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Youfa Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a 3 year longitudinal study of Pocket Money eating behavior weight status the childhood obesity study in china mega cities
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Zeping Fang, Hong Xue, Yaling Zhao, Liwang Gao, Youfa WangAbstract:The associations between children's Pocket Money and their eating behaviors and weight status have not been examined using longitudinal data in China. Examined child and parental factors associated with children's Pocket Money, and longitudinal effects of Pocket Money on children's eating behaviors and weight status. Data were collected in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from 3261 school-age children and their parents in mega-cities across China (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chengdu). Children's weight, height, and waist circumference were measured; Pocket Money and eating behaviors were self-reported. Mixed effect models were used. Older children received more Pocket Money than younger children (incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.26). Fathers gave their children more Pocket Money than mothers did (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.30). Children with fathers having ≥ college education received more Pocket Money than the others did (IRR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.40). Some nutrition-related parenting behaviors and attitude were also associated with children's Pocket Money. Compared with children receiving no weekly Pocket Money, those having 1-10 or 10-30 or >30-yuan weekly Pocket Money were 12.0-136% more likely to consume unhealthy foods and were 66-132% more likely to be overweight or obese. Some child and parental factors were associated with children's Pocket Money, which increased risks of having unhealthy eating behaviors and being overweight and obese.
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Pocket Money eating behaviors and weight status among chinese children the childhