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Jinyuarn Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppressive effects of lotus Plumule nelumbo nucifera geartn supplementation on lps induced systemic inflammation in a balb c mouse model
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2020Co-Authors: Jinyuarn Lin, Chienjung Liu, Yingshu LaiAbstract:To determine the prophylactic effects of lotus Plumule (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.) supplementation in vivo on acute systemic inflammation, the mediators secreted in serum and by cultured peritoneal macrophages from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice were measured. The female BALB/c mice were continuously supplemented with lotus Plumule for 3 weeks and then administrated with an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) LPS injection at a concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) to induce acute systemic inflammation. After 24 hours of LPS injection, the mice were sacrificed to determine the inflammatory mediators. The results showed that high dose supplementation (20 mg/day/mouse) with lotus Plumule significantly (P ＜ 0.05) decreased the proinflammatory cytokine of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in the serum of LPS-challenged mice. Simultaneously, supplementation with lotus Plumule significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 produced by peritoneal macrophages from LPS-challenged mice. The results indicated that lotus Plumule supplementation significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. It can be concluded that lotus Plumule supplementation before systemic inflammation attenuates the acute inflammation status in vivo.
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purified active lotus Plumule nelumbo nucifera gaertn polysaccharides exert anti inflammatory activity through decreasing toll like receptor 2 and 4 expressions using mouse primary splenocytes
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Chunhuei Liao, Jinyuarn LinAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological significance Lotus Plumule is widely used as traditional Chinese medicine. Among the active components in lotus Plumule, polysaccharides exhibit promising potential for its potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of purified polysaccharides from lotus Plumule remains unknown. To evaluate their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms of purified polysaccharides in lotus Plumule, two active lotus Plumule polysaccharides, fractions F1 and F2, were subjected to assay their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms using murine primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Two purified active lotus Plumule polysaccharides, F1 and F2, were cultured independently with murine primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of LPS under four different experiment models in vitro . Changes in pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines secreted by the treated splenocytes were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 mRNA expression levels in the cells were quantitated using a two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results The results showed that F1 and F2 treatments alone, particularly F2, significantly ( P Conclusions The present study proved that F1 and F2 had strong anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 expressions in the splenocytes in normal, inflammatory and repair situations. Our results further suggest that F2, which is a glycoprotein with low molecular weight of 25.7 kDa, may serve as a promising lead for the development of selective TLR antagonistic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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characterisation of the chemical composition and in vitro anti inflammation assessment of a novel lotus nelumbo nucifera gaertn Plumule polysaccharide
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Chunhuei Liao, Sujen Guo, Jinyuarn LinAbstract:Lotus Plumule has been recognised as an anti-inflammatory agent. A novel lotus Plumule polysaccharide (LPPS) was prepared, characterised and cultured with splenocytes from non-obese diabetes (NOD) and BALB/c mice (as a control) to further evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects in this study. The results showed the molecular weights of LPPS respectively distributed at 391 kDa (89.8 ± 0.5%) and 5 kDa (10.1 ± 1.5%) using HPLC analysis. The neutral sugar composition in LPPS comprised xylose (33.4 ± 10.0%), glucose (25.7 ± 1.6%), fructose (22.0 ± 15.0%), galactose (10.5 ± 3.3%), and fucose (8.1 ± 3.5%). LPPS administrations at appropriate concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) increased interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretions by splenocytes from both NOD and BALB/c mice at ages of 15, 22 and 26 weeks, respectively. However, LPPS administrations markedly (P < 0.05) increased secretion ratios of anti-/pro-inflammatory (IL-10/IL-6) cytokines by splenocytes. The present study suggests that LPPS may have potential to treat type 1 diabetes via its potent anti-inflammatory activity.
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effects of lotus Plumule supplementation before and following systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide on the splenocyte responses of balb c mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007Co-Authors: Jinyuarn Lin, Yingshu Lai, Chienjung LiuAbstract:To determine whether lotus Plumule supplementation alleviates acute systemic inflammation in vivo, the BALB/c mice were continuously supplemented with lotus Plumule for 3 weeks, following administration with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 10mg/kg body weight (BW) to induce acute systemic inflammation. At 24h after injection of LPS, the mice were sacrificed and the visceral organ weight and splenocyte responses were measured. The results showed that lotus Plumule supplementation did not significantly affect body weights and IL-6 secretion of splenocyte cultures from BALB/c mice. LPS challenge significantly increased the relative organ weights of the lungs, liver, and spleen, however low dose supplementation (40 mg/kg BW/day) with lotus Plumule significantly decreased the relative organ weights of the inflammatory liver, spleen and kidney. Low dose supplementation with lotus Plumule significantly increased IL-10 production of splenocyte cultures, however high dose supplementation (800 mg/kg BW/day) significantly decreased IL-10 production. These results suggest that low dose and 3-week supplementation of lotus Plumule might alleviate acute systemic inflammation in vivo via decreasing the visceral organ inflammation and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from splenocytes. These results are valuable for developing future nutraceuticals and anti-inflammatory agents from traditional medicinal foods.
Carlos Oropeza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protocol for the Micropropagation of Coconut from Plumule Explants.
Methods of Molecular Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Luis Sáenz, Maria Narvaez, José Luis Chan, Carlos OropezaAbstract:: Coconut is a crop that is economically important in several countries throughout the world. Unfortunately, production is decreasing because palms are affected by very serious phytoplasma diseases, such as lethal yellowing, and also most of coconuts are already very old. On the other hand, markets for coconut products have been rapidly growing in recent years. Hence, replanting of most cultivation surface worldwide, as well as establishing new surface, is urgently needed. This is an immense task, requiring at least a billion coconut palms that cannot be accomplished by traditional propagation through seed. Therefore the biotechnological alternative of micropropagation by somatic embryogenesis is needed. Research has been carried out on this subject in laboratories in several countries studying different approaches, testing different types of explants. The most responsive tissue has been Plumule from zygotic embryos. A protocol for micropropagation of coconut based on Plumule explants is described here. It involves the use of different media that are based on Y3 medium complemented with activated charcoal, gelling agent, sucrose, and growth regulators. These media allow the formation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, growth of shoots, and development of plantlets.
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coconut micropropagation in mexico using Plumule and floral explants
CORD, 2016Co-Authors: Carlos OropezaAbstract:This paper focuses on the research efforts carried out by CICY in Mexico on micropropagation of coconut. They started during the nineties in collaboration with Wye College (UK) and ORSTOM-CIRAD (France), with the development of a protocol that was reproducible and more efficient than previous ones, based on Plumule explants grown in different media based on Y3 medium added with activated charcoal, gelling agent and of particular importance growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Within the next decade basic research was carried out to study the process of somatic embryogenesis from Plumule explants, with an approach including morpho-histological, physiological, biochemical and molecular points of view, in order to gain knowledge that could be useful to further improvement of the process. Also different practical approaches were tested including changes in the media formulation, embryogenic callus multiplication and secondary somatic embryogenesis. As a result a highly efficient protocol was developed that could potentially yield over a hundred thousand somatic embryos from a single Plumule explant. Embryos were able to germinate and convert to plantlets, that after planting, successfully grew to sexual maturity and fruit production. This protocol is currently being scaled up to a semi-commercial level. Also within the past five years, a protocol using rachilla explants has been developed for the production of embryogenic callus and its multiplication, and embryos produced were able to germinate and convert to plantlets, setting the basis to develop a process for massive propagation of coconut, such as the one already developed using Plumule explants.
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morphological and histological changes during somatic embryo formation from coconut Plumule explants
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 2006Co-Authors: Luis Sáenz, José Luis Chan, J.l. Verdeil, Alfonso Azpeitia, B Chucarmendariz, Valerie Hocher, Carlos OropezaAbstract:Studies on the development of protocols for the clonal propagation, through somatic embryogenesis, of coconut have been reported for the past three decades, mostly using inflorescence explants, but with low reproducibility and efficiency. Recent improvements in these respects have been achieved using plumular explants. Here, we report a developmental study of embryogenesis in Plumule explants using histological techniques in order to extend our understanding of this process. Coconut Plumule explants consisted of the shoot meristem including leaf primordia. At day 15 of culture, the explants did not show any apparent growth; however, a transverse section showed noticeable growth of the plumular leaves forming a ring around the inner leaves and the shoot meristem, which did not show any apparent growth. At day 30, the shoot meristem started to grow and the plumular leaves continued growing. At day 45, the explants were still compact and white in color, but showed partial dedifferentiation and meristematic cell proliferation leading to the development of callus structures with a translucent appearance. After 60 d, these meristematic cells evolved into nodular structures. At day 75, the nodular structures became pearly globular structures on the surface of translucent structures, from which somatic embryos eventually formed and presented well-developed root and caulinar meristems. These results allow better insights and an integrated view into the somatic embryogenesis process in coconut Plumule explants, which could be helpful for future studies that eventually could lead us to improved control of the process and greater efficiency of somatic embryo and plantlet formation.
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effect of 22 s 23 s homobrassinolide on somatic embryogenesis in Plumule explants of cocos nucifera l cultured in vitro
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2003Co-Authors: A Azpeitia, J. L. Chan, Luis Sáenz, Carlos OropezaAbstract:SummaryThe increasing demand for coconut palms resistant to diseases requires massive multiplication of improved or selected palms. This could be achieved through micropropagation. A reproducible regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis from Plumule explants has already been reported, but its efficiency is still low. The protocol is based on the use of an auxin to induce embryogenic callus. Since brassinosteroids are known to act synergistically with auxins and might be involved in the control of plant embryogenesis, the effect of the brassinosteroid 22(S),23(S)-homobrassinolide on initial callus, embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation in coconut Plumule explants was tested. The explants were exposed (during a 3 or 7 d pre-culture) to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 2 and 4 μM) of the brassinosteroid. The explants responded favourably to the brassinosteroid increasing their capacity to form initial callus, embryogenic callus and somatic embryos. The largest amount of somatic embryo...
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regeneration of coconut cocos nucifera l from Plumule explants through somatic embryogenesis
Plant Cell Reports, 1998Co-Authors: J. L. Chan, Luis Sáenz, C Talavera, R Hornung, M Robert, Carlos OropezaAbstract:A protocol was developed for coconut regeneration using Plumules from mature zygotic embryos as explants, and media with the synthetic growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Evidence for the regeneration process from these tissues occurring through somatic embryogenesis is presented. The somatic embryos were capable of germination, subsequent development into plantlets and successful transfer to the nursery. The yields were larger, nearly twofold for calli and over tenfold for calli bearing somatic embryos, than those previously reported with inflorescence explants. The present protocol thus represents an improvement in time and yield over previous protocols. Even though Plumule explants are not the ideal tissue source due to possible genetic heterogeneity, the improvements made here may be applicable to tissues from mature plants. In addition, micropropagation of coconut using Plumules is potentially useful when they are obtained from fruit produced from selected parents of outstanding performance, such as those resistant to diseases.
Chunhuei Liao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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purified active lotus Plumule nelumbo nucifera gaertn polysaccharides exert anti inflammatory activity through decreasing toll like receptor 2 and 4 expressions using mouse primary splenocytes
