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A V Surov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • on determination of arc currents in three phase single chamber Plasma Generators
    Journal of Engineering Physics, 2014
    Co-Authors: V. B. Kovshechnikov, A. A. Ufimtsev, G G Antonov, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    Two methods of determining the arc currents in three-phase single-chamber alternating-current Generators are presented. In the fi rst method, the current traversing one of the electrode spacings in a three-phase network is disregarded. The second method is based on the consideration of the general mechanisms of the gas fl ows around arcs. In this method, the volt-ampere characteristic of an arc discharge is constructed from the calculated values of the voltage drop across the arc that are closest to the measured values of this drop.

  • investigation of power are Plasma Generators of alternating current for Plasma chemical applications
    International Conference on Plasma Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: I I Kumkova, A A Safronov, S D Popov, Roman V. Ovchinnikov, V A Spodobin, A V Pavlov, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    The paper describes the results of spectral and optical measurements of power arc Plasma Generators of alternating current using air as a working gas. The dependence of temperature in the Plasma generator flame on gas flow rate is investigated. The qualitative picture of behavior of an arc and Plasma generator flame at different stages of the discharge received by means of high-speed shooting is studied. Now the significant attention is given to development of devices for generation of nonequilibrium air Plasma of atmospheric pressure with electron concentration more than 1012 cm-3 and gas temperature less than 2000 K. There are a lot of applications of this type of Plasma, and every year their amount increases. For example there are systems of sterilization, air-Plasma hardening of materials and modification of polymer surface. Besides organic waste processing technologies are actively developed in the last decade. It is known that calorific value of many kinds of solid organic containing waste is enough for the organization of processes of their combustion with the purpose of destruction with the subsequent recuperation of part of energy. A great amount of combustion plants is created all over the world. However it rather more efficient to subject organic waste to gasification because in this case the organic component of waste will be transformed to combustible gas having a wide spectrum of opportunities on further application, the main of which is energy generation. According to the preliminary estimations and calculations the low temperature Plasma application in these processes will allow essentially increasing in their efficiency, and use of Plasma Generators of the examined type looks very promising.

  • High-Voltage Plasma Generators of Alternating Current with Rod Electrodes Stationary Operating on Oxidizing Media
    2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), 2007
    Co-Authors: Philip G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, I I Kumkova, V. E. Kuznetsov, A.p. Rutberg, V.n. Shiryaev, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. The stationary Plasma Generators of alternating current with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW up to 50 kW have been developed in IEE RAS. The Generators are used in Plasmachemical installations intended for various practical applications including waste destruction and processing with synthesis-gas production. These are single-phase and three-phase high-voltage Plasma Generators, which prime property is ability to work on oxidizing media. In the presented paper, the basic physical processes proceeding in discharge chambers are examined. External characteristics of Plasma Generators are based on experimental data: dependences of working gas heat content, power in arcs and thermal efficiency from the Plasma gas flow rate. Influence of variation of the Plasma gas flow rate on electric parameters is shown. High-voltage Plasma Generators with rod electrodes are designed for operation on oxidizing environments (air) at atmospheric pressure with power (5-50) kW, Plasma gas flow rate can vary in the range between 1 and 25 g/s. Thus, the thermal efficiency is 80-95%. The presented Plasma Generators have several advantages what makes their use at Plasma technologies realization very prospective. One of basic advantages is the opportunity to control working gas heat content in a wide range (for air - from 2 MJ/kg up to 12 MJ/kg). Duration of continuous operation of such Plasma Generators is defined by electrode lifetime and makes several hundreds hours.

  • multiphase electric arc ac Plasma Generators for Plasma technologies
    High Temperature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, G V Nakonechnyi
    Abstract:

    Multiphase electric-arc ac Plasma Generators with a power of 10 to 500 kW are described, which are designed for use in Plasma technologies. Results are given of the investigation of the characteristics of Plasma Generators for different operating modes, and the basic principles of operation of such Plasma Generators are described.

