antigen, the T. equi SSUrRNA and the T. equi EMA-1 genes. PCR performed on 131 blood spots in filter paper revealed that 33 (25.2%) samples were positive for T. equi but no positives were found for B. caballi . It is concluded that equine Piroplasmosis is endemic in the country. This is the first study on serological and molecular epidemiological diagnosis on equine Piroplasmosis in Sudan.
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Epidemiological study of equine Piroplasmosis in Mongolia
Veterinary parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Damdinsuren Boldbaatar, Banzragch Battur, Ikuo Igarashi, Xuenan Xuan, Badgar Battsetseg, Zayat Batsukh, Badarch Bayambaa, Kozo FujisakiAbstract:The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of equine Piroplasmosis in Mongolia, a country in which the disease occurs epidemically in different climatic conditions. Antibodies to Babesia equi and B. caballi were determined in serum samples of 254 pastured horses in different locations of Mongolia using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant antigens. One hundred and eighty-five (72.8%) and 102 (40.1%) of all serum samples were positive for B. equi and B. caballi infections, respectively. In addition, 78 (30.7%) samples were positive for both B. equi and B. caballi infections. These results indicate that equine Piroplasmosis is widespread in Mongolia. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an epidemiological study on equine Piroplasmosis in different geographic regions in Mongolia.
Gad Baneth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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babesiosis due to the canine babesia microti like small piroplasm in dogs first report from portugal and possible vertical transmission
Parasites & Vectors, 2011Co-Authors: Paula Brilhante Simoes, Luis Cardoso, Manuela Araujo, Yael Yisascharmekuzas, Gad BanethAbstract:Background Canine babesiosis (or Piroplasmosis) is endemic in northern Portugal, but molecularly confirmed cases of infection with small piroplasms have not been reported in the country. Three German shepherd dogs - a bitch and its 2-month old pup and an unrelated male - clinically suspected of Piroplasmosis were assessed for babesial infection.
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Babesiosis due to the canine Babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - first report from Portugal and possible vertical transmission
Parasites & Vectors, 2011Co-Authors: Paula Brilhante Simoes, Luis Cardoso, Manuela Araujo, Yael Yisaschar-mekuzas, Gad BanethAbstract:Background Canine babesiosis (or Piroplasmosis) is endemic in northern Portugal, but molecularly confirmed cases of infection with small piroplasms have not been reported in the country. Three German shepherd dogs - a bitch and its 2-month old pup and an unrelated male - clinically suspected of Piroplasmosis were assessed for babesial infection. Results Parasitemia with small piroplasms was detected by microscopy in two dogs. All three dogs were positive by PCR and the Babesia microti -like small piroplasm (syn. Theileria annae ) was identified by DNA sequencing. These are the first confirmed cases of babesiosis caused by the B. microti -like piroplasm both in dogs from Portugal and in dogs suspected of clinical Piroplasmosis outside of Spain. Conclusions Although the bitch and the male had visited neighboring Galicia (northwestern Spain), where the disease is endemic, incursion of this piroplasm into northern Portugal is evident and infection of the non-traveled pup was due to either vertical transmission or autochthonous tick infection.
Paula Brilhante Simoes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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babesiosis due to the canine babesia microti like small piroplasm in dogs first report from portugal and possible vertical transmission
Parasites & Vectors, 2011Co-Authors: Paula Brilhante Simoes, Luis Cardoso, Manuela Araujo, Yael Yisascharmekuzas, Gad BanethAbstract:Background Canine babesiosis (or Piroplasmosis) is endemic in northern Portugal, but molecularly confirmed cases of infection with small piroplasms have not been reported in the country. Three German shepherd dogs - a bitch and its 2-month old pup and an unrelated male - clinically suspected of Piroplasmosis were assessed for babesial infection.
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Babesiosis due to the canine Babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - first report from Portugal and possible vertical transmission
Parasites & Vectors, 2011Co-Authors: Paula Brilhante Simoes, Luis Cardoso, Manuela Araujo, Yael Yisaschar-mekuzas, Gad BanethAbstract:Background Canine babesiosis (or Piroplasmosis) is endemic in northern Portugal, but molecularly confirmed cases of infection with small piroplasms have not been reported in the country. Three German shepherd dogs - a bitch and its 2-month old pup and an unrelated male - clinically suspected of Piroplasmosis were assessed for babesial infection. Results Parasitemia with small piroplasms was detected by microscopy in two dogs. All three dogs were positive by PCR and the Babesia microti -like small piroplasm (syn. Theileria annae ) was identified by DNA sequencing. These are the first confirmed cases of babesiosis caused by the B. microti -like piroplasm both in dogs from Portugal and in dogs suspected of clinical Piroplasmosis outside of Spain. Conclusions Although the bitch and the male had visited neighboring Galicia (northwestern Spain), where the disease is endemic, incursion of this piroplasm into northern Portugal is evident and infection of the non-traveled pup was due to either vertical transmission or autochthonous tick infection.
Robert H Mealey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theileria equi isolates vary in susceptibility to imidocarb dipropionate but demonstrate uniform in vitro susceptibility to a bumped kinase inhibitor.
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Siddra A Hines, Joshua D Ramsay, Lowell S Kappmeyer, Audrey Ot Lau, Kayode K Ojo, Wesley C Van Voorhis, Donald P Knowles, Robert H MealeyAbstract:Background The apicomplexan hemoparasite Theileria equi is a causative agent of equine Piroplasmosis, eradicated from the United States in 1988. However, recent outbreaks have sparked renewed interest in treatment options for infected horses. Imidocarb dipropionate is the current drug of choice, however variation in clinical response to therapy has been observed.
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Review of equine Piroplasmosis.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2013Co-Authors: L.n. Wise, Lowell S Kappmeyer, Robert H Mealey, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:Equine Piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B. caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B. caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T. equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T. equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens.