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Rudy M. Ortiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exogenous glp 1 stimulates tca cycle and suppresses gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in late fasted northern elephant seals pups
    American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Daniel E Crocker, Jaapna Dhillon, John W Newman, Oliver Fiehn, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    The postweaning fast of northern elephant seal pups is characterized by a lipid-dependent metabolism and associated with a decrease in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose and increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and ketogenesis. We have also demonstrated that exogenous GLP-1 infusion increased plasma insulin despite simultaneous increases in cortisol and glucagon, which collectively present contradictory regulatory stimuli of GNG, ketogenesis, and glycolysis. To assess the effects of GLP-1 on metabolism using primary carbon metabolite profiles in late-fasted seal pups, we dose-dependently infused late-fasted seals with low (LDG; 10 pM/kg; n = 3) or high (HDG; 100 pM/kg; n = 4) GLP-1 immediately following a glucose bolus (0.5 g/kg), using glucose without GLP-1 as control (n = 5). Infusions were performed in similarly aged animals 6-8 wk into their postweaning fast. The plasma metabolome was measured from samples collected at five time points just prior to and during the infusions, and network maps constructed to robustly evaluate the effects of GLP-1 on primary carbon metabolism. HDG increased key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, and decreased phosphoenolpyruvate and acetoacetate (P < 0.05) suggesting that elevated levels of GLP-1 promote glycolysis and suppress GNG and ketogenesis, which collectively increase glucose clearance. These GLP-1-mediated effects on cellular metabolism help to explain why plasma GLP-1 concentrations decrease naturally in fasting pups as an evolved mechanism to help conserve glucose during the late-fasting period.

  • decreased expression of adipose cd36 and fatp1 are associated with increased plasma non esterified fatty acids during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups mirounga angustirostris
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Sean H Adams, Ruben Rodriguez, Jose Pablo Vazquezmedina, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY The northern elephant seal pup ( Mirounga angustirostris ) undergoes a 2–3 month post-weaning fast, during which it depends primarily on the oxidation of fatty acids to meet its energetic demands. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) increases and is associated with the development of insulin resistance in late-fasted pups. Furthermore, plasma NEFA concentrations respond differentially to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) depending on fasting duration, suggesting that the effects of glucose on lipid metabolism are altered. However, elucidation of the lipolytic mechanisms including lipase activity during prolonged fasting in mammals is scarce. To assess the impact of fasting and glucose on the regulation of lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and plasma samples were collected before and after ivGTTs performed on early (2 weeks, N =5) and late (6–8 weeks; N =8) fasted pups. Glucose administration increased plasma triglycerides and NEFA concentrations in late-fasted seals, but not plasma glycerol. Fasting decreased basal adipose lipase activity by 50%. Fasting also increased plasma lipase activity twofold and decreased the expressions of CD36, FAS, FATP1 and PEPCK-C by 22–43% in adipose tissue. Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicated that late-fasted seals display higher incomplete LCFA β-oxidation. Results suggest that long-term fasting induces shifts in the regulation of lipolysis and lipid metabolism associated with the onset of insulin resistance in northern elephant seal pups. Delineation of the mechanisms responsible for this shift in regulation during fasting can contribute to a more thorough understanding of the changes in lipid metabolism associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in mammals.

  • 5 amp activated protein kinase activity is increased in adipose tissue of northern elephant seal pups during prolonged fasting induced insulin resistance
    Journal of Endocrinology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol and free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase and plasma glucose decreases in fasting seals suggesting that AMPK activity contributes to glucose regulation during insulin-resistant conditions. To address the hypothesis that AMPK activity increases during fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) on early (n=5) and late (n=8)-fasted seal pups and compared adipose tissue expression of insulin signaling proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and AMPK, in addition to plasma adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Fasting was associated with decreased glucose clearance, plasma insulin and adiponectin, and intracellular insulin signaling, as well as increased plasma cortisol and NEFAs, supporting the suggestion that seals develop insulin resistance late in the fast. The expression of Glut4 and VAMP2 increased (52 and 63% respectively) with fasting but did not change significantly during the GTT. PPARγ and phosphorylated AMPK did not change in the early fasted seals, but increased significantly (73 and 50% respectively) in the late-fasted seals during the GTT. Increased AMPK activity along with the reduction in the activity of insulin-signaling proteins supports our hypothesis that AMPK activity is increased following the onset of insulin resistance. The association between increased AMPK activity and Glut4 expression suggests that AMPK plays a greater role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals adapted to prolonged fasting than in non-fasting mammals.

  • of northern elephant seal pups during prolonged fasting induced insulin resistance
    2011
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol and free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression and 5 0 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase and plasma glucose decreases in fasting seals suggesting that AMPK activity contributes to glucose regulation during insulin-resistant conditions. To address the hypothesis that AMPK activity increases during fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) on early (nZ5) and late (nZ8)-fasted seal pups and compared adipose tissue expression of insulin signaling proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg), and AMPK, in addition to plasma adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Fasting was associated with decreased glucose clearance, plasma insulin and adiponectin, and intracellular insulin signaling, as well as increased plasma cortisol and NEFAs, supporting the suggestion that seals develop insulin resistance late in the fast. The expression of Glut4 and VAMP2 increased (52 and 63% respectively) with fasting but did not change significantly during the GTT. PPARg and phosphorylated AMPK did not change in the early fasted seals, but increased significantly (73 and 50% respectively) in the late-fasted seals during the GTT. Increased AMPK activity along with the reduction in the activity of insulin-signaling proteins supports our hypothesis that AMPK activity is increased following the onset of insulin resistance. The association between increased AMPK activity and Glut4 expression suggests that AMPK plays a greater role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals adapted to prolonged fasting than in non-fasting mammals.

  • plasma vasopressin levels and water conservation in fasting postweaned northern elephant seal pups mirounga angustirostris
    Marine Mammal Science, 1996
    Co-Authors: Rudy M. Ortiz, Sean H Adams, Daniel P. Costa, Leo C Ortiz
    Abstract:

    Northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris) use several physiological mechanisms to conserve water during their 8- 12-wk postweaning fast. Urine was analyzed from five animals and plasma from four of those animals was sampled serially throughout the postweaning period to quantify changes in urine concentrating ability and electrolyte homeostasis at various stages of the fast (Early = 1-4 wk, Mid = 4-7 wk, Late = 7-10 wk). Plasma osmolarities stayed relatively constant at 301.6 f 13.1 mOsm/kg. Urine osmolarities ranged from 1,053.5 ± 78.6 mOsm/kg (Early), to 1,585.0 ± 136.7 mOsm/kg after eight weeks, dropping to 1,214.3 ± 349.6 mOsm/kg (Late). Urine concentrations for Na+ and K+ early in the fast were 55.0 ± 14.6 mM and 180.8 ± 48.6 mM, respectively, declining to 8.2 ± 3.3 mM and 91.4 ± 29.0 mM later. Plasma vasopressin concentrations ranged from 34.8 ± 18.2 pg/ml (Early) to 4.8 ± 1.3 pg/ml (Late). The pups appear to conserve their body water by producing a concentrated urine, thus reducing urinary water loss. The significance of the antidiuretic role of vasopressin in the conservation of body water in these pups could not be conclusively determined from the results.

Rinaldo Bellomo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plasma lyte 148 vs hartmann s solution for cardiopulmonary bypass pump prime a prospective double blind randomized trial
    Perfusion, 2018
    Co-Authors: Laurence Weinberg, Elizabeth Chiam, James Hooper, Frank Liskaser, Angela Kim Hawkins, Denise Massie, Andrew G Ellis, David A Story, Rinaldo Bellomo
    Abstract:

    Background:The mechanisms of acid-base changes during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that, when used as CPB pump prime solutions, Plasma-Lyte 148 (PL) and Har...

  • the plasma lyte 148 v saline plus study protocol a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intensive care fluid therapy on mortality
    Critical Care and Resuscitation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Naomi Hammond, John Myburgh, Rinaldo Bellomo, Diane Mackle, Martin Gallagher, David Gattas, Parisa Glass, Sharon Micallef, Manoj Saxena, Colman Taylor
    Abstract:

    Background: 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) is the most commonly administered resuscitation fluid on a global basis but emerging evidence suggests that its high chloride content may have important adverse effects. Objective: To describe the study protocol for the Plasma- Lyte 148 v Saline study, which will test the hypothesis that in critically ill adult patients the use of Plasma-Lyte 148 (a buffered crystalloid solution) for fluid therapy results in different 90-day all-cause mortality when compared with saline. Design and setting: We will conduct this multicentre, blinded, randomised controlled trial in approximately 50 intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand. We will randomly assign 8800 patients to either Plasma-Lyte 148 or saline for all resuscitation fluid, maintenance fluid and compatible drug dilution therapy while in the ICU for up to 90 days after randomisation. Outcome measures: The primary outcome is 90-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes include mean and peak creatinine concentration, incidence of renal replacement therapy, incidence and duration of vasoactive drug treatment, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and quality of life and health services use at 6 months. Results and conclusions: The PLUS study will provide high-quality data on the comparative safety and efficacy of Plasma-Lyte 148 compared with saline for resuscitation and compatible crystalloid fluid therapy in critically ill adult patients.

  • a protocol for the 0 9 saline versus plasma lyte 148 for intensive care fluid therapy split study
    Critical Care and Resuscitation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sumeet K Reddy, John Myburgh, Rinaldo Bellomo, Diane Mackle, Richard Beasley, Colin Mcarthur, Seton J Henderson, Michael Bailey, Jan Mehrtens, Shay Mcguinness
    Abstract:

    Background: 0.9% saline is the most commonly used intravenous (IV) fluid in the world. However, recent data raise the possibility that, compared with buffered crystalloid fluids such as Plasma-Lyte 148, the administration of 0.9% saline to intensive care unit patients might increase their risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).

  • plasma lyte 148 vs 0 9 saline for fluid resuscitation in diabetic ketoacidosis
    Journal of Critical Care, 2012
    Co-Authors: Horngruey Chua, Rinaldo Bellomo, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Edward Stachowski, Antoine G Schneider, Kelly Perkins, Suzy Ladanyi, Peter Kruger
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of Plasma-Lyte 148 (PL) vs 0.9% saline (NS) fluid resuscitation in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods A multicenter retrospective analysis of adults admitted for DKA to the intensive care unit, who received almost exclusively PL or NS infusion up until 12 hours, was performed. Results Nine patients with PL and 14 patients with NS were studied. Median serum bicarbonate correction was higher in the PL vs NS groups at 4 to 6 hours (8.4 vs 1.7 mEq/L) and 6 to 12 hours (12.8 vs 6.2 mEq/L) from baseline ( P P Conclusion Patients with DKA resuscitated with PL instead of NS had faster initial resolution of metabolic acidosis and less hyperchloremia, with a transiently improved blood pressure profile and urine output.

Jose A Viscarra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exogenous glp 1 stimulates tca cycle and suppresses gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in late fasted northern elephant seals pups
    American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Daniel E Crocker, Jaapna Dhillon, John W Newman, Oliver Fiehn, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    The postweaning fast of northern elephant seal pups is characterized by a lipid-dependent metabolism and associated with a decrease in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose and increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and ketogenesis. We have also demonstrated that exogenous GLP-1 infusion increased plasma insulin despite simultaneous increases in cortisol and glucagon, which collectively present contradictory regulatory stimuli of GNG, ketogenesis, and glycolysis. To assess the effects of GLP-1 on metabolism using primary carbon metabolite profiles in late-fasted seal pups, we dose-dependently infused late-fasted seals with low (LDG; 10 pM/kg; n = 3) or high (HDG; 100 pM/kg; n = 4) GLP-1 immediately following a glucose bolus (0.5 g/kg), using glucose without GLP-1 as control (n = 5). Infusions were performed in similarly aged animals 6-8 wk into their postweaning fast. The plasma metabolome was measured from samples collected at five time points just prior to and during the infusions, and network maps constructed to robustly evaluate the effects of GLP-1 on primary carbon metabolism. HDG increased key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, and decreased phosphoenolpyruvate and acetoacetate (P < 0.05) suggesting that elevated levels of GLP-1 promote glycolysis and suppress GNG and ketogenesis, which collectively increase glucose clearance. These GLP-1-mediated effects on cellular metabolism help to explain why plasma GLP-1 concentrations decrease naturally in fasting pups as an evolved mechanism to help conserve glucose during the late-fasting period.

  • decreased expression of adipose cd36 and fatp1 are associated with increased plasma non esterified fatty acids during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups mirounga angustirostris
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Sean H Adams, Ruben Rodriguez, Jose Pablo Vazquezmedina, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY The northern elephant seal pup ( Mirounga angustirostris ) undergoes a 2–3 month post-weaning fast, during which it depends primarily on the oxidation of fatty acids to meet its energetic demands. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) increases and is associated with the development of insulin resistance in late-fasted pups. Furthermore, plasma NEFA concentrations respond differentially to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) depending on fasting duration, suggesting that the effects of glucose on lipid metabolism are altered. However, elucidation of the lipolytic mechanisms including lipase activity during prolonged fasting in mammals is scarce. To assess the impact of fasting and glucose on the regulation of lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and plasma samples were collected before and after ivGTTs performed on early (2 weeks, N =5) and late (6–8 weeks; N =8) fasted pups. Glucose administration increased plasma triglycerides and NEFA concentrations in late-fasted seals, but not plasma glycerol. Fasting decreased basal adipose lipase activity by 50%. Fasting also increased plasma lipase activity twofold and decreased the expressions of CD36, FAS, FATP1 and PEPCK-C by 22–43% in adipose tissue. Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicated that late-fasted seals display higher incomplete LCFA β-oxidation. Results suggest that long-term fasting induces shifts in the regulation of lipolysis and lipid metabolism associated with the onset of insulin resistance in northern elephant seal pups. Delineation of the mechanisms responsible for this shift in regulation during fasting can contribute to a more thorough understanding of the changes in lipid metabolism associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in mammals.

  • 5 amp activated protein kinase activity is increased in adipose tissue of northern elephant seal pups during prolonged fasting induced insulin resistance
    Journal of Endocrinology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol and free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase and plasma glucose decreases in fasting seals suggesting that AMPK activity contributes to glucose regulation during insulin-resistant conditions. To address the hypothesis that AMPK activity increases during fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) on early (n=5) and late (n=8)-fasted seal pups and compared adipose tissue expression of insulin signaling proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and AMPK, in addition to plasma adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Fasting was associated with decreased glucose clearance, plasma insulin and adiponectin, and intracellular insulin signaling, as well as increased plasma cortisol and NEFAs, supporting the suggestion that seals develop insulin resistance late in the fast. The expression of Glut4 and VAMP2 increased (52 and 63% respectively) with fasting but did not change significantly during the GTT. PPARγ and phosphorylated AMPK did not change in the early fasted seals, but increased significantly (73 and 50% respectively) in the late-fasted seals during the GTT. Increased AMPK activity along with the reduction in the activity of insulin-signaling proteins supports our hypothesis that AMPK activity is increased following the onset of insulin resistance. The association between increased AMPK activity and Glut4 expression suggests that AMPK plays a greater role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals adapted to prolonged fasting than in non-fasting mammals.

