The Experts below are selected from a list of 15324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nobuhiro Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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viruses of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Said A Ghabrial, Nobuhiro SuzukiAbstract:Mycoviruses are widespread in all major groups of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. They are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis, and cell fusion, but apparently lack an extracellular route for infection. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Recent advances, however, allowed the establishment of experimental host ranges for a few mycoviruses. Although the majority of known mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes that are packaged in isometric particles, an increasing number of usually unencapsidated mycoviruses with positive-strand RNA genomes have been reported. We discuss selected mycoviruses that cause debilitating diseases and/or reduce the virulence of their phytoPathogenic fungal hosts. Such fungal-virus systems are valuable for the development of novel biocontol strategies and for gaining an insight into the molecular basis of fungal virulence. The availability of viral and host genome sequences and of trans...
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viruses of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Said A Ghabrial, Nobuhiro SuzukiAbstract:Mycoviruses are widespread in all major groups of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. They are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis, and cell fusion, but apparently lack an extracellular route for infection. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Recent advances, however, allowed the establishment of experimental host ranges for a few mycoviruses. Although the majority of known mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes that are packaged in isometric particles, an increasing number of usually unencapsidated mycoviruses with positive-strand RNA genomes have been reported. We discuss selected mycoviruses that cause debilitating diseases and/or reduce the virulence of their phytoPathogenic fungal hosts. Such fungal-virus systems are valuable for the development of novel biocontol strategies and for gaining an insight into the molecular basis of fungal virulence. The availability of viral and host genome sequences and of transformation and transfection protocols for some Plant Pathogenic Fungi will contribute to progress in fungal virology.
Martijn Rep - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-specificity factors in Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B, 2020Co-Authors: Ben J. C. Cornelissen, Martijn RepAbstract:Fortunately, no fungus can cause disease on all Plant species, and although some Plant-Pathogenic Fungi have quite a broad host range, most are highly limited in the range of Plant species or even cultivars that they cause disease in. The mechanisms of host specificity have been extensively studied in many Plant-Pathogenic Fungi, especially in fungal pathogens causing disease on economically important crops. Specifically, genes involved in host specificity have been identified during the last few decades. In this overview, we describe and discuss these host-specificity genes. These genes encode avirulence (Avr) proteins, proteinaceous host-specific toxins or secondary metabolites. We discuss the genomic context of these genes, their expression, polymorphism, horizontal transfer and involvement in pathogenesis.
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Adaptation to the Host Environment by Plant-Pathogenic Fungi
Annual review of phytopathology, 2017Co-Authors: H. Charlotte Van Der Does, Martijn RepAbstract:Many Fungi can live both saprophytically and as endophyte or pathogen inside a living Plant. In both environments, complex organic polymers are used as sources of nutrients. Propagation inside a living host also requires the ability to respond to immune responses of the host. We review current knowledge of how Plant-Pathogenic Fungi do this. First, we look at how Fungi change their global gene expression upon recognition of the host environment, leading to secretion of effectors, enzymes, and secondary metabolites; changes in metabolism; and defense against toxic compounds. Second, we look at what is known about the various cues that enable Fungi to sense the presence of living Plant cells. Finally, we review literature on transcription factors that participate in gene expression in Planta or are suspected to be involved in that process because they are required for the ability to cause disease.
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small proteins of Plant Pathogenic Fungi secreted during host colonization
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Martijn RepAbstract:Small proteins secreted by Plant Pathogenic Fungi in their hosts have been implicated in disease symptom development as well as in R-gene mediated disease resistance. Characteristically, this class of proteins shows very limited phylogenetic distribution, possibly due to accelerated evolution stimulated by Plant–pathogen arms races. Partly due to lack of clues from primary sequences, insight into the biochemical functions or molecular targets of these proteins has been slow to emerge. However, for some proteins important progress has recently been made in this direction. Expression of the genes for small secreted proteins is in many cases specifically induced after infection, which should help to advance our still very limited understanding of how Plant pathogens recognize and respond to the host environment.
Said A Ghabrial - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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viruses of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Said A Ghabrial, Nobuhiro SuzukiAbstract:Mycoviruses are widespread in all major groups of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. They are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis, and cell fusion, but apparently lack an extracellular route for infection. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Recent advances, however, allowed the establishment of experimental host ranges for a few mycoviruses. Although the majority of known mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes that are packaged in isometric particles, an increasing number of usually unencapsidated mycoviruses with positive-strand RNA genomes have been reported. We discuss selected mycoviruses that cause debilitating diseases and/or reduce the virulence of their phytoPathogenic fungal hosts. Such fungal-virus systems are valuable for the development of novel biocontol strategies and for gaining an insight into the molecular basis of fungal virulence. The availability of viral and host genome sequences and of trans...
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viruses of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Said A Ghabrial, Nobuhiro SuzukiAbstract:Mycoviruses are widespread in all major groups of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. They are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis, and cell fusion, but apparently lack an extracellular route for infection. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Recent advances, however, allowed the establishment of experimental host ranges for a few mycoviruses. Although the majority of known mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes that are packaged in isometric particles, an increasing number of usually unencapsidated mycoviruses with positive-strand RNA genomes have been reported. We discuss selected mycoviruses that cause debilitating diseases and/or reduce the virulence of their phytoPathogenic fungal hosts. Such fungal-virus systems are valuable for the development of novel biocontol strategies and for gaining an insight into the molecular basis of fungal virulence. The availability of viral and host genome sequences and of transformation and transfection protocols for some Plant Pathogenic Fungi will contribute to progress in fungal virology.
Ping Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Antibiosis of Trichoderma asperellum Resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Advanced Materials Research, 2014Co-Authors: Ping YangAbstract:T. asperellum has been turned out was an important biocontrol fungus and can antagonize many Plant Pathogenic Fungi through a variety of biocontrol mechanisms. The antibiosis was considered one of important mechanisms. The antibiosis of T. asperellum resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi was examined in this paper. The antibiotic biosynthetic gene polyketide synthase gene pksT1 can be induced by pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the Plant pathogens was inhibited by T. asperellum secondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight. T. asperellum control Plant pathogens through producing antifungal metabolites.
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The Biocontrol Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum Resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Advanced Materials Research, 2013Co-Authors: Ping YangAbstract:T. asperellum is an important biocontrol fungus owing to their ability to antagonize Plant Pathogenic Fungi. The biocontrol effects of T. asperellum were played by secreting many kinds of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. T. asperellum producing more cell wall degrading enzymes when meeting Plant pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the Plant pathogens was inhibited by T. asperellum secondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight. T. asperellum control Plant pathogens through secreting cell wall degrading enzymes and producing antifungal metabolites.
Lei Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Species boundaries in Plant Pathogenic Fungi: a Colletotrichum case study
BMC evolutionary biology, 2016Co-Authors: Fang Liu, Mei Wang, Ulrike Damm, Pedro W. Crous, Lei CaiAbstract:Accurate delimitation of Plant Pathogenic Fungi is critical for the establishment of quarantine regulations, screening for genetic resistance to Plant pathogens, and the study of ecosystem function. Concatenation analysis of multi-locus DNA sequence data represents a powerful and commonly used approach to recognizing evolutionary independent lineages in Fungi. It is however possible to mask the discordance between individual gene trees, thus the speciation events might be erroneously estimated if one simply recognizes well supported clades as distinct species without implementing a careful examination of species boundary. To investigate this phenomenon, we studied Colletotrichum siamense s. lat., which is a cosmopolitan pathogen causing serious diseases on many economically important Plant hosts. Presently there are significant disagreements among mycologists as to what constitutes a species in C. siamense s. lat., with the number of accepted species ranging from one to seven. In this study, multiple approaches were used to test the null hypothesis “C. siamense is a species complex”, using a global strain collection. Results of molecular analyses based on the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and coalescent methods (e.g. Generalized Mixed Yule-coalescent and Poisson Tree Processes) do not support the recognition of any independent evolutionary lineages within C. siamense s. lat. as distinct species, thus rejecting the null hypothesis. This conclusion is reinforced by the recognition of genetic recombination, cross fertility, and the comparison of ecological and morphological characters. Our results indicate that reproductive isolation, geographic and host Plant barriers to gene flow are absent in C. siamense s. lat. This discovery emphasized the importance of a polyphasic approach when describing novel species in morphologically conserved genera of Plant Pathogenic Fungi.
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The evolution of species concepts and species recognition criteria in Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Fungal Diversity, 2011Co-Authors: Lei Cai, Guohong Cai, Tatiana Giraud, Dominik Begerow, Ning Zhang, Roger G. ShivasAbstract:In this paper, we review historical and contem- porary species concepts and species recognition criteria for Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Previous incongruent and unstable classification based on subjective and changing criteria have led to some confusion, especially amongst Plant pathologists. The goal of systematics is to provide an informative and robust framework that stands the test of time. The taxonomic histories of Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, as well as the rust and smut Fungi, are used as examples, to show how concepts and criteria used to delimit and recognize species have changed. Through these examples we compare the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition, an extension of the Phylogenetic Species Criterion, with other species recognition criteria and show that it provides a better discrimination for delimiting species. A rapidly increasing number of cryptic species are being discovered amongst Plant Pathogenic Fungi using the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recogni- tion, and it is important to determine their host range, the severity of diseases they cause and their biosecurity signif- icance. With rapidly expanding global trade it has become imperative that we develop effective and reliable protocols to detect these previously unrecognized pathogens.
