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Tonie E. Rocke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Sylvatic Plague Vaccine on Non-target Small Rodents in Grassland Ecosystems
EcoHealth, 2018Co-Authors: Gebbiena M. Bron, Jorge E. Osorio, Faye Lorenzsonn, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Michael D. Samuel, Julia E. Poje, Jonathan P. Matteson, Jesse T. Boulerice, Tonie E. RockeAbstract:Oral vaccination is an emerging management strategy to reduce the prevalence of high impact infectious diseases within wild animal populations. Plague is a flea-borne zoonosis of rodents that often decimates prairie dog ( Cynomys spp.) colonies in the western USA. Recently, an oral sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) was developed to protect prairie dogs from Plague and aid recovery of the endangered black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ). Although oral vaccination programs are targeted toward specific species, field distribution of Vaccine-laden baits can result in Vaccine uptake by non-target animals and unintended indirect effects. We assessed the impact of SPV on non-target rodents at paired Vaccine and placebo-treated prairie dog colonies in four US states from 2013 to 2015. Bait consumption by non-target rodents was high (70.8%, n = 3113), but anti-Plague antibody development on Vaccine plots was low (23.7%, n = 266). In addition, no significant differences were noted in combined deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) and western harvest mouse ( Reithrodontomys megalotis ) abundance or community evenness and richness of non-target rodents between Vaccine-treated and placebo plots. In our 3-year field study, we could not detect a significant positive or negative effect of SPV application on non-target rodents.
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Factors Influencing Uptake of Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Baits by Prairie Dogs
EcoHealth, 2018Co-Authors: Rachel C. Abbott, Daniel W. Tripp, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Tonie E. RockeAbstract:Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) is a virally vectored bait-delivered Vaccine expressing Yersinia pestis antigens that can protect prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.) from Plague and has potential utility as a management tool. In a large-scale 3-year field trial, SPV-laden baits containing the biomarker rhodamine B (used to determine bait consumption) were distributed annually at a rate of approximately 100–125 baits/hectare along transects at 58 plots encompassing the geographic ranges of four species of prairie dogs. We assessed site- and individual-level factors related to bait uptake in prairie dogs to determine which were associated with bait uptake rates. Overall bait uptake for 7820 prairie dogs sampled was 70% (95% C.I. 69.9–72.0). Factors influencing bait uptake rates by prairie dogs varied by species, however, in general, heavier animals had greater bait uptake rates. Vegetation quality and day of baiting influenced this relationship for black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs. For these species, baiting later in the season, when normalized difference vegetation indices (a measure of green vegetation density) are lower, improves bait uptake by smaller animals. Consideration of these factors can aid in the development of species-specific SPV baiting strategies that maximize bait uptake and subsequent immunization of prairie dogs against Plague.
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Burrow Dusting or Oral Vaccination Prevents Plague-Associated Prairie Dog Colony Collapse
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel W. Tripp, Jonathan P. Runge, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Plague impacts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), the endangered black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) and other sensitive wildlife species. We compared efficacy of prophylactic treatments (burrow dusting with deltamethrin or oral vaccination with recombinant “sylvatic Plague Vaccine” [RCN-F1/V307]) to placebo treatment in black-tailed prairie dog ( C. ludovicianus ) colonies. Between 2013 and 2015, we measured prairie dog apparent survival, burrow activity and flea abundance on triplicate plots (“blocks”) receiving dust, Vaccine or placebo treatment. Epizootic Plague affected all three blocks but emerged asynchronously. Dust plots had fewer fleas per burrow ( P
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Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Partially Protects Prairie Dogs (Cynomys spp.) in Field Trials
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Tonie E. Rocke, Daniel W. Tripp, Rachel C. Abbott, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Randall Griebel, Greg Schroeder, Shaun M. GrasselAbstract:Sylvatic Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis , frequently afflicts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), causing population declines and local extirpations. We tested the effectiveness of bait-delivered sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in prairie dog colonies on 29 paired placebo and treatment plots (1–59 ha in size; average 16.9 ha) in 7 western states from 2013 to 2015. We compared relative abundance (using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as an index) and apparent survival of prairie dogs on 26 of the 29 paired plots, 12 with confirmed or suspected Plague ( Y. pestis positive carcasses or fleas). Even though Plague mortality occurred in prairie dogs on Vaccine plots, SPV treatment had an overall positive effect on CPUE in all three years, regardless of Plague status. Odds of capturing a unique animal were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.02–1.19) times higher per trap day on Vaccine-treated plots than placebo plots in 2013, 1.47 (95% C.I. 1.41–1.52) times higher in 2014 and 1.19 (95% C.I. 1.13–1.25) times higher in 2015. On pairs where Plague occurred, odds of apparent survival were 1.76 (95% Bayesian credible interval [B.C.I.] 1.28–2.43) times higher on Vaccine plots than placebo plots for adults and 2.41 (95% B.C.I. 1.72–3.38) times higher for juveniles. Our results provide evidence that consumption of Vaccine-laden baits can protect prairie dogs against Plague; however, further evaluation and refinement are needed to optimize SPV use as a management tool.
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Responses of Juvenile Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a Commercially Produced Oral Plague Vaccine Delivered at Two Doses
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Elsa M. Cárdenas-canales, Daniel W. Tripp, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Lisa L. Wolfe, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Abstract We confirmed safety and immunogenicity of mass-produced Vaccine baits carrying an experimental, commercial-source Plague Vaccine (RCN-F1/V307) expressing Yersinia pestis V and F1 antigens. Forty-five juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=15 animals/group). Animals in the first group received one standard-dose Vaccine bait (5×107 plaque-forming units [pfu]; STD). The second group received a lower-dose bait (1×107 pfu; LOW). In the third group, five animals received two standard-dose baits and 10 were left untreated but in contact. Two Vaccine-treated and one untreated prairie dogs died during the study, but laboratory analyses ruled out Vaccine involvement. Overall, 17 of 33 (52%; 95% confidence interval for binomial proportion [bCI] 34−69%) prairie dogs receiving Vaccine-laden bait showed a positive anti-V antibody response on at least one sampling occasion after bait consumption, and eight (24%; bCI 11–42%) showed sustained...
Rachel C. Abbott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Factors Influencing Uptake of Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Baits by Prairie Dogs
EcoHealth, 2018Co-Authors: Rachel C. Abbott, Daniel W. Tripp, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Tonie E. RockeAbstract:Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) is a virally vectored bait-delivered Vaccine expressing Yersinia pestis antigens that can protect prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.) from Plague and has potential utility as a management tool. In a large-scale 3-year field trial, SPV-laden baits containing the biomarker rhodamine B (used to determine bait consumption) were distributed annually at a rate of approximately 100–125 baits/hectare along transects at 58 plots encompassing the geographic ranges of four species of prairie dogs. We assessed site- and individual-level factors related to bait uptake in prairie dogs to determine which were associated with bait uptake rates. Overall bait uptake for 7820 prairie dogs sampled was 70% (95% C.I. 69.9–72.0). Factors influencing bait uptake rates by prairie dogs varied by species, however, in general, heavier animals had greater bait uptake rates. Vegetation quality and day of baiting influenced this relationship for black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs. For these species, baiting later in the season, when normalized difference vegetation indices (a measure of green vegetation density) are lower, improves bait uptake by smaller animals. Consideration of these factors can aid in the development of species-specific SPV baiting strategies that maximize bait uptake and subsequent immunization of prairie dogs against Plague.
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Burrow Dusting or Oral Vaccination Prevents Plague-Associated Prairie Dog Colony Collapse
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel W. Tripp, Jonathan P. Runge, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Plague impacts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), the endangered black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) and other sensitive wildlife species. We compared efficacy of prophylactic treatments (burrow dusting with deltamethrin or oral vaccination with recombinant “sylvatic Plague Vaccine” [RCN-F1/V307]) to placebo treatment in black-tailed prairie dog ( C. ludovicianus ) colonies. Between 2013 and 2015, we measured prairie dog apparent survival, burrow activity and flea abundance on triplicate plots (“blocks”) receiving dust, Vaccine or placebo treatment. Epizootic Plague affected all three blocks but emerged asynchronously. Dust plots had fewer fleas per burrow ( P
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Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Partially Protects Prairie Dogs (Cynomys spp.) in Field Trials
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Tonie E. Rocke, Daniel W. Tripp, Rachel C. Abbott, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Randall Griebel, Greg Schroeder, Shaun M. GrasselAbstract:Sylvatic Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis , frequently afflicts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), causing population declines and local extirpations. We tested the effectiveness of bait-delivered sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in prairie dog colonies on 29 paired placebo and treatment plots (1–59 ha in size; average 16.9 ha) in 7 western states from 2013 to 2015. We compared relative abundance (using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as an index) and apparent survival of prairie dogs on 26 of the 29 paired plots, 12 with confirmed or suspected Plague ( Y. pestis positive carcasses or fleas). Even though Plague mortality occurred in prairie dogs on Vaccine plots, SPV treatment had an overall positive effect on CPUE in all three years, regardless of Plague status. Odds of capturing a unique animal were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.02–1.19) times higher per trap day on Vaccine-treated plots than placebo plots in 2013, 1.47 (95% C.I. 1.41–1.52) times higher in 2014 and 1.19 (95% C.I. 1.13–1.25) times higher in 2015. On pairs where Plague occurred, odds of apparent survival were 1.76 (95% Bayesian credible interval [B.C.I.] 1.28–2.43) times higher on Vaccine plots than placebo plots for adults and 2.41 (95% B.C.I. 1.72–3.38) times higher for juveniles. Our results provide evidence that consumption of Vaccine-laden baits can protect prairie dogs against Plague; however, further evaluation and refinement are needed to optimize SPV use as a management tool.
