The Experts below are selected from a list of 10542 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter E. Urwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
towards genetic modification of Plant Parasitic Nematodes delivery of macromolecules to adults and expression of exogenous mrna in second stage juveniles
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Olaf Kranse, Catherine J. Lilley, Peter E. Urwin, Helen Beasley, Andre Pires Da Silva, Christopher A Bell, Sally Adams, David Mck. Bird, Eric A Miska, Geert SmantAbstract:Plant-Parasitic Nematodes are a continuing threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot Nematodes and cyst Nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics: forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations, and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate the progress of research on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic tool kit in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. We characterise the gonads of male Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimise various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult, but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of H. schachtii juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, will expedite the development of genetic modification tools for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of Nematodes that threaten global food security.
-
rna interference in Plant Parasitic Nematodes a summary of the current status
Parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: Catherine J. Lilley, Laura J Davies, Peter E. UrwinAbstract:: SUMMARYRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an invaluable gene-silencing tool for functional analysis in a wide variety of organisms, particularly the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. An increasing number of studies have now described its application to Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Genes expressed in a range of cell types are silenced when Nematodes take up double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that elicit a systemic RNAi response. Despite many successful reports, there is still poor understanding of the range of factors that influence optimal gene silencing. Recent in vitro studies have highlighted significant variations in the RNAi phenotype that can occur with different dsRNA concentrations, construct size and duration of soaking. Discrepancies in methodology thwart efforts to reliably compare the efficacy of RNAi between different Nematodes or target tissues. Nevertheless, RNAi has become an established experimental tool for Plant Parasitic Nematodes and also offers the prospect of being developed into a novel control strategy when delivered from transgenic Plants.
-
recent progress in the development of rna interference for Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Molecular Plant Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Catherine J. Lilley, Manjula Bakhetia, Wayne L Charlton, Peter E. UrwinAbstract:: SUMMARY RNA interference (RNAi), first described for Caenorhabditis elegans, has emerged as a powerful gene silencing tool for investigating gene function in a range of organisms. Recent studies have described its application to Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Genes expressed in a range of cell types are silenced when preParasitic juvenile Nematodes take up double-stranded (ds)RNA that elicits a systemic RNAi response. Important developments over the last year have shown that in Planta expression of a dsRNA targeting a nematode gene can successfully induce silencing in parasitizing Nematodes. When the targeted gene has an essential function, a resistance effect is observed paving the way for the potential use of RNAi technology to control Plant Parasitic Nematodes.
-
rna interference and Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Trends in Plant Science, 2005Co-Authors: Manjula Bakhetia, Peter E. Urwin, Wayne L Charlton, Michael J Mcpherson, Howard J. AtkinsonAbstract:RNA interference (RNAi) has recently been demonstrated in Plant Parasitic Nematodes. It is a potentially powerful investigative tool for the genome-wide identification of gene function that should help improve our understanding of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. RNAi should help identify gene and, hence, protein targets for nematode control strategies. Prospects for novel resistance depend on the Plant generating an effective form of double-stranded RNA in the absence of an endogenous target gene without detriment to itself. These RNA molecules must then become available to the nematode and be capable of ingestion via its feeding tube. If these requirements can be met, crop resistance could be achieved by a Plant delivering a dsRNA that targets a nematode gene and induces a lethal or highly damaging RNAi effect on the parasite.
Mashkoor M Alam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
role of oil seed cakes for the management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and soil inhabiting fungi on lentil and mungben
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2001Co-Authors: Sartaj A Tiyagi, Abdul Viqar Khan, Mashkoor M AlamAbstract:The oil‐seed cakes of neem (Azadirachta indica), castor (Ricinus communis), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), mustard (Brassica campestris) and duan (Eruca sativa) were tested for their efficacious nature against Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes and soil‐inhabiting fungi infesting lentil and also on the subsequent crop, mungbean in field trials. The population of Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicoty‐lenchus indicus etc., and the frequency of pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. lentis, Rhizoctonia solarii, Septoria leguminum, Sclerotium rolfsii, etc., were significantly reduced by the incorporation of oil‐seed cakes, however, the frequency of saprophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae, Penicillium degetatum, etc., was increased. A several‐fold improvement was observed in Plant‐growth parameters such as Plant weight, percent pollen fertility, pod numbers, chlorophy...
-
efficacy of oil seed cakes against Plant Parasitic Nematodes and soil inhabiting fungi on mungbean and chickpea
Bioresource Technology, 1995Co-Authors: Sartaj A Tiyagi, Mashkoor M AlamAbstract:Abstract The efficiency of oil-seed cakes of neem ( Azadirachta indica ), castor ( Ricinus communis ), mustard ( Brassica campestris ) and duan ( Eruca sativa ) was evaluated against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and soil-inhabiting fungi infesting mungbean and the subsequent crop, chickpea, in field trials. The population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicotylenchus indicus , etc., and the frequency of the pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Phyllosticta phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. ciceri , etc., were significantly reduced by these treatments, but the frequency of saprophytic fungi was increased. A several-fold improvement was observed in Plant growth parameters, and the residual effects of oil-seed cakes were also noted in the subsequent crop, chickpea, in the next growing season. Depth of ploughing also influenced the population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and the frequency of fungi.
Catherine J. Lilley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
towards genetic modification of Plant Parasitic Nematodes delivery of macromolecules to adults and expression of exogenous mrna in second stage juveniles
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Olaf Kranse, Catherine J. Lilley, Peter E. Urwin, Helen Beasley, Andre Pires Da Silva, Christopher A Bell, Sally Adams, David Mck. Bird, Eric A Miska, Geert SmantAbstract:Plant-Parasitic Nematodes are a continuing threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot Nematodes and cyst Nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics: forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations, and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate the progress of research on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic tool kit in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. We characterise the gonads of male Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimise various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult, but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of H. schachtii juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, will expedite the development of genetic modification tools for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of Nematodes that threaten global food security.
-
rna interference in Plant Parasitic Nematodes a summary of the current status
Parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: Catherine J. Lilley, Laura J Davies, Peter E. UrwinAbstract:: SUMMARYRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an invaluable gene-silencing tool for functional analysis in a wide variety of organisms, particularly the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. An increasing number of studies have now described its application to Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Genes expressed in a range of cell types are silenced when Nematodes take up double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that elicit a systemic RNAi response. Despite many successful reports, there is still poor understanding of the range of factors that influence optimal gene silencing. Recent in vitro studies have highlighted significant variations in the RNAi phenotype that can occur with different dsRNA concentrations, construct size and duration of soaking. Discrepancies in methodology thwart efforts to reliably compare the efficacy of RNAi between different Nematodes or target tissues. Nevertheless, RNAi has become an established experimental tool for Plant Parasitic Nematodes and also offers the prospect of being developed into a novel control strategy when delivered from transgenic Plants.
-
recent progress in the development of rna interference for Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Molecular Plant Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Catherine J. Lilley, Manjula Bakhetia, Wayne L Charlton, Peter E. UrwinAbstract:: SUMMARY RNA interference (RNAi), first described for Caenorhabditis elegans, has emerged as a powerful gene silencing tool for investigating gene function in a range of organisms. Recent studies have described its application to Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Genes expressed in a range of cell types are silenced when preParasitic juvenile Nematodes take up double-stranded (ds)RNA that elicits a systemic RNAi response. Important developments over the last year have shown that in Planta expression of a dsRNA targeting a nematode gene can successfully induce silencing in parasitizing Nematodes. When the targeted gene has an essential function, a resistance effect is observed paving the way for the potential use of RNAi technology to control Plant Parasitic Nematodes.