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Chunhuei Liao, Jinyuarn LinAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological significance Lotus Plumule is widely used as traditional Chinese medicine. Among the active components in lotus Plumule, polysaccharides exhibit promising potential for its potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of purified polysaccharides from lotus Plumule remains unknown. To evaluate their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms of purified polysaccharides in lotus Plumule, two active lotus Plumule polysaccharides, fractions F1 and F2, were subjected to assay their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms using murine primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Two purified active lotus Plumule polysaccharides, F1 and F2, were cultured independently with murine primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of LPS under four different experiment models in vitro . Changes in pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines secreted by the treated splenocytes were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 mRNA expression levels in the cells were quantitated using a two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results The results showed that F1 and F2 treatments alone, particularly F2, significantly ( P Conclusions The present study proved that F1 and F2 had strong anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 expressions in the splenocytes in normal, inflammatory and repair situations. Our results further suggest that F2, which is a glycoprotein with low molecular weight of 25.7 kDa, may serve as a promising lead for the development of selective TLR antagonistic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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characterisation of the chemical composition and in vitro anti inflammation assessment of a novel lotus nelumbo nucifera gaertn Plumule polysaccharide
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Chunhuei Liao, Sujen Guo, Jinyuarn LinAbstract:Lotus Plumule has been recognised as an anti-inflammatory agent. A novel lotus Plumule polysaccharide (LPPS) was prepared, characterised and cultured with splenocytes from non-obese diabetes (NOD) and BALB/c mice (as a control) to further evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects in this study. The results showed the molecular weights of LPPS respectively distributed at 391 kDa (89.8 ± 0.5%) and 5 kDa (10.1 ± 1.5%) using HPLC analysis. The neutral sugar composition in LPPS comprised xylose (33.4 ± 10.0%), glucose (25.7 ± 1.6%), fructose (22.0 ± 15.0%), galactose (10.5 ± 3.3%), and fucose (8.1 ± 3.5%). LPPS administrations at appropriate concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) increased interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretions by splenocytes from both NOD and BALB/c mice at ages of 15, 22 and 26 weeks, respectively. However, LPPS administrations markedly (P < 0.05) increased secretion ratios of anti-/pro-inflammatory (IL-10/IL-6) cytokines by splenocytes. The present study suggests that LPPS may have potential to treat type 1 diabetes via its potent anti-inflammatory activity.
Zheng Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the chemical composition of lotus Plumule oil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Guolong Yang, Genwang Zhang, Zheng GuoAbstract:Characterizations of lotus Plumule and Plumule oil, focusing on approximate composition analysis of lotus Plumule powder and fatty acid composition, lipid classes, triglyceride (TG) profiles, and sterol analysis of the Plumule oil, were conducted in this work. The results revealed that the lotus Plumule constitutes 7.8% moisture, 4.2% ash, and 12.5% crude oil and 26.3% protein on the dry base. Lotus Plumule oil is rich in linoleic acid (50.4%) and oleic acid (13.5%), and the dominating saturated fatty acids are palmitic acid (18.0%) and behenic acid (6.8%). The principal components of TG in lotus Plumule oil are LLL (12.80%), beta-PLL (11.27%), beta-POL (8.28%), beta-PLO (8.58%), and beta-BeLL (8.32%). Lipid class assay of the crude oil gave the saponification value of 153.4 KOH mg/g and tocopherol content 390 mg/100 g. A distinct characteristic of lotus Plumule oil is that its unsaponifiable matter is incredibly high, up to 14-19%, which consists mainly of beta-sitosterol (32%), Delta(5)-avenasterol (20%), and campesterol (6.3%). The major occurring form of sterols was found to be steryl ester. This work might be useful to develop innovative applications of lotus Plumule oil.
Meichich Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential risk of higenamine misuse in sports evaluation of lotus Plumule extract products and a human study
Nutrients, 2020Co-Authors: Ching Chi Yen, Chun Wei Tung, Chihwei Chang, Chin Chuan Tsai, Meichich HsuAbstract:Since 2017, higenamine has been added to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list as a β2-agonist prohibited at all times for sportspersons. According to WADA’s report, positive cases of higenamine misuse have been increasing yearly. However, higenamine occurs naturally in the Chinese herb lotus Plumule—the green embryo of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seeds—commercially available as concentrated powder on the Asian market. This study evaluated the major phytochemical components of lotus Plumule products using an appropriate extraction method, followed by a human study in which the products were orally administered in multiple doses to investigate the risk of doping violations. Comparing various extraction methods revealed that optimized microwave-assisted extraction exhibited the highest extraction efficiency (extraction time, 26 min; power, 1046 W; and temperature, 120 °C). Subsequently, the alkaloids in lotus Plumule products were quantitatively confirmed and compared. Human study participants (n = 6) consumed 0.8 g of lotus Plumule (equivalent to 679.6 μg of higenamine) three times daily for three consecutive days. All participants’ urinary higenamine concentrations exceeded the WADA reporting cut-off of 10.0 ng/mL. Accordingly, lotus Plumule consumption may engender adverse analytical findings regarding higenamine. Athletes should avoid consuming lotus Plumule-containing products during in- and out-of-competition periods.