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Responses of Juvenile Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a Commercially Produced Oral Plague Vaccine Delivered at Two Doses
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Elsa M. Cárdenas-canales, Daniel W. Tripp, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Lisa L. Wolfe, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Abstract We confirmed safety and immunogenicity of mass-produced Vaccine baits carrying an experimental, commercial-source Plague Vaccine (RCN-F1/V307) expressing Yersinia pestis V and F1 antigens. Forty-five juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=15 animals/group). Animals in the first group received one standard-dose Vaccine bait (5×107 plaque-forming units [pfu]; STD). The second group received a lower-dose bait (1×107 pfu; LOW). In the third group, five animals received two standard-dose baits and 10 were left untreated but in contact. Two Vaccine-treated and one untreated prairie dogs died during the study, but laboratory analyses ruled out Vaccine involvement. Overall, 17 of 33 (52%; 95% confidence interval for binomial proportion [bCI] 34−69%) prairie dogs receiving Vaccine-laden bait showed a positive anti-V antibody response on at least one sampling occasion after bait consumption, and eight (24%; bCI 11–42%) showed sustained...
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Age at Vaccination May Influence Response to Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in Gunnison's Prairie Dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni).
EcoHealth, 2015Co-Authors: Tonie E. Rocke, Daniel W. Tripp, Faye Lorenzsonn, Elizabeth Falendysz, Susan R. Smith, Judy L. Williamson, Rachel C. AbbottAbstract:Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) have been considered at greater risk from Yersinia pestis (Plague) infection in the montane portion of their range compared to populations at lower elevations, possibly due to factors related to flea transmission of the bacteria or greater host susceptibility. To test the latter hypothesis and determine whether vaccination against Plague with an oral sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) improved survival, we captured prairie dogs from a C. g. gunnisoni or “montane” population and a C. g. zuniensis or “prairie” population for Vaccine efficacy and challenge studies. No differences (P = 0.63) were found in Plague susceptibility in non-vaccinated animals between these two populations; however, vaccinates from the prairie population survived Plague challenge at significantly higher rates (P
Kevin P. Killeen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Construction and screening of attenuated ΔphoP/Q Salmonella typhimurium vectored Plague Vaccine candidates
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2012Co-Authors: Donata R. Sizemore, Elizabeth Warner, Julie A. Lawrence, Lawrence J. Thomas, Kenneth L. Roland, Kevin P. KilleenAbstract:Preclinical studies evaluating Plague Vaccine candidates have demonstrated that the F1 and V protein antigens of Yersinia pestis confer protection against challenge from virulent strains. Live-attenuated ΔphoP/Q Salmonella typhimurium recombinants were constructed expressing either F1, V antigens, F1 and V antigens, or a F1-V fusion from Asd+ balanced-lethal plasmids. To improve antigen delivery, genes encoding Plague antigens were modified in order to localize antigens to specific bacterial cellular compartments which include cytoplasmic, outer membrane, or secreted. Candidate Vaccine strains were evaluated for growth characteristics, full-length lipopolysaccharide (LPS), plasmid stability, and antigen expression in vitro. Plague Vaccine candidate strains with favorable in vitro profiles were evaluated in murine or rabbit preclinical oral immunogenicity studies. Attenuated S. typhimurium strains expressing cytoplasmically localized F1-V and V antigen antigens were more immunogenic than strains that secre...
