The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stéphane Blanc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vector transmission of Plant Viruses and constraints imposed by virus vector interactions
Current Opinion in Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Romain Gallet, Yannis Michalakis, Stéphane BlancAbstract:Because Plants are sessile and their cells protected by a cell wall, the contact transmission of Plant Viruses is very rare. Almost all Plant Viruses are transmitted by vectors, which can be insects, nematodes, mites or fungi. Although very efficient, this mode of transmission is not trivial and imposes numerous constraints on Viruses. In this review we show that these constraints apply at all stages of the transmission process and at all scales, from the molecular to ecological interactions. We discuss several viral adaptations that likely reflect sophisticated means to alleviate these constraints and to maximize transmission, and we point at gaps and future directions in this field of research.
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Vector-transmission of Plant Viruses and constraints imposed by virus–vector interactions
Current Opinion in Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Romain Gallet, Yannis Michalakis, Stéphane BlancAbstract:Because Plants are sessile and their cells protected by a cell wall, the contact transmission of Plant Viruses is very rare. Almost all Plant Viruses are transmitted by vectors, which can be insects, nematodes, mites or fungi. Although very efficient, this mode of transmission is not trivial and imposes numerous constraints on Viruses. In this review we show that these constraints apply at all stages of the transmission process and at all scales, from the molecular to ecological interactions. We discuss several viral adaptations that likely reflect sophisticated means to alleviate these constraints and to maximize transmission, and we point at gaps and future directions in this field of research.
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Vector transmission of Plant Viruses
2008Co-Authors: Stéphane BlancAbstract:Viruses have evolved a remarkable diversity of strategies for spreading efficiently from one host to the next. Organisms feeding on infected hosts and actively traveling in between hosts in the environment are all potential useful means for virus transport. Such organisms, designated vectors, are found among fungi, nematodes, and arthropods, particularly insects. Several different interaction patterns have evolved between Viruses and vectors, and this diversity is well illustrated in Plant Viruses transmitted by insects. Over half a century, a tremendous amount of studies has been carried out on the insect transmission of Viruses, and a classification of the strategies observed has been established and regularly updated. This classification, originally established for the insect transmission of Plant Viruses, is comprehensive enough to illustrate all strategies described so far for virus–vector interactions, including animal Viruses (though not addressed in detail here) and the cases of transmission by non-insect vectors such as mites, nematodes, and fungi. This article presents an overview of this classification, illustrated by appropriate examples.
D James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent advances on the multiplex molecular detection of Plant Viruses and viroids
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Vicente Pallas, J A Sancheznavarro, D JamesAbstract:Plant Viruses are still one of the main contributors to economic losses in agriculture. It has been estimated that Plant Viruses can cause as much as 50 billion euros loss worldwide, per year. This situation may be worsened by recent climate change events and the associated changes in disease epidemiology. Reliable and early detection methods are still one of the main and most effective actions to develop control strategies for Plant viral diseases. During the last years, considerable progress has been made to develop tools with high specificity and low detection limits for use in the detection of these Plant pathogens. Time and cost reductions have been some of the main objectives pursued during the last few years as these increase their feasibility for routine use. Among other strategies, these objectives can be achieved by the simultaneous detection and (or) identification of several Viruses in a single assay. Nucleic acid-based detection techniques are especially suitable for this purpose. Polyvalent detection has allowed the detection of multiple Plant Viruses at the genus level. Multiplexing RT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been optimized for the simultaneous detection of more than 10 Plant Viruses/viroids. In this short review, we provide an update on the progress made during the last decade on techniques such as multiplex PCR, polyvalent PCR, non-isotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies to allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. Also, the potential and benefits of the powerful new technique of deep sequencing/next-generation sequencing are described.
