The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Eissenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, Placebo-Control study
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011Co-Authors: Melissa D. Blank, Caroline O. Cobb, Barbara Kilgalen, Janet Austin, Michael F. Weaver, Alan Shihadeh, Thomas EissenbergAbstract:Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking usually involves heating flavored tobacco with charcoal and inhaling the resulting smoke after it has passed through water. Waterpipe tobacco smoking increases heart rate and produces subjective effects similar to those reported by cigarette smokers. These responses are thought to be nicotine-mediated, though no Placebo-Control studies exist. Accordingly, this double-blind, Placebo-Control study compared the acute physiological and subjective effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking to those produced when participants used a waterpipe to smoke a flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation.
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Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, Placebo-Control study.
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011Co-Authors: Melissa D. Blank, Caroline O. Cobb, Barbara Kilgalen, Janet Austin, Michael F. Weaver, Alan Shihadeh, Thomas EissenbergAbstract:Waterpipe tobacco smoking usually involves heating flavored tobacco with charcoal and inhaling the resulting smoke after it has passed through water. Waterpipe tobacco smoking increases heart rate and produces subjective effects similar to those reported by cigarette smokers. These responses are thought to be nicotine-mediated, though no Placebo-Control studies exist. Accordingly, this double-blind, Placebo-Control study compared the acute physiological and subjective effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking to those produced when participants used a waterpipe to smoke a flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. Occasional waterpipe tobacco smokers (n = 37; 2-5 monthly smoking episodes for ≥ 6 months) completed two double-blind, counterbalanced sessions that differed by product: preferred brand/flavor of waterpipe tobacco or flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. For each 45-min, ad lib smoking episode blood and expired air CO were sampled, cardiovascular and respiratory response were measured, and subjective response was assessed. Waterpipe tobacco smoking significantly increased mean (± SEM) plasma nicotine concentration (3.6 ± 0.7 ng/ml) and heart rate (8.6 ± 1.4 bpm) while Placebo did not (0.1 ± 0.0 ng/ml; 1.3 ± 0.9b pm). For carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and expired air CO, significant increases were observed for tobacco (3.8 ± 0.4%; 27.9 ± 2.6 ppm) and for Placebo (3.9 ± 0.4%; 27.7 ± 3.3 ppm) with no differences across condition. Independent of condition, symptoms of nicotine/tobacco abstinence (e.g., "urges to smoke", "anxious") were reduced and direct effects (e.g., "dizzy", "satisfy") increased. These results from the first Placebo-Control study of waterpipe tobacco smoking demonstrate that waterpipe-induced heart rate increases are almost certainly mediated by nicotine though the subjective effects observed in these occasional smokers were not. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
S J Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response to fluoxetine and serotonin 1a receptor c 1019g polymorphism in taiwan chinese major depressive disorder
Pharmacogenomics Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Cj Hong, Tj Chen, S J TsaiAbstract:Serotonin systems appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of major depression and the therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressants. The firing rate of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons is Controlled by somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (HTR1A) autoreceptors, and desensitization of these receptors is implicated in the antidepressant mechanism of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We tested whether a functional polymorphism (C-1019G) in the promoter region of the HTR1A gene and serotonin-related genetic variants are related to fluoxetine antidepressant effect. We genotyped the HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism as well as polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (SERTPR), variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphisms in intron 2 (STin2) of the serotonin transporter gene, serotonin 2A receptor (T102C), tryptophan hydroxylase (A218C), and G-protein beta3 subunit (C825T) in 224 Chinese patients from southern Taiwan with major depression, who accepted 4-week fluoxetine treatment and therapeutic evaluation. Our results demonstrated that the HTR1A -1019C/C carriers (P=0.009) and SERTPR l/l carriers (P<0.001) showed a better response to fluoxetine, while other polymorphisms were not associated with fluoxetine therapeutic response. The major limitation of this study is the lack of a Placebo Control. Future prospective study with Placebo Control may help to predict and individualize antidepressant treatment.