  • multiphase stationary Plasma Generators working on oxidizing media
    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, Gh V Nakonechny
    Abstract:

    The subject of this paper is the design of two types of stationary multiphase ac Plasma Generators, developed for Plasma chemical methods of waste destruction and processing (including syngas production). This paper presents Plasma Generators of average power (up to 50 kW) and high power (up to 500 kW) working on oxidizing media and describes the basic physical processes in the discharge chamber of a multiphase low-temperature (thermal) Plasma generator. The presence of diffuse mode of arc burning at ne ~ 1014–1015 cm−3 and contracted mode ne ≥ 1016 cm−3 is detected. The external characteristics (dependence of working gas heat content, power in arcs and efficiency on flow rate) based on experimental data are presented. The influence of Plasma forming gas variation on electric parameters is demonstrated. The powerful multiphase Plasma generator works at atmospheric pressure on oxidizing media (air) in the power range 100–500 kW and the flow rates 10–70 g s−1 with thermal efficiency of 70–90% and electrode lifetime of more than a hundred hours. The thermal efficiency of an average power (up to 50 kW) Plasma generator in the range of air flow rate of 2–25 g s−1 is 80–95%, while the electrode lifetime is hundreds of hours. The described multiphase Plasma Generators allow the working gas heat content to be controlled in a wide range at the outlet (for air—from 1.5 MJ kg−1 up to 12.5 MJ kg−1), which is important for the realization of Plasma technologies, including syngas production.

S D Popov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of power are Plasma Generators of alternating current for Plasma chemical applications
    International Conference on Plasma Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: I I Kumkova, A A Safronov, S D Popov, Roman V. Ovchinnikov, V A Spodobin, A V Pavlov, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    The paper describes the results of spectral and optical measurements of power arc Plasma Generators of alternating current using air as a working gas. The dependence of temperature in the Plasma generator flame on gas flow rate is investigated. The qualitative picture of behavior of an arc and Plasma generator flame at different stages of the discharge received by means of high-speed shooting is studied. Now the significant attention is given to development of devices for generation of nonequilibrium air Plasma of atmospheric pressure with electron concentration more than 1012 cm-3 and gas temperature less than 2000 K. There are a lot of applications of this type of Plasma, and every year their amount increases. For example there are systems of sterilization, air-Plasma hardening of materials and modification of polymer surface. Besides organic waste processing technologies are actively developed in the last decade. It is known that calorific value of many kinds of solid organic containing waste is enough for the organization of processes of their combustion with the purpose of destruction with the subsequent recuperation of part of energy. A great amount of combustion plants is created all over the world. However it rather more efficient to subject organic waste to gasification because in this case the organic component of waste will be transformed to combustible gas having a wide spectrum of opportunities on further application, the main of which is energy generation. According to the preliminary estimations and calculations the low temperature Plasma application in these processes will allow essentially increasing in their efficiency, and use of Plasma Generators of the examined type looks very promising.

  • The use of AC Plasma Generators for operation as a part of Plasma reactor: Special features
    High Temperature, 2007
    Co-Authors: S D Popov, A. F. Rutberg, A A Safronov
    Abstract:

    Various operating modes are described of an electric-arc generator of low-temperature Plasma as a part of a plasmochemical facility, depending on the manner in which the power supply is connected.

  • High-Voltage Plasma Generators of Alternating Current with Rod Electrodes Stationary Operating on Oxidizing Media
    2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), 2007
    Co-Authors: Philip G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, I I Kumkova, V. E. Kuznetsov, A.p. Rutberg, V.n. Shiryaev, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. The stationary Plasma Generators of alternating current with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW up to 50 kW have been developed in IEE RAS. The Generators are used in Plasmachemical installations intended for various practical applications including waste destruction and processing with synthesis-gas production. These are single-phase and three-phase high-voltage Plasma Generators, which prime property is ability to work on oxidizing media. In the presented paper, the basic physical processes proceeding in discharge chambers are examined. External characteristics of Plasma Generators are based on experimental data: dependences of working gas heat content, power in arcs and thermal efficiency from the Plasma gas flow rate. Influence of variation of the Plasma gas flow rate on electric parameters is shown. High-voltage Plasma Generators with rod electrodes are designed for operation on oxidizing environments (air) at atmospheric pressure with power (5-50) kW, Plasma gas flow rate can vary in the range between 1 and 25 g/s. Thus, the thermal efficiency is 80-95%. The presented Plasma Generators have several advantages what makes their use at Plasma technologies realization very prospective. One of basic advantages is the opportunity to control working gas heat content in a wide range (for air - from 2 MJ/kg up to 12 MJ/kg). Duration of continuous operation of such Plasma Generators is defined by electrode lifetime and makes several hundreds hours.

