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Fulai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biochar amendment improves shoot biomass of tomato seedlings and sustains Water relations and leaf gas exchange rates under different irrigation and nitrogen regimes
Agricultural Water Management, 2021Co-Authors: Fulai Liu, Lili Guo, Marie Louise Borno, Wenquan NiuAbstract:Abstract Biochar amendment has many benefits for improving soil Water holding capacity and Plant growth particularly under reduced irrigation regimes, yet the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms remain largely elusive. The combined effects of biochar addition and deficit irrigation under two N fertilizer regimes on tomato Plant growth and physiology were investigated. The results showed that, despite a negative effect on leaf N content, biochar amendment improved the Plant Water status and leaf gas exchange rates under deficit irrigation, thereby enhanced the biomass (DM) of tomato Plants irrespective of N regimes. Even though biochar amendment tended to reduce instantaneous Water Use efficiency, it significantly enhanced Plant Water Use efficiency (WUEp). Biochar increased soil pH and resulted in an increase in xylem pH, which however did not amplify the root-to-shoot ABA signalling inducing early stomatal closure during deficit irrigation. The principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that Plant Water Use (PWU) rather than WUEp contributed significantly to the enhanced DM under biochar amendment. Thus, the greater stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and consequently the higher PWU as exemplified by the lowered leaf δ13C and δ18O values might have contributed to the increased DM of the biochar treated tomato Plants. It is concluded that biochar amendment could be a promising practice to enhance tomato seedling growth under reduced irrigation and N fertilization regimes.
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effects of co2 elevation and irrigation regimes on leaf gas exchange Plant Water relations and Water Use efficiency of two tomato cultivars
Agricultural Water Management, 2016Co-Authors: Pietro T Pazzagli, Jacob Weiner, Fulai LiuAbstract:Abstract We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), different irrigation regimes, and their interactions on leaf gas exchange, Water relations, biomass production, and Water Use efficiency in tomato Plants. In spring 2014, two tomato cultivars (CV1, which is potentially drought tolerant, and CV2 which is potentially heat tolerant) were grown in two separate greenhoUse cells at [CO2] of 380 and 590 μmol L−1 (ppm) located at the experimental farm, Taastrup, Denmark. Plants were either irrigated to 18% of volumetric soil Water content (FI, full irrigation), or irrigated with 70% Water of the fully-irrigated control, delivered to either the whole pot (DI, deficit irrigation) or alternately to only half of the pot (PRD, partial root-zone drying). The experiment was a completed factorial design with four replications per treatment. The two cultivars showed a similar response to soil Water deficits, but their Water consumption responded differently to high [CO2]. Intrinsic Water Use efficiency (WUEi, photosynthetic rate/stomatal conductance) and Plant Water Use efficiency (WUEp, aboveground biomass/Plant Water Use) were both significantly increased by reduced irrigation treatments and elevated [CO2], although no significant reduction of stomatal conductance was detected under high [CO2]. There was a positive interaction between CO2 enrichment and Water deficits on Plant Water Use efficiency. Root Water potential was negetatively affected by reduced irrigation but positively influenced by elevated [CO2], while leaf Water potential was significantly decreased only by reduced irrigation. CO2 enrichment increased flower number without affecting fruit number, thereby reducing fruit set. Reduced irrigation in combination with elevated [CO2] caUsed a significant improvement in Plant Water Use efficiency in both tomato cultivars.
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differential responses of stomatal morphology to partial root zone drying and deficit irrigation in potato leaves under varied nitrogen rates
Scientia Horticulturae, 2012Co-Authors: Fei Yan, Yanqi Sun, Fengbin Song, Fulai LiuAbstract:Abstract The effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) as compared with deficit irrigation (DI) on stomatal morphology of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) under varied nitrogen (N) rates were investigated. The Plants were grown in split-root pots under three N rates, viz., 70 (N1), 125 (N2), and 200 (N3) mg N kg −1 soil, respectively. For each N rate, PRD and DI Plants received the same amount of Water, which allowed re-filling one half of the PRD pot to 100% Water holding capacity. Across the three N rates, guard cell size was larger in DI than in PRD, whereas stomatal pore aperture area ( SA ) was similar between the two irrigation treatments. Stomatal density ( SD ) was affected by both N rate and irrigation treatment and was lower in PRD than in DI under N2 and N3, whereas the reverse was the case under N1. Plant leaf area increased with increasing N rate, but was unaffected by the irrigation treatment. SD positively correlated with leaf N concentration and xylem sap ABA concentration for the DI Plants, but not for the PRD Plants. Nonetheless, negative linear relationships of SD to the mean soil Water content in the pots and the carbon isotope discrimination in the leaves were found across all treatments. Regression analyses showed that it was SA rather than SD positively correlated with the stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate per unit leaf area in the DI; however such relationships were not evident in the PRD. In conclusion, compared to DI, PRD led to a more conservative control in Plant Water Use via modulating stomatal morphology; the smaller stomata combined with a lower SD in the Plants had efficiently reduced Plant Water Use under high N rate, which maintained a better soil Water moisture condition in the PRD pots.
Tracy Lawson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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speedy stomata photosynthesis and Plant Water Use efficiency
New Phytologist, 2019Co-Authors: Tracy Lawson, Silvere VialetchabrandAbstract:Contents Summary 93 I. Introduction 93 II. Influence of the speed of gs responses on A and Wi 93 III. Determinants of the rapidity of gs responses 95 IV. Conclusion 97 Acknowledgements 97 References 97 SUMMARY: Stomatal movements control CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and Water loss through transpiration, and therefore play a key role in Plant productivity and Water Use efficiency. The predicted doubling of global Water usage by 2030 mean that stomatal behaviour is central to current efforts to increase photosynthesis and crop yields, particularly under conditions of reduced Water availability. In the field, slow stomatal responses to dynamic environmental conditions add a temporal dimension to gaseous fluxes between the leaf and atmosphere. Here, we review recent work on the rapidity of stomatal responses and present some of the possible anatomical and biochemical mechanisms that influence the rapidity of stomatal movements.
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rethinking guard cell metabolism
Plant Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Diana Santelia, Tracy LawsonAbstract:Stomata control gaseous fluxes between the internal leaf air spaces and the external atmosphere and, therefore, play a pivotal role in regulating CO2 uptake for photosynthesis as well as Water loss through transpiration. Guard cells, which flank the stomata, undergo adjustments in volume, resulting in changes in pore aperture. Stomatal opening is mediated by the complex regulation of ion transport and solute biosynthesis. Ion transport is exceptionally well understood, whereas our knowledge of guard cell metabolism remains limited, despite several decades of research. In this review, we evaluate the current literature on metabolism in guard cells, particularly the roles of starch, sucrose, and malate. We explore the possible origins of sucrose, including guard cell photosynthesis, and discuss new evidence that points to multiple processes and plasticity in guard cell metabolism that enable these cells to function effectively to maintain optimal stomatal aperture. We also discuss the new tools, techniques, and approaches available for further exploring and potentially manipulating guard cell metabolism to improve Plant Water Use and productivity.
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Mesophyll photosynthesis and guard cell metabolism impacts on stomatal behaviour
New Phytologist, 2014Co-Authors: Tracy Lawson, Andrew J Simkin, Gilor Kelly, David GranotAbstract:Stomata control gaseous fluxes between the internal leaf air spaces and the external atmosphere. Guard cells determine stomatal aperture and must operate to ensure an appropriate balance between CO2 uptake for photosynthesis (A) and Water loss, and ultimately Plant Water Use efficiency (WUE). A strong correlation between A and stomatal conductance (gs ) is well documented and often observed, but the underlying mechanisms, possible signals and metabolites that promote this relationship are currently unknown. In this review we evaluate the current literature on mesophyll-driven signals that may coordinate stomatal behaviour with mesophyll carbon assimilation. We explore a possible role of various metabolites including sucrose and malate (from several potential sources; including guard cell photosynthesis) and new evidence that improvements in WUE have been made by manipulating sucrose metabolism within the guard cells. Finally we discuss the new tools and techniques available for potentially manipulating cell-specific metabolism, including guard and mesophyll cells, in order to elucidate mesophyll-derived signals that coordinate mesophyll CO2 demands with stomatal behaviour, in order to provide a mechanistic understanding of these processes as this may identify potential targets for manipulations in order to improve Plant WUE and crop yield.
Sean R Cutler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Jin Yao, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.
Assaf Mosquna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Jin Yao, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.
Sangyoul Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic control of Plant Water Use using designed aba receptor agonists
Science, 2019Co-Authors: Aditya Vaidya, Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Jonathan D M Helander, Dezi Elzinga, Wim Dejonghe, Amita Kaundal, Zenan Xing, Ryousuke MegaAbstract:Drought caUses crop losses worldwide, and its impact is expected to increase as the world warms. This has motivated the development of small-molecule tools for mitigating the effects of drought on agriculture. We show here that current leads are limited by poor bioactivity in wheat, a widely grown staple crop, and in tomato. To address this limitation, we combined virtual screening, x-ray crystallography, and structure-guided design to develop opabactin (OP), an abscisic acid (ABA) mimic with up to an approximately sevenfold increase in receptor affinity relative to ABA and up to 10-fold greater activity in vivo. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal a role of the type III receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE-LIKE 2 for the antitranspirant efficacy of OP. Thus, virtual screening and structure-guided optimization yielded newly discovered agonists for manipulating crop abiotic stress tolerance and Water Use.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.
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agrochemical control of Plant Water Use using engineered abscisic acid receptors
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyoul Park, Francis C Peterson, Assaf Mosquna, Brian F Volkman, Jin Yao, Sean R CutlerAbstract:In response to Water shortage, Plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling Water Use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described. In response to Water shortage, Plants produce elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance. Sean Cutler and colleagues describe a strategy for controlling Water Use in Plants by incorporating ABA receptors engineered (by targeted mutagenesis) to be activated by an existing agrichemical — the fungicide mandipropamid. They then Use this 'off the shelf' chemical to control ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and obtain mechanistic insights into the basis for its activity. This strategy may be applicable to other Plant receptors and opens new avenues for crop improvement. Rising temperatures and lessening fresh Water supplies are threatening agricultural productivity and have motivated efforts to improve Plant Water Use and drought tolerance. During Water deficit, Plants produce elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), which improves Water consumption and stress tolerance by controlling guard cell aperture and other protective responses1,2. One attractive strategy for controlling Water Use is to develop compounds that activate ABA receptors, but agonists approved for Use have yet to be developed. In principle, an engineered ABA receptor that can be activated by an existing agrochemical could achieve this goal. Here we describe a variant of the ABA receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1) that possesses nanomolar sensitivity to the agrochemical mandipropamid and demonstrate its efficacy for controlling ABA responses and drought tolerance in transgenic Plants. Furthermore, crystallographic studies provide a mechanistic basis for its activity and demonstrate the relative ease with which the PYR1 ligand-binding pocket can be altered to accommodate new ligands. Thus, we have successfully repurposed an agrochemical for a new application using receptor engineering. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to other Plant receptors and represents a new avenue for crop improvement.