Shihjen Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response to fluoxetine and serotonin 1a receptor c 1019g polymorphism in taiwan chinese major depressive disorder
Pharmacogenomics Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Chenjee Hong, Taijui Chen, Y W Yu, Shihjen TsaiAbstract:Serotonin systems appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of major depression and the therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressants. The firing rate of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons is Controlled by somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (HTR1A) autoreceptors, and desensitization of these receptors is implicated in the antidepressant mechanism of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We tested whether a functional polymorphism (C-1019G) in the promoter region of the HTR1A gene and serotonin-related genetic variants are related to fluoxetine antidepressant effect. We genotyped the HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism as well as polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (SERTPR), variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphisms in intron 2 (STin2) of the serotonin transporter gene, serotonin 2A receptor (T102C), tryptophan hydroxylase (A218C), and G-protein beta3 subunit (C825T) in 224 Chinese patients from southern Taiwan with major depression, who accepted 4-week fluoxetine treatment and therapeutic evaluation. Our results demonstrated that the HTR1A -1019C/C carriers (P=0.009) and SERTPR l/l carriers (P<0.001) showed a better response to fluoxetine, while other polymorphisms were not associated with fluoxetine therapeutic response. The major limitation of this study is the lack of a Placebo Control. Future prospective study with Placebo Control may help to predict and individualize antidepressant treatment.
Thomas Verse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scopolamine nasal spray in motion sickness a randomised Controlled and crossover study for the comparison of two scopolamine nasal sprays with oral dimenhydrinate and Placebo
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2001Co-Authors: Norbert Klocker, Wolfgang Hanschke, Susanne Toussaint, Thomas VerseAbstract:Scopolamine has been used successfully for treatment of motion sickness for almost a century and the nasal administration was first studied 50 years ago. However, there never appeared a nasal dosage form. Finally, after finding a stable and suitable formulation for scopolamine, a study to investigate efficacy, safety, and tolerability was conducted, with a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, Latin square design including Placebo Control and a Placebo/Placebo Control for internal validity at the German Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine. To assess the efficacy of a new, stable and well-tolerated formulation of scopolamine nasal spray the reproducible induction of whole body vibrations by a rotating chair was chosen and a validated seasickness score (SKS). The reduction of SKS showed that scopolamine nasal spray at a concentration of 0.2% was statistically superior to both Placebo and dimenhydrinate (P=0.003 and 0.004, respectively). There were no signs for a nasal or epipharyngeal irritation of the mucous membrane. Scopolamine nasal spray was found to be an effective and safe treatment in motion sickness, with a fast onset of action within 30 min after administration.
Melissa D. Blank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, Placebo-Control study
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011Co-Authors: Melissa D. Blank, Caroline O. Cobb, Barbara Kilgalen, Janet Austin, Michael F. Weaver, Alan Shihadeh, Thomas EissenbergAbstract:Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking usually involves heating flavored tobacco with charcoal and inhaling the resulting smoke after it has passed through water. Waterpipe tobacco smoking increases heart rate and produces subjective effects similar to those reported by cigarette smokers. These responses are thought to be nicotine-mediated, though no Placebo-Control studies exist. Accordingly, this double-blind, Placebo-Control study compared the acute physiological and subjective effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking to those produced when participants used a waterpipe to smoke a flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation.
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Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, Placebo-Control study.
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011Co-Authors: Melissa D. Blank, Caroline O. Cobb, Barbara Kilgalen, Janet Austin, Michael F. Weaver, Alan Shihadeh, Thomas EissenbergAbstract:Waterpipe tobacco smoking usually involves heating flavored tobacco with charcoal and inhaling the resulting smoke after it has passed through water. Waterpipe tobacco smoking increases heart rate and produces subjective effects similar to those reported by cigarette smokers. These responses are thought to be nicotine-mediated, though no Placebo-Control studies exist. Accordingly, this double-blind, Placebo-Control study compared the acute physiological and subjective effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking to those produced when participants used a waterpipe to smoke a flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. Occasional waterpipe tobacco smokers (n = 37; 2-5 monthly smoking episodes for ≥ 6 months) completed two double-blind, counterbalanced sessions that differed by product: preferred brand/flavor of waterpipe tobacco or flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. For each 45-min, ad lib smoking episode blood and expired air CO were sampled, cardiovascular and respiratory response were measured, and subjective response was assessed. Waterpipe tobacco smoking significantly increased mean (± SEM) plasma nicotine concentration (3.6 ± 0.7 ng/ml) and heart rate (8.6 ± 1.4 bpm) while Placebo did not (0.1 ± 0.0 ng/ml; 1.3 ± 0.9b pm). For carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and expired air CO, significant increases were observed for tobacco (3.8 ± 0.4%; 27.9 ± 2.6 ppm) and for Placebo (3.9 ± 0.4%; 27.7 ± 3.3 ppm) with no differences across condition. Independent of condition, symptoms of nicotine/tobacco abstinence (e.g., "urges to smoke", "anxious") were reduced and direct effects (e.g., "dizzy", "satisfy") increased. These results from the first Placebo-Control study of waterpipe tobacco smoking demonstrate that waterpipe-induced heart rate increases are almost certainly mediated by nicotine though the subjective effects observed in these occasional smokers were not. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.