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trategies for simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses
Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie, 2006Co-Authors: D James, A Varga, Vicente Pallas, Thierry CandresseAbstract:Plants are infected by a wide range of Viruses. Many cause devastation of Plants and crops resulting in significant economic losses and threats to the viability of certain horticultural and agricultural industries. Resources available for routine detection of Plant Viruses tend to be limited. This means that techniques adopted for routine diagnosis must be of low cost yet sensitive and reliable. Approaches that allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses (multiplexing) reduce the number of tests required, reagent usage, time for analysis, and consequently, the cost. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyvalent PCR, nonisotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. The increased sensitivity achieved with some techniques, such as real-time PCR, permits the use of simple, low-cost target isolation methods such as direct binding, tissue printing, or immunocapture. These result in reduced overall cos...
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Strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses
Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2006Co-Authors: D James, A Varga, Vicente Pallas, Thierry CandresseAbstract:Plants are infected by a wide range of Viruses. Many cause devastation of Plants and crops resulting in significant economic losses and threats to the viability of certain horticultural and agricultural industries. Resources available for routine detection of Plant Viruses tend to be limited. This means that techniques adopted for routine diagnosis must be of low cost yet sensitive and reliable. Approaches that allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses (multiplexing) reduce the number of tests required, reagent usage, time for analysis, and consequently, the cost. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyvalent PCR, nonisotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. The increased sensitivity achieved with some techniques, such as real-time PCR, permits the use of simple, low-cost target isolation methods such as direct binding, tissue printing, or immunocapture. These result in reduced overall cost. Multiplexing techniques have the capacity for simultaneous broad-spectrum and specific identification by combining primers and (or) probes that target various taxonomic levels such as family, genus, and species. Polyvalent PCR and broad-spectrum probes have the potential to detect unknown or uncharacterized Viruses, improving our ability to monitor and successfully control these pathogens. Techniques such as microarray analysis offer the potential for development of a single biochip that may facilitate detection of all Viruses affecting a particular crop (e.g., a cucurbit or potato biochip). This may be expanded in time to the detection of every pathogen, including Viruses, affecting a particular Plant.
K A White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intragenomic Long-Distance RNA-RNA Interactions in Plus-Strand RNA Plant Viruses.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: T Chkuaseli, K A WhiteAbstract:Plant Viruses that contain positive-strand RNA genomes represent an important class of pathogen. The genomes of these Viruses harbor RNA sequences and higher-order RNA structures that are essential for the regulation of viral processes during infections. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that, in addition to locally positioned RNA structures, long-distance intragenomic interactions, involving nucleotide base pairing over large distances, also contribute significantly to the control of various viral events. Viral processes that are modulated by such interactions include genome replication, translation initiation, translational recoding, and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Here, we review the structure and function of different types of long-distance RNA-RNA interactions, herein termed LDRIs, present in members of the family Tombusviridae and other plus-strand RNA Plant Viruses.
Vicente Pallas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent advances on the multiplex molecular detection of Plant Viruses and viroids
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Vicente Pallas, J A Sancheznavarro, D JamesAbstract:Plant Viruses are still one of the main contributors to economic losses in agriculture. It has been estimated that Plant Viruses can cause as much as 50 billion euros loss worldwide, per year. This situation may be worsened by recent climate change events and the associated changes in disease epidemiology. Reliable and early detection methods are still one of the main and most effective actions to develop control strategies for Plant viral diseases. During the last years, considerable progress has been made to develop tools with high specificity and low detection limits for use in the detection of these Plant pathogens. Time and cost reductions have been some of the main objectives pursued during the last few years as these increase their feasibility for routine use. Among other strategies, these objectives can be achieved by the simultaneous detection and (or) identification of several Viruses in a single assay. Nucleic acid-based detection techniques are especially suitable for this purpose. Polyvalent detection has allowed the detection of multiple Plant Viruses at the genus level. Multiplexing RT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been optimized for the simultaneous detection of more than 10 Plant Viruses/viroids. In this short review, we provide an update on the progress made during the last decade on techniques such as multiplex PCR, polyvalent PCR, non-isotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies to allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. Also, the potential and benefits of the powerful new technique of deep sequencing/next-generation sequencing are described.
