The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mehul T Dattani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pituitary Gland development an update
    Endocrine development, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rodrigo E Bancalari, Louise C Gregory, Mark J Mccabe, Mehul T Dattani
    Abstract:

    The embryonic development of the Pituitary Gland involves a complex and highly spatio-temporally regulated network of integrating signalling molecules and transcription factors. Genetic mutations in any of these factors can lead to congenital hypopituitarism in association with a wide spectrum of craniofacial/midline defects ranging from incompatibility with life to holoprosencephaly (HPE) and cleft palate and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). Increasing evidence supports a genotypic overlap with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal disorders such as Kallmann syndrome, which is consistent with the known overlap in phenotypes between these disorders. This chapter reviews the cascade of events leading up to the successful development of the Pituitary Gland and to highlight key areas where genetic variations can occur thus leading to congenital hypopituitarism and associated defects.

Michael G. Rosenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hedgehog signaling is required for Pituitary Gland development.
    Development (Cambridge England), 2001
    Co-Authors: M. Treier, Shawn M. O'connell, Anatoli S. Gleiberman, J. Price, Daniel P. Szeto, Robert W. Burgess, Pao-tien Chuang, Andrew P. Mcmahon, Michael G. Rosenfeld
    Abstract:

    Pituitary Gland development serves as an excellent model system in which to study the emergence of distinct cell types from a common primordium in mammalian organogenesis. We have investigated the role of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in outgrowth and differentiation of the Pituitary Gland using loss- and gain-of-function studies in transgenic mice. Shh is expressed throughout the ventral diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, but its expression is subsequently absent from the nascent Rathke9s pouch as soon as it becomes morphologically visible, creating a Shh boundary within the oral epithelium. We used oral ectoderm/Rathke9s pouch-specific 5′ regulatory sequences (Pitx1(HS)) from the bicoid related Pituitary homeobox gene (Pitx1) to target overexpression of the Hedgehog inhibitor Hip (Huntingtin interacting protein) to block Hedgehog signaling, finding that SHH is required for proliferation of the Pituitary Gland. In addition, we provide evidence that Hedgehog signaling, acting at the Shh boundary within the oral ectoderm, may exert a role in differentiation of ventral cell types (gonadotropes and thyrotropes) by inducing Bmp2 expression in Rathke9s pouch, which subsequently regulates expression of ventral transcription factors, particularly Gata2. Furthermore, our data suggest that Hedgehog signaling, together with FGF8/10 signaling, synergizes to regulate expression of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx3, which has been proved to be essential for initial Pituitary Gland formation. Thus, SHH appears to exert effects on both proliferation and cell-type determination in Pituitary Gland development.

Jeanlouis Alberini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Murad Atmaca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pituitary Gland volumes in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy
    Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2018
    Co-Authors: Murad Atmaca, Hanefi Yildirim, Seda Yilmaz, Neslihan Caglar, Sema Baykara, Yasemin Kekilli, Filiz Koseoglu, Hakan Turkcapar
    Abstract:

    Objective The beneficial effects of psychopharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the brain are not well understood. In a previous study, we found smaller Pituitary volumes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CBT on Pituitary Gland volume. Methods A total of 81 patients with various anxiety disorders and the same number of healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and their Pituitary Gland volumes were compared at baseline. Pituitary Gland volumes were also measured before and after CBT in the patient group. Results OCD patients had smaller Pituitary Gland volumes at baseline than healthy controls (0.54±0.29 cm3 for OCD patients vs. 0.82±0.30 cm3 for healthy controls; p 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate an absence of post-CBT volumetric changes in the Pituitary Gland of OCD patients.

  • Pituitary Gland in psychiatric disorders: a review of neuroimaging findings.
    Pituitary, 2013
    Co-Authors: Murad Atmaca
    Abstract:

    In this paper, it was reviewed neuroimaging results of the Pituitary Gland in psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. The author made internet search in detail by using PubMed database including the period between 1980 and 2012 October. It was included in the articles in English, Turkish and French languages on Pituitary Gland in psychiatric disorders through structural or functional neuroimaging results. After searching mentioned in the Methods section in detail, investigations were obtained on Pituitary Gland neuroimaging in a variety of psychiatric disorders. There have been so limited investigations on Pituitary neuroimaging in psychiatric disorders including major psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia and mood disorders. Current findings are so far from the generalizability of the results. For this reason, it is required to perform much more neuroimaging studies of Pituitary Gland in all psychiatric disorders to reach the diagnostic importance of measuring it.

S. C. Efremidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pituitary Gland height evaluated by MR in patients with β-thalassemia major: a marker of Pituitary Gland function
    Neuroradiology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Maria I. Argyropoulou, Dimitrios N. Kiortsis, Metafratzi Z, Bitsis S, Tsatoulis A, S. C. Efremidis
    Abstract:

    In transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major, increased iron deposition in the Pituitary Gland has a cytotoxic effect leading mainly to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Our purpose was to assess in these patients the height of the Pituitary Gland and to evaluate whether it represents a marker of Pituitary Gland function. In 29 patients with β-thalassemia major and 35 age- and gender-matched controls the Pituitary Gland height was evaluated in a midline sagittal scan using a spin echo T1-weighted (500/20 TR/TE) sequence. In all patients, an extensive endocrine evaluation was performed, including measurements of spontaneous and stimulated levels of gonadotropins, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and adrenal hormones. The Pituitary Gland height was lower in thalassemic patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (n=15) (mean 3.48; SD 0.46) than in the age- and gender-matched controls (mean 6.29; SD 0.77), (P