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Eric Masanet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elen B A V Pacheco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Jun Nakatani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Variability-based optimal design for robust Plastic Recycling systems
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jun Nakatani, Kiyoto Konno, Yuichi Moriguchi
    Abstract:

    The demand for recovered materials affects the profitability of the Recycling processes and at the same time is susceptible to changes in external factors such as resource prices. Therefore, variability of such external parameters should be considered, when designing a Recycling system. In this study, we develop a framework for the variability-based optimal design of Plastic Recycling for constructing a robust Recycling system over external changes in the market such as fluctuations of material prices. The subject of this study is a sorting facility of post-consumer Plastics equipped with automated sorting machines. The gross operating profit (GOP) is formulated based on a process model of the Plastic sorting facility, internal and external parameters such as recovery ratios and sales prices of recovered Plastics by resin type. By combining integer programming and Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain the potential optimal solutions that can maximize the GOP depending on the variability of Plastics sales prices and their correlations between resin types, which are estimated based on the statistics for the interval between 2007 and 2011. Distributions of the optimal solutions and variability of the GOP are visualized according to the import price of naphtha for supporting decision-makers to determine resin types that should be recovered. Based on the results, we recommend the solution where polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are recovered. Moreover, the recommended solution is validated with the observed sales prices of Plastics by resin type between 2012 and 2014.

  • Multicriteria Design of Plastic Recycling Based on Quality Information and Environmental Impacts
    Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Nakatani, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    In this study, we develop a framework for the multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling based on quality information and environmental impacts for the purpose of supporting collaborative decision making among consumers, municipalities, and recyclers. The subject of this article is the mechanical Recycling of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. We present a "quality conversion matrix", which links the quality of recycled PET resin to the quality of waste PET bottles and operational conditions, described in terms of the functions of modules constituting the entire Recycling process. We estimate the quality of recycled PET resin and simulate the applicability to the intended products as the primary criterion by confirming whether the estimated quality of recycled resin satisfies the quality demands of PET resin users. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and fossil resource consumption are also estimated as the secondary criteria. An approach to collaborative decision making utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and Monte Carlo simulation is proposed on the premise of different objectives of various stakeholders, where all the feasible optimal solutions for achieving the quality demands are obtained. The quality requirements of waste bottles, along with the CO emissions and fossil resource consumption estimated for each solution, contribute to the collaborative multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling.

  • Multicriteria Design of Plastic Recycling Based on Quality Information and Environmental Impacts
    Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Nakatani, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    In this study, we develop a framework for the multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling based on quality information and environmental impacts for the purpose of supporting collaborative decision making among consumers, municipalities, and recyclers. The subject of this article is the mechanical Recycling of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. We present a "quality conversion matrix," which links the quality of recycled PET resin to the quality of waste PET bottles and operational conditions, described in terms of the functions of modules constituting the entire Recycling process. We estimate the quality of recycled PET resin and simulate the applicability to the intended products as the primary criterion by confirming whether the estimated quality of recycled resin satisfies the quality demands of PET resin users. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fossil resource consumption are also estimated as the secondary criteria. An approach to collaborative decision making utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and Monte Carlo simulation is proposed on the premise of different objectives of various stakeholders, where all the feasible optimal solutions for achieving the quality demands are obtained. The quality requirements of waste bottles, along with the CO2 emissions and fossil resource consumption estimated for each solution, contribute to the collaborative multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling. © 2011 by Yale University.

  • Decision Support for Plastics Recycling System Design Based on Individual Fossil Resource Consumption
    KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kazuya Mayumi, Jun Nakatani, Yasunori Kikuchi, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    Plastic Recycling system is designed by various stakeholders, such as consumers and Recycling manufactures. The effect of Plastic Recycling depends on conditions on recycle technology, collection, transportation, and the intended products to be substituted by Plastic Recycling. Therefore, the relationship between the conditions and effects needs to be analyzed in order to design an appropriate Recycling system. In this research, we analyzed the relationships between Plastic Recycling conditions and effects such as the consumption of fossil resources and CO2 emission toward appropriate Japanese Plastic Recycling system. An analytic tool utilizing optimization technique was constructed to evaluate and generate Plastic Recycling scenarios. By this tool, the reduction effect of the consumption of naphtha, fuel oil, coal, and natural gas can be evaluated with the reduction of CO2 emission through Plastic Recycling. The system can analyze the optimal distribution scenario of Plastic wastes on such reduction effect of fossil resource consumption under specific weighting factors to each resource by linear programming. Based on this analysis, it was demonstrated that 286 sets of weighting factors generated independent 135 candidates. Defining a constraint on the reduction effects of CO2 emission and naphtha consumption, effective candidates can be selected. If the constraint is that the reduction effects should be higher than 50% of their potentials, 28 scenarios are selected. The constructed system makes it possible to support the design of Plastic Recycling system from the viewpoints of reducing environmental load including fossil resource consumption. © 2010 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan.

Luiza M. Ronchetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro.

  • An overview of Plastic Recycling in Rio de Janeiro
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elen B A V Pacheco, Luiza M. Ronchetti, Eric Masanet
    Abstract:

    The Recycling of Plastic is carried out under serious constraints in Brazil, the main ones being the lack of both fiscal incentives and selective garbage separation (curbside collection). These difficulties were investigated in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the large Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is located. The ways of disposition and Recycling pointed out at Rio de Janeiro can be used as a base of information for other Brazilian cities. The objective is to show how the Plastic Recycling is been carried out to indicate its own difficulty. Besides this studied subject, it was evaluated the current capacity for the Recycling of post-consumed Plastic. The study was based on field research with visits to Plastic recyclers, dealers, Recycling cooperatives sorting plants, selective garbage programs and urban waste dumps. The Plastic Recycling capacity of the Recycling companies located in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, which were studied, corresponded to 8% in 2003 and 16% in 2007 of all the Plastic deposited in the main dump of Rio de Janeiro City. Most materials which are recycled come from dumps or controlled dumps, where garbage pickers collect them and send them, mainly, to dealers. The dealers then take the postconsumer Plastic to Recycling industry, where this material is usually transformed into artifacts with low aggregated value. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyolefins are the Plastics most recycled in Rio de Janeiro. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Masahiko Hirao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Multicriteria Design of Plastic Recycling Based on Quality Information and Environmental Impacts
    Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Nakatani, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    In this study, we develop a framework for the multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling based on quality information and environmental impacts for the purpose of supporting collaborative decision making among consumers, municipalities, and recyclers. The subject of this article is the mechanical Recycling of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. We present a "quality conversion matrix", which links the quality of recycled PET resin to the quality of waste PET bottles and operational conditions, described in terms of the functions of modules constituting the entire Recycling process. We estimate the quality of recycled PET resin and simulate the applicability to the intended products as the primary criterion by confirming whether the estimated quality of recycled resin satisfies the quality demands of PET resin users. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and fossil resource consumption are also estimated as the secondary criteria. An approach to collaborative decision making utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and Monte Carlo simulation is proposed on the premise of different objectives of various stakeholders, where all the feasible optimal solutions for achieving the quality demands are obtained. The quality requirements of waste bottles, along with the CO emissions and fossil resource consumption estimated for each solution, contribute to the collaborative multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling.

  • Multicriteria Design of Plastic Recycling Based on Quality Information and Environmental Impacts
    Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Nakatani, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    In this study, we develop a framework for the multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling based on quality information and environmental impacts for the purpose of supporting collaborative decision making among consumers, municipalities, and recyclers. The subject of this article is the mechanical Recycling of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. We present a "quality conversion matrix," which links the quality of recycled PET resin to the quality of waste PET bottles and operational conditions, described in terms of the functions of modules constituting the entire Recycling process. We estimate the quality of recycled PET resin and simulate the applicability to the intended products as the primary criterion by confirming whether the estimated quality of recycled resin satisfies the quality demands of PET resin users. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fossil resource consumption are also estimated as the secondary criteria. An approach to collaborative decision making utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and Monte Carlo simulation is proposed on the premise of different objectives of various stakeholders, where all the feasible optimal solutions for achieving the quality demands are obtained. The quality requirements of waste bottles, along with the CO2 emissions and fossil resource consumption estimated for each solution, contribute to the collaborative multicriteria design of Plastic Recycling. © 2011 by Yale University.

  • Decision Support for Plastics Recycling System Design Based on Individual Fossil Resource Consumption
    KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kazuya Mayumi, Jun Nakatani, Yasunori Kikuchi, Masahiko Hirao
    Abstract:

    Plastic Recycling system is designed by various stakeholders, such as consumers and Recycling manufactures. The effect of Plastic Recycling depends on conditions on recycle technology, collection, transportation, and the intended products to be substituted by Plastic Recycling. Therefore, the relationship between the conditions and effects needs to be analyzed in order to design an appropriate Recycling system. In this research, we analyzed the relationships between Plastic Recycling conditions and effects such as the consumption of fossil resources and CO2 emission toward appropriate Japanese Plastic Recycling system. An analytic tool utilizing optimization technique was constructed to evaluate and generate Plastic Recycling scenarios. By this tool, the reduction effect of the consumption of naphtha, fuel oil, coal, and natural gas can be evaluated with the reduction of CO2 emission through Plastic Recycling. The system can analyze the optimal distribution scenario of Plastic wastes on such reduction effect of fossil resource consumption under specific weighting factors to each resource by linear programming. Based on this analysis, it was demonstrated that 286 sets of weighting factors generated independent 135 candidates. Defining a constraint on the reduction effects of CO2 emission and naphtha consumption, effective candidates can be selected. If the constraint is that the reduction effects should be higher than 50% of their potentials, 28 scenarios are selected. The constructed system makes it possible to support the design of Plastic Recycling system from the viewpoints of reducing environmental load including fossil resource consumption. © 2010 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan.