The Experts below are selected from a list of 12912 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Englmaier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the large scale distribution of cu and zn in sub and topsoil separating topsoil bioaccumulation and natural matrix effects from diffuse and regional contamination
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Clemens Reimann, Karl Fabian, Belinda Flem, Peter EnglmaierAbstract:Abstract A realistic estimate of diffuse contamination requires to recognize and assess the dominant natural and anthropogenic element sources. For eight large-scale geochemical surveys, the relations between geogenic, anthropogenic and biogenic Cu and Zn sources are estimated by comparing the cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the elements in top- and subsoil using cumulative probability (CP) diagrams. Strong local contamination distorts the high-concentration end of the distribution function considerably in topsoil. In contrast the impact of diffuse contamination can best be recognized at the lower end of the data distribution. Copper and Zn are important Plant Micronutrients, studying their concentrations in a variety of Plant materials and soils along a number of transects demonstrates that both are adjusted to narrow concentration levels in many Plant materials. Plants regulating the element concentrations to certain fixed levels will distort the low-concentration end of a topsoil CDF, the bio-adjustment thus limits the accuracy of diffuse contamination estimates. Combining CDF analysis with spatial mapping provides insight into the dominant contamination processes that distort the topsoil CDF relative to the subsoil CDF. For Cu a most likely diffuse contamination signal of 1–2 mg/kg with a maximum of 5 mg/kg is obtained for soils at the European scale. The higher estimate is clearly influenced by bio-adjustment. For Zn diffuse contamination appears to be higher on first glance, about 5–10 mg/kg, but again the lower end of the investigated CDFs is strongly shifted by biosphere adjustment, Plants striving to avoid Zn deficiency. The true input through diffuse contamination will thus be considerably lower. Data from projects that sampled minerogenic instead of organogenic topsoil lead to lower estimates for diffuse Zn contamination in the range of
Rajani K Sahu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth metabolism and yield of rice cultivated in soils amended with fly ash and cyanobacteria and metal loads in Plant parts
Rice Science, 2016Co-Authors: Rabindra N Padhy, Nabakishore Nayak, Rajesh R Dashmohini, Shakti Rath, Rajani K SahuAbstract:Abstract Soil amendment with fly ash (FA) and combined supplementation with N2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in Plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2. Basic soil properties, pH value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m2 N2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice Plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and Plant parts (root and seed) were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several Plant Micronutrients (Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu) and toxic elements (Pb, Cr and Cd) increased in soils and Plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and Plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m2, with 1.0 kg/m2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential Micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N2-fixation.
Clemens Reimann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the large scale distribution of cu and zn in sub and topsoil separating topsoil bioaccumulation and natural matrix effects from diffuse and regional contamination
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Clemens Reimann, Karl Fabian, Belinda Flem, Peter EnglmaierAbstract:Abstract A realistic estimate of diffuse contamination requires to recognize and assess the dominant natural and anthropogenic element sources. For eight large-scale geochemical surveys, the relations between geogenic, anthropogenic and biogenic Cu and Zn sources are estimated by comparing the cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the elements in top- and subsoil using cumulative probability (CP) diagrams. Strong local contamination distorts the high-concentration end of the distribution function considerably in topsoil. In contrast the impact of diffuse contamination can best be recognized at the lower end of the data distribution. Copper and Zn are important Plant Micronutrients, studying their concentrations in a variety of Plant materials and soils along a number of transects demonstrates that both are adjusted to narrow concentration levels in many Plant materials. Plants regulating the element concentrations to certain fixed levels will distort the low-concentration end of a topsoil CDF, the bio-adjustment thus limits the accuracy of diffuse contamination estimates. Combining CDF analysis with spatial mapping provides insight into the dominant contamination processes that distort the topsoil CDF relative to the subsoil CDF. For Cu a most likely diffuse contamination signal of 1–2 mg/kg with a maximum of 5 mg/kg is obtained for soils at the European scale. The higher estimate is clearly influenced by bio-adjustment. For Zn diffuse contamination appears to be higher on first glance, about 5–10 mg/kg, but again the lower end of the investigated CDFs is strongly shifted by biosphere adjustment, Plants striving to avoid Zn deficiency. The true input through diffuse contamination will thus be considerably lower. Data from projects that sampled minerogenic instead of organogenic topsoil lead to lower estimates for diffuse Zn contamination in the range of
Marimuthu Govindarajan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synthesis and characterization of zno and ca zno nanoparticles for potential antibacterial activity and Plant Micronutrients
Surfaces and Interfaces, 2020Co-Authors: Saraswathi Umavathi, Mohamad S. Alsalhi, Sandhanasamy Devanesan, Sivasamy Kadhiravan, Kasi Gopinath, Marimuthu GovindarajanAbstract:Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and calcium-doped zinc oxide (Ca-ZnO) NPs were produced via co-precipitation assay. Physicochemical properties of synthesized NPs have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) with fluorescent elemental mapping, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) analyses. UV-vis analysis shows the presence of Ca doping in the Zn lattice, which reduces the bandgap. The XRD patterns of the NPs has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM and HR-TEM images exhibited spherical morphology. The PL spectral measurements indicated six bands embedded due to zinc and oxygen vacancies. The crystallization temperature of the as-prepared samples was measured by a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using a disk diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was advanced compare to Ca-ZnO NPs. By contrast, Ca-ZnO NPs reduced antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, Sphaeranthus indicus shootlets were tested in different concentrations (0-5 mg/L) of ZnO NPs and Ca- ZnO NPs in Murashige and Skoog media. An impact of Ca-ZnO NPs significantly induced the development of shootlets, leaves and node initiation on S. indicus, compared to pure ZnO NPs. Plant development was increased by increasing the concentrations of NPs. Therefore, these biocompatible Ca-ZnO NPs can be used for target-drug delivery in biomedicine and as a micro-nutrient for in vitro Plant growth and development.
Rabindra N Padhy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth metabolism and yield of rice cultivated in soils amended with fly ash and cyanobacteria and metal loads in Plant parts
Rice Science, 2016Co-Authors: Rabindra N Padhy, Nabakishore Nayak, Rajesh R Dashmohini, Shakti Rath, Rajani K SahuAbstract:Abstract Soil amendment with fly ash (FA) and combined supplementation with N2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in Plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2. Basic soil properties, pH value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m2 N2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice Plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and Plant parts (root and seed) were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several Plant Micronutrients (Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu) and toxic elements (Pb, Cr and Cd) increased in soils and Plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and Plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m2, with 1.0 kg/m2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential Micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N2-fixation.