Sartaj A Tiyagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Conjoint Effect of Oil-Seed Cakes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Growth of Chickpea in Relation to the Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
2016Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Irshad Mahmood, Sartaj A Tiyagi, Zehra KhanAbstract:Soil application of organics has been explored as an alternative means of organic management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Efficiency of different oil-seed cakes of neem (Azadirachta indica), castor (Ricinus communis), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and soybean (Glycine max) were evaluated in field conditions with association of Pseudomonas fluorescens in relation to growth parameters of chickpea and population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Their efficacious nature was highly effective in reducing the population of these dominant soil Nematodes. Significant improvement was observed in Plant-growth parameters such as Plant weight, percent pollen fertility, pod numbers, root-nodulation and chlorophyll content of chickpea, seemed to be due to reduction in disease incidence and might be due to growth promoting substances secreted by P. fluorescens. The multiplication rate of Nematodes was less in the presence of P. fluorescens as compared to its absence. Most effective combination of P. fluorescens was observed with neem cake. Key words: chickpea; oil-seed cakes; organic management; Plant-Parasitic Nematodes; PGP
-
effect of some botanicals for the management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and soil inhabiting fungi infesting chickpea
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2012Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Irshad Mahmood, Sartaj A Tiyagi, Zehra KhanAbstract:A field experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 at the University Agricultural Research Farm to evaluate the efficacious nature of some botanicals such as Argemone mexicana, Calotropis procera, Solanum xanthocarpum, and Eichhornia echinulata in combination with normal as well as deep ploughing against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and soil-inhabiting fungi infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar K-850 in relation to its growth characteristics. Significant reduction was observed in the multiplication of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, and Helicotylenchus indicus and in the frequency of Parasitic fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phyllosticta phaseolina, and Sclerotium rolfsii by the application of botanicals to soil. However, the frequency of saprophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Penicillium digitatum was significantly increased. Much improvement was observed in growth parameters like Plant weight, per cent pollen fertility, pod numbers, root nodulation, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content in leaves. Depth of ploughing also influenced the population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and the frequency of soil-inhabiting fungi in chickpea crop.
-
role of oil seed cakes for the management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and soil inhabiting fungi on lentil and mungben
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2001Co-Authors: Sartaj A Tiyagi, Abdul Viqar Khan, Mashkoor M AlamAbstract:The oil‐seed cakes of neem (Azadirachta indica), castor (Ricinus communis), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), mustard (Brassica campestris) and duan (Eruca sativa) were tested for their efficacious nature against Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes and soil‐inhabiting fungi infesting lentil and also on the subsequent crop, mungbean in field trials. The population of Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicoty‐lenchus indicus etc., and the frequency of pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. lentis, Rhizoctonia solarii, Septoria leguminum, Sclerotium rolfsii, etc., were significantly reduced by the incorporation of oil‐seed cakes, however, the frequency of saprophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae, Penicillium degetatum, etc., was increased. A several‐fold improvement was observed in Plant‐growth parameters such as Plant weight, percent pollen fertility, pod numbers, chlorophy...
-
efficacy of oil seed cakes against Plant Parasitic Nematodes and soil inhabiting fungi on mungbean and chickpea
Bioresource Technology, 1995Co-Authors: Sartaj A Tiyagi, Mashkoor M AlamAbstract:Abstract The efficiency of oil-seed cakes of neem ( Azadirachta indica ), castor ( Ricinus communis ), mustard ( Brassica campestris ) and duan ( Eruca sativa ) was evaluated against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and soil-inhabiting fungi infesting mungbean and the subsequent crop, chickpea, in field trials. The population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicotylenchus indicus , etc., and the frequency of the pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Phyllosticta phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. ciceri , etc., were significantly reduced by these treatments, but the frequency of saprophytic fungi was increased. A several-fold improvement was observed in Plant growth parameters, and the residual effects of oil-seed cakes were also noted in the subsequent crop, chickpea, in the next growing season. Depth of ploughing also influenced the population of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and the frequency of fungi.
Keith G. Davies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Exploring the endospore coat of Pasteuria penetrans, the bacterial hyperparasite of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, using Bacillus spp.
2016Co-Authors: Arohi Srivastava, Tim H Mauchline, Keith G. DaviesAbstract:Arohi Srivastava, Tim H. Mauchline, Keith Davies, ‘Exploring the endospore coat of Pasteuria penetrans, the bacterial hyperparasite of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, using Bacillus spp.’, poster presented at the 7th European Spores Conference, Royal Holloway University of London, UK, 18-20 April, 2016.
-
Cuticle surface coat of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2011Co-Authors: Keith G. Davies, Rosane H. C. CurtisAbstract:The surface coat (SC) of the Plant-Parasitic nematode cuticle is an understudied area of current research, even though it likely plays key roles in both nematode-Plant and nematode-microbe interactions. Although in several ways Caenorhabditis elegans is a poor model for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, it is a useful starting point for investigations of the cuticle and its SC, especially in the light of recent work using this species as a model for innate immunity and the generic biology underpinning much host-parasite biology. We review the research focused on the involvement of the SC of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Using the insights gained from animal-Parasitic Nematodes and other sequenced Nematodes, we discuss the key roles that the SC may play.