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construction and screening of attenuated δphop q salmonella typhimurium vectored Plague Vaccine candidates
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2012Co-Authors: Donata R. Sizemore, Elizabeth Warner, Lawrence J. Thomas, Kenneth L. Roland, Julie Lawrence, Kevin P. KilleenAbstract:Preclinical studies evaluating Plague Vaccine candidates have demonstrated that the F1 and V protein antigens of Yersinia pestis confer protection against challenge from virulent strains. Live-attenuated ΔphoP/Q Salmonella typhimurium recombinants were constructed expressing either F1, V antigens, F1 and V antigens, or a F1-V fusion from Asd+ balanced-lethal plasmids. To improve antigen delivery, genes encoding Plague antigens were modified in order to localize antigens to specific bacterial cellular compartments which include cytoplasmic, outer membrane, or secreted. Candidate Vaccine strains were evaluated for growth characteristics, full-length lipopolysaccharide (LPS), plasmid stability, and antigen expression in vitro. Plague Vaccine candidate strains with favorable in vitro profiles were evaluated in murine or rabbit preclinical oral immunogenicity studies. Attenuated S. typhimurium strains expressing cytoplasmically localized F1-V and V antigen antigens were more immunogenic than strains that secre...
Daniel W. Tripp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Factors Influencing Uptake of Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Baits by Prairie Dogs
EcoHealth, 2018Co-Authors: Rachel C. Abbott, Daniel W. Tripp, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Tonie E. RockeAbstract:Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) is a virally vectored bait-delivered Vaccine expressing Yersinia pestis antigens that can protect prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.) from Plague and has potential utility as a management tool. In a large-scale 3-year field trial, SPV-laden baits containing the biomarker rhodamine B (used to determine bait consumption) were distributed annually at a rate of approximately 100–125 baits/hectare along transects at 58 plots encompassing the geographic ranges of four species of prairie dogs. We assessed site- and individual-level factors related to bait uptake in prairie dogs to determine which were associated with bait uptake rates. Overall bait uptake for 7820 prairie dogs sampled was 70% (95% C.I. 69.9–72.0). Factors influencing bait uptake rates by prairie dogs varied by species, however, in general, heavier animals had greater bait uptake rates. Vegetation quality and day of baiting influenced this relationship for black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs. For these species, baiting later in the season, when normalized difference vegetation indices (a measure of green vegetation density) are lower, improves bait uptake by smaller animals. Consideration of these factors can aid in the development of species-specific SPV baiting strategies that maximize bait uptake and subsequent immunization of prairie dogs against Plague.
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Burrow Dusting or Oral Vaccination Prevents Plague-Associated Prairie Dog Colony Collapse
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel W. Tripp, Jonathan P. Runge, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Plague impacts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), the endangered black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) and other sensitive wildlife species. We compared efficacy of prophylactic treatments (burrow dusting with deltamethrin or oral vaccination with recombinant “sylvatic Plague Vaccine” [RCN-F1/V307]) to placebo treatment in black-tailed prairie dog ( C. ludovicianus ) colonies. Between 2013 and 2015, we measured prairie dog apparent survival, burrow activity and flea abundance on triplicate plots (“blocks”) receiving dust, Vaccine or placebo treatment. Epizootic Plague affected all three blocks but emerged asynchronously. Dust plots had fewer fleas per burrow ( P
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Sylvatic Plague Vaccine Partially Protects Prairie Dogs (Cynomys spp.) in Field Trials
EcoHealth, 2017Co-Authors: Tonie E. Rocke, Daniel W. Tripp, Rachel C. Abbott, Katherine L. D. Richgels, Robin E. Russell, Marc R. Matchett, Dean E. Biggins, Randall Griebel, Greg Schroeder, Shaun M. GrasselAbstract:Sylvatic Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis , frequently afflicts prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp.), causing population declines and local extirpations. We tested the effectiveness of bait-delivered sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in prairie dog colonies on 29 paired placebo and treatment plots (1–59 ha in size; average 16.9 ha) in 7 western states from 2013 to 2015. We compared relative abundance (using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as an index) and apparent survival of prairie dogs on 26 of the 29 paired plots, 12 with confirmed or suspected Plague ( Y. pestis positive carcasses or fleas). Even though Plague mortality occurred in prairie dogs on Vaccine plots, SPV treatment had an overall positive effect on CPUE in all three years, regardless of Plague status. Odds of capturing a unique animal were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.02–1.19) times higher per trap day on Vaccine-treated plots than placebo plots in 2013, 1.47 (95% C.I. 1.41–1.52) times higher in 2014 and 1.19 (95% C.I. 1.13–1.25) times higher in 2015. On pairs where Plague occurred, odds of apparent survival were 1.76 (95% Bayesian credible interval [B.C.I.] 1.28–2.43) times higher on Vaccine plots than placebo plots for adults and 2.41 (95% B.C.I. 1.72–3.38) times higher for juveniles. Our results provide evidence that consumption of Vaccine-laden baits can protect prairie dogs against Plague; however, further evaluation and refinement are needed to optimize SPV use as a management tool.