  • Characteristic Features of Operation of High-Voltage Electric Arc Plasma Generators with Rod Electrodes and Power from 5 Up to 50 kW in a Pilot Plasmachemical Unit
    2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), 2007
    Co-Authors: Philip G. Rutberg, S D Popov, Vadim P. Gorbunov, Sergey A. Kuschev, Sergey Lukyanov, G.v. Nakonechny, V. E. Popov, V A Spodobin, E O Serba
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. Characteristic features of operation of a single-phase and multiphase high-voltage electric arc AC Plasma Generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW to 50 kW in a pilot unit for Plasma pyrolysis of organic waste with syngas production are described. Probably significant change of parameters (temperature, pressure, a chemical gas composition), caused both by change of the process, and various emergencies are possible while in use inside the Plasma reactor. Operating modes of Plasma Generators are investigated at various temperatures and pressures inside of the Plasma reactor. System response electric arc AC Plasma torch - power source is examined on change of Plasma reactor operation parameters. Flow characteristics are determined. The analysis of transient processes in the system is performed. Areas of steady operation of Plasma Generators for various external conditions are determined.

  • multiphase electric arc ac Plasma Generators for Plasma technologies
    High Temperature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, G V Nakonechnyi
    Abstract:

    Multiphase electric-arc ac Plasma Generators with a power of 10 to 500 kW are described, which are designed for use in Plasma technologies. Results are given of the investigation of the characteristics of Plasma Generators for different operating modes, and the basic principles of operation of such Plasma Generators are described.

A A Safronov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of power are Plasma Generators of alternating current for Plasma chemical applications
    International Conference on Plasma Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: I I Kumkova, A A Safronov, S D Popov, Roman V. Ovchinnikov, V A Spodobin, A V Pavlov, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    The paper describes the results of spectral and optical measurements of power arc Plasma Generators of alternating current using air as a working gas. The dependence of temperature in the Plasma generator flame on gas flow rate is investigated. The qualitative picture of behavior of an arc and Plasma generator flame at different stages of the discharge received by means of high-speed shooting is studied. Now the significant attention is given to development of devices for generation of nonequilibrium air Plasma of atmospheric pressure with electron concentration more than 1012 cm-3 and gas temperature less than 2000 K. There are a lot of applications of this type of Plasma, and every year their amount increases. For example there are systems of sterilization, air-Plasma hardening of materials and modification of polymer surface. Besides organic waste processing technologies are actively developed in the last decade. It is known that calorific value of many kinds of solid organic containing waste is enough for the organization of processes of their combustion with the purpose of destruction with the subsequent recuperation of part of energy. A great amount of combustion plants is created all over the world. However it rather more efficient to subject organic waste to gasification because in this case the organic component of waste will be transformed to combustible gas having a wide spectrum of opportunities on further application, the main of which is energy generation. According to the preliminary estimations and calculations the low temperature Plasma application in these processes will allow essentially increasing in their efficiency, and use of Plasma Generators of the examined type looks very promising.

  • The use of AC Plasma Generators for operation as a part of Plasma reactor: Special features
    High Temperature, 2007
    Co-Authors: S D Popov, A. F. Rutberg, A A Safronov
    Abstract:

    Various operating modes are described of an electric-arc generator of low-temperature Plasma as a part of a plasmochemical facility, depending on the manner in which the power supply is connected.

  • High-Voltage Plasma Generators of Alternating Current with Rod Electrodes Stationary Operating on Oxidizing Media
    2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), 2007
    Co-Authors: Philip G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, I I Kumkova, V. E. Kuznetsov, A.p. Rutberg, V.n. Shiryaev, A V Surov
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. The stationary Plasma Generators of alternating current with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW up to 50 kW have been developed in IEE RAS. The Generators are used in Plasmachemical installations intended for various practical applications including waste destruction and processing with synthesis-gas production. These are single-phase and three-phase high-voltage Plasma Generators, which prime property is ability to work on oxidizing media. In the presented paper, the basic physical processes proceeding in discharge chambers are examined. External characteristics of Plasma Generators are based on experimental data: dependences of working gas heat content, power in arcs and thermal efficiency from the Plasma gas flow rate. Influence of variation of the Plasma gas flow rate on electric parameters is shown. High-voltage Plasma Generators with rod electrodes are designed for operation on oxidizing environments (air) at atmospheric pressure with power (5-50) kW, Plasma gas flow rate can vary in the range between 1 and 25 g/s. Thus, the thermal efficiency is 80-95%. The presented Plasma Generators have several advantages what makes their use at Plasma technologies realization very prospective. One of basic advantages is the opportunity to control working gas heat content in a wide range (for air - from 2 MJ/kg up to 12 MJ/kg). Duration of continuous operation of such Plasma Generators is defined by electrode lifetime and makes several hundreds hours.

  • multiphase electric arc ac Plasma Generators for Plasma technologies
    High Temperature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, G V Nakonechnyi
    Abstract:

    Multiphase electric-arc ac Plasma Generators with a power of 10 to 500 kW are described, which are designed for use in Plasma technologies. Results are given of the investigation of the characteristics of Plasma Generators for different operating modes, and the basic principles of operation of such Plasma Generators are described.

  • multiphase stationary Plasma Generators working on oxidizing media
    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, Gh V Nakonechny
    Abstract:

    The subject of this paper is the design of two types of stationary multiphase ac Plasma Generators, developed for Plasma chemical methods of waste destruction and processing (including syngas production). This paper presents Plasma Generators of average power (up to 50 kW) and high power (up to 500 kW) working on oxidizing media and describes the basic physical processes in the discharge chamber of a multiphase low-temperature (thermal) Plasma generator. The presence of diffuse mode of arc burning at ne ~ 1014–1015 cm−3 and contracted mode ne ≥ 1016 cm−3 is detected. The external characteristics (dependence of working gas heat content, power in arcs and efficiency on flow rate) based on experimental data are presented. The influence of Plasma forming gas variation on electric parameters is demonstrated. The powerful multiphase Plasma generator works at atmospheric pressure on oxidizing media (air) in the power range 100–500 kW and the flow rates 10–70 g s−1 with thermal efficiency of 70–90% and electrode lifetime of more than a hundred hours. The thermal efficiency of an average power (up to 50 kW) Plasma generator in the range of air flow rate of 2–25 g s−1 is 80–95%, while the electrode lifetime is hundreds of hours. The described multiphase Plasma Generators allow the working gas heat content to be controlled in a wide range at the outlet (for air—from 1.5 MJ kg−1 up to 12.5 MJ kg−1), which is important for the realization of Plasma technologies, including syngas production.

Aart W Kleyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • modeling and experiments on differential pumping in linear Plasma Generators operating at high gas flows
    Journal of Applied Physics, 2009
    Co-Authors: H J N Van Eck, W R Koppers, G J Van Rooij, W J Goedheer, Richard Engeln, D Daan C Schram, N Lopes J Cardozo, Aart W Kleyn
    Abstract:

    The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method was used to investigate the efficiency of differential pumping in linear Plasma Generators operating at high gas flows. Skimmers are used to separate the neutrals from the Plasma beam, which is guided from the source to the target by a strong axial magnetic field. In this way, the neutrals are prevented to reach the target region. The neutral flux to the target must be lower than the Plasma flux to enable ITER relevant Plasma-surface interaction (PSI) studies. It is therefore essential to control the neutral gas dynamics. The DSMC method was used to model the expansion of a hot gas in a low pressure vessel where a small discrepancy in shock position was found between the simulations and a well-established empirical formula. Two stage differential pumping was modeled and applied in the linear Plasma devices Pilot-PSI and PLEXIS. In Pilot-PSI a factor of 4.5 pressure reduction for H2 has been demonstrated. Both simulations and experiments showed that the optim...

  • extreme hydrogen Plasma densities achieved in a linear Plasma generator
    Applied Physics Letters, 2007
    Co-Authors: G J Van Rooij, W J Goedheer, Richard Engeln, Aart W Kleyn, V P Veremiyenko, B De Groot, P H M Smeets, T W Versloot, D G Whyte, D Daan C Schram
    Abstract:

    A magnetized hydrogen Plasma beam was generated with a cascaded arc, expanding in a vacuum vessel at an axial magnetic field of up to 1.6T. Its characteristics were measured at a distance of 4cm from the nozzle: up to a 2cm beam diameter, 7.5×1020m−3 electron density, ∼2eV electron and ion temperatures, and 3.5km∕s axial Plasma velocity. This gives a 2.6×1024H+m−2s−1 peak ion flux density, which is unprecedented in linear Plasma Generators. The high efficiency of the source is obtained by the combined action of the magnetic field and an optimized nozzle geometry. This is interpreted as a cross-field return current that leads to power dissipation in the beam just outside the source.