  • of northern elephant seal pups during prolonged fasting induced insulin resistance
    2011
    Co-Authors: Jose A Viscarra, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E Crocker, Rudy M. Ortiz
    Abstract:

    Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol and free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression and 5 0 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase and plasma glucose decreases in fasting seals suggesting that AMPK activity contributes to glucose regulation during insulin-resistant conditions. To address the hypothesis that AMPK activity increases during fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) on early (nZ5) and late (nZ8)-fasted seal pups and compared adipose tissue expression of insulin signaling proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg), and AMPK, in addition to plasma adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Fasting was associated with decreased glucose clearance, plasma insulin and adiponectin, and intracellular insulin signaling, as well as increased plasma cortisol and NEFAs, supporting the suggestion that seals develop insulin resistance late in the fast. The expression of Glut4 and VAMP2 increased (52 and 63% respectively) with fasting but did not change significantly during the GTT. PPARg and phosphorylated AMPK did not change in the early fasted seals, but increased significantly (73 and 50% respectively) in the late-fasted seals during the GTT. Increased AMPK activity along with the reduction in the activity of insulin-signaling proteins supports our hypothesis that AMPK activity is increased following the onset of insulin resistance. The association between increased AMPK activity and Glut4 expression suggests that AMPK plays a greater role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals adapted to prolonged fasting than in non-fasting mammals.

Toshio Nakatani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cold plasma on full thickness cutaneous wound accelerates healing through promoting inflammation re epithelialization and wound contraction
    Clinical Plasma Medicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yukari Nakajima, Kanae Mukai, Heni Setyowati Esti Rahayu, Muhammad Nur, Tatsuo Ishijima, Hiroshi Enomoto, Yoshihiko Uesugi, Junko Sugama, Toshio Nakatani
    Abstract:

    Abstract We investigated cold plasma effects on acute wounds of mice. The mice were classified into experimental and control groups. In the former, wounds were treated using cold plasma once daily for 1 min, and then covered with hydrocolloid dressing; wounds in the control were left to heal under hydrocolloid dressing. Daily evaluation was conducted for 15 days. General and specific staining was applied to evaluate re-epithelialization, neutrophil, macrophage, myofibroblast and transforming growth factor beta. It was found that cold plasma accelerated wound healing by 1 day. Plasma may promote the late phase of inflammation, accelerate re-epithelialization and increase wound contraction.

Shay Mcguinness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • overview of the study protocols and statistical analysis plan for the saline versus plasma lyte 148 for intravenous fluid therapy split research program
    Critical Care and Resuscitation, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sumeet K Reddy, Diane Mackle, Paul J Young, Richard Beasley, Shay Mcguinness, Colin Mcarthur, Seton J Henderson, Laurence Weinberg, Craig French, Neil Orford
    Abstract:

    Background 0.9% saline is the most commonly used intravenous (IV) fluid in the world but recent data raise the possibility that, compared with buffered crystalloid fluids such as Plasma-Lyte 148, the administration of 0.9% saline might increase the risk of developing acute kidney injury. Objective To provide an overview of the study protocols and statistical analysis plan for the six studies making up the (0.9% Saline v Plasma-Lyte 148 for Intravenous Fluid Therapy (SPLIT) research program. Methods The SPLIT study consists of six integrated clinical trials, including a double-blind, cluster, randomised, double-crossover study in intensive care unit patients, incorporating two nested studies within it; an open-label, before-and-after study in emergency department (ED) patients; a single-centre, double-blind, crossover trial in major surgical patients; and a randomised, double-blind study in ICU patients. All studies focus on biochemical and renal outcomes but will also provide preliminary data on patient-centred outcomes including inhospital mortality and requirements for dialysis. Results and conclusion The SPLIT study program will provide preliminary data on the comparative effectiveness of using 0.9% saline v Plasma-Lyte 148 for IV fluid therapy in ED, surgical and ICU patients.

  • a protocol for the 0 9 saline versus plasma lyte 148 for intensive care fluid therapy split study
    Critical Care and Resuscitation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sumeet K Reddy, John Myburgh, Rinaldo Bellomo, Diane Mackle, Richard Beasley, Colin Mcarthur, Seton J Henderson, Michael Bailey, Jan Mehrtens, Shay Mcguinness
    Abstract:

    Background: 0.9% saline is the most commonly used intravenous (IV) fluid in the world. However, recent data raise the possibility that, compared with buffered crystalloid fluids such as Plasma-Lyte 148, the administration of 0.9% saline to intensive care unit patients might increase their risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).