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Responses of Juvenile Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a Commercially Produced Oral Plague Vaccine Delivered at Two Doses
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Elsa M. Cárdenas-canales, Daniel W. Tripp, Tonie E. Rocke, Rachel C. Abbott, Lisa L. Wolfe, Michael W. MillerAbstract:Abstract We confirmed safety and immunogenicity of mass-produced Vaccine baits carrying an experimental, commercial-source Plague Vaccine (RCN-F1/V307) expressing Yersinia pestis V and F1 antigens. Forty-five juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=15 animals/group). Animals in the first group received one standard-dose Vaccine bait (5×107 plaque-forming units [pfu]; STD). The second group received a lower-dose bait (1×107 pfu; LOW). In the third group, five animals received two standard-dose baits and 10 were left untreated but in contact. Two Vaccine-treated and one untreated prairie dogs died during the study, but laboratory analyses ruled out Vaccine involvement. Overall, 17 of 33 (52%; 95% confidence interval for binomial proportion [bCI] 34−69%) prairie dogs receiving Vaccine-laden bait showed a positive anti-V antibody response on at least one sampling occasion after bait consumption, and eight (24%; bCI 11–42%) showed sustained...
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Age at Vaccination May Influence Response to Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in Gunnison's Prairie Dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni).
EcoHealth, 2015Co-Authors: Tonie E. Rocke, Daniel W. Tripp, Faye Lorenzsonn, Elizabeth Falendysz, Susan R. Smith, Judy L. Williamson, Rachel C. AbbottAbstract:Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) have been considered at greater risk from Yersinia pestis (Plague) infection in the montane portion of their range compared to populations at lower elevations, possibly due to factors related to flea transmission of the bacteria or greater host susceptibility. To test the latter hypothesis and determine whether vaccination against Plague with an oral sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) improved survival, we captured prairie dogs from a C. g. gunnisoni or “montane” population and a C. g. zuniensis or “prairie” population for Vaccine efficacy and challenge studies. No differences (P = 0.63) were found in Plague susceptibility in non-vaccinated animals between these two populations; however, vaccinates from the prairie population survived Plague challenge at significantly higher rates (P
John K. Rose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single-dose, virus-vectored Vaccine protection against Yersinia pestis challenge: CD4+ cells are required at the time of challenge for optimal protection
Vaccine, 2008Co-Authors: Anasuya Chattopadhyay, Steven Park, Guillaume Delmas, Rema Suresh, Svetlana Senina, David S. Perlin, John K. RoseAbstract:We have developed an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectored Plague Vaccine expressing a secreted form of Yersinia pestis low calcium response protein V (LcrV) from the first position of the VSV genome. This vector, given intramuscularly in a single dose, induced high-level antibody titers to LcrV and gave 90–100% protection against pneumonic Plague challenge in mice. This single-dose protection was significantly better than that generated by VSV expressing the non-secreted LcrV protein. Increased protection correlated with increased anti-LcrV antibody and a bias toward IgG2a and away from IgG1 isotypes. We also found that the depletion of CD4+ cells, but not CD8+ cells, at the time of challenge resulted in reduced Vaccine protection, indicating a role for cellular immunity in protection.
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An optimized Vaccine vector based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus gives high-level, long-term protection against Yersinia pestis challenge.
Vaccine, 2006Co-Authors: Amy Palin, Anasuya Chattopadhyay, Steven Park, Guillaume Delmas, Rema Suresh, Svetlana Senina, David S. Perlin, John K. RoseAbstract:We have developed recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors expressing the Yersinia pestis lcrV gene. These vectors, given intranasally to mice, induced high antibody titers to the LcrV protein and protected against intranasal (pulmonary) challenge with Y. pestis. High-level protection was dependent on using an optimized VSV vector that expressed high levels of the LcrV protein from an lcrV gene placed in the first position in the VSV genome, followed by a single boost. This VSV-based Vaccine vector system has potential as a Plague Vaccine protecting against virulent strains lacking the F1 protein.