Ph. G. Rutberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • multiphase electric arc ac Plasma Generators for Plasma technologies
    High Temperature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, G V Nakonechnyi
    Abstract:

    Multiphase electric-arc ac Plasma Generators with a power of 10 to 500 kW are described, which are designed for use in Plasma technologies. Results are given of the investigation of the characteristics of Plasma Generators for different operating modes, and the basic principles of operation of such Plasma Generators are described.

  • multiphase stationary Plasma Generators working on oxidizing media
    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, A A Safronov, S D Popov, A V Surov, Gh V Nakonechny
    Abstract:

    The subject of this paper is the design of two types of stationary multiphase ac Plasma Generators, developed for Plasma chemical methods of waste destruction and processing (including syngas production). This paper presents Plasma Generators of average power (up to 50 kW) and high power (up to 500 kW) working on oxidizing media and describes the basic physical processes in the discharge chamber of a multiphase low-temperature (thermal) Plasma generator. The presence of diffuse mode of arc burning at ne ~ 1014–1015 cm−3 and contracted mode ne ≥ 1016 cm−3 is detected. The external characteristics (dependence of working gas heat content, power in arcs and efficiency on flow rate) based on experimental data are presented. The influence of Plasma forming gas variation on electric parameters is demonstrated. The powerful multiphase Plasma generator works at atmospheric pressure on oxidizing media (air) in the power range 100–500 kW and the flow rates 10–70 g s−1 with thermal efficiency of 70–90% and electrode lifetime of more than a hundred hours. The thermal efficiency of an average power (up to 50 kW) Plasma generator in the range of air flow rate of 2–25 g s−1 is 80–95%, while the electrode lifetime is hundreds of hours. The described multiphase Plasma Generators allow the working gas heat content to be controlled in a wide range at the outlet (for air—from 1.5 MJ kg−1 up to 12.5 MJ kg−1), which is important for the realization of Plasma technologies, including syngas production.

  • Plasma pyrolysis of toxic waste
    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2003
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg
    Abstract:

    The comparison of technical economic indexes of different waste treatment methods and Plasma pyrolysis is presented in the paper. It testifies that Plasma technologies are economically expedient for these purposes. Physical prerequisites allowing realizing Plasma technologies are presented. Reliable and economical (70–120 Euro per ton of treated product) Plasma generation is the basic condition of the technology realization. In this connection, various types of powerful Generators of dense Plasma (Plasmatrons) in the range from 100 kW to 3 MW and temperature of Plasma jets from 2000 to 10 000 K, and also physical processes taking place in electric-discharge chambers are examined. Differences between AC and DC electric arc Plasma Generators are analysed. Temperature in arcs of Plasma Generators varies from 6000 to 20 000 K, electron concentration is ne~(1014–1019 cm−3). Specific ware of electrodes in various types of Plasma Generators intended for long-time operation modes is (10−7–10−4) g C−1. Physicochemical processes in Plasma reactors intended for waste treatment and pyrolysis are described. Different types of technological processes on Plasma treatment and pyrolysis of waste are analysed. Estimation of present situation of physical investigations and technological developments in this area and predictions for nearest future are included. This article was scheduled to appear in issue 5 of Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. To access this Special issue please follow this link: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/0741-3335/45/5

  • pulse and power three phase Plasma Generators possible applications
    International Conference on Plasma Science, 1996
    Co-Authors: Ph. G. Rutberg, V A Kolikov, A A Bogomaz, A A Safronov, I S Polovtsev
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. It is well known that Plasma pulse Generators are used widely in scientific investigations and in industrial technologies. The main spheres of Plasma generator application are enumerated in this work. Simplified construction of pulse Plasma Generators with a coaxial electrode system is presented. Typical oscillograms of the discharge current, voltage drop on the arc, the pressure in the discharge chamber, power chart of the arc and other physical processes in the arcs of the pulse Plasma Generators are shown. Three-phase single chamber Plasma Generators are considered to be quite perspective for solving this problems. Two types of Plasma Generators are analyzed: the first type is intended for inert gases, nitrogen and hydrogen heating, with electrodes made from composite materials on the basis of tungsten. The second type of Generators is to be used with air and other oxidizing media. Plasma Generators with the power of (60-500) kW with pipe copper electrodes are analyzed. The new possible area of pulse Plasma generator applications-the destruction of toxic and industrial waste is stated.