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trategies for simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses
Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie, 2006Co-Authors: D James, A Varga, Vicente Pallas, Thierry CandresseAbstract:Plants are infected by a wide range of Viruses. Many cause devastation of Plants and crops resulting in significant economic losses and threats to the viability of certain horticultural and agricultural industries. Resources available for routine detection of Plant Viruses tend to be limited. This means that techniques adopted for routine diagnosis must be of low cost yet sensitive and reliable. Approaches that allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses (multiplexing) reduce the number of tests required, reagent usage, time for analysis, and consequently, the cost. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyvalent PCR, nonisotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. The increased sensitivity achieved with some techniques, such as real-time PCR, permits the use of simple, low-cost target isolation methods such as direct binding, tissue printing, or immunocapture. These result in reduced overall cos...
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Strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses
Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2006Co-Authors: D James, A Varga, Vicente Pallas, Thierry CandresseAbstract:Plants are infected by a wide range of Viruses. Many cause devastation of Plants and crops resulting in significant economic losses and threats to the viability of certain horticultural and agricultural industries. Resources available for routine detection of Plant Viruses tend to be limited. This means that techniques adopted for routine diagnosis must be of low cost yet sensitive and reliable. Approaches that allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses (multiplexing) reduce the number of tests required, reagent usage, time for analysis, and consequently, the cost. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyvalent PCR, nonisotopic molecular hybridization techniques, real-time PCR, and array technologies allow simultaneous detection of multiple Plant Viruses. The increased sensitivity achieved with some techniques, such as real-time PCR, permits the use of simple, low-cost target isolation methods such as direct binding, tissue printing, or immunocapture. These result in reduced overall cost. Multiplexing techniques have the capacity for simultaneous broad-spectrum and specific identification by combining primers and (or) probes that target various taxonomic levels such as family, genus, and species. Polyvalent PCR and broad-spectrum probes have the potential to detect unknown or uncharacterized Viruses, improving our ability to monitor and successfully control these pathogens. Techniques such as microarray analysis offer the potential for development of a single biochip that may facilitate detection of all Viruses affecting a particular crop (e.g., a cucurbit or potato biochip). This may be expanded in time to the detection of every pathogen, including Viruses, affecting a particular Plant.
T Chkuaseli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intragenomic Long-Distance RNA-RNA Interactions in Plus-Strand RNA Plant Viruses.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: T Chkuaseli, K A WhiteAbstract:Plant Viruses that contain positive-strand RNA genomes represent an important class of pathogen. The genomes of these Viruses harbor RNA sequences and higher-order RNA structures that are essential for the regulation of viral processes during infections. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that, in addition to locally positioned RNA structures, long-distance intragenomic interactions, involving nucleotide base pairing over large distances, also contribute significantly to the control of various viral events. Viral processes that are modulated by such interactions include genome replication, translation initiation, translational recoding, and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Here, we review the structure and function of different types of long-distance RNA-RNA interactions, herein termed LDRIs, present in members of the family Tombusviridae and other plus-strand RNA Plant Viruses.
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Intragenomic Long-Distance RNA–RNA Interactions in Plus-Strand RNA Plant Viruses
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: T Chkuaseli, Andrew K WhiteAbstract:Plant Viruses that contain positive-strand RNA genomes represent an important class of pathogen. The genomes of these Viruses harbor RNA sequences and higher-order RNA structures that are essential for the regulation of viral processes during infections. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that, in addition to locally positioned RNA structures, long-distance intragenomic interactions, involving nucleotide base pairing over large distances, also contribute significantly to the control of various viral events. Viral processes that are modulated by such interactions include genome replication, translation initiation, translational recoding, and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Here, we review the structure and function of different types of long-distance RNA–RNA interactions, herein termed LDRIs, present in members of the family Tombusviridae and other plus-strand RNA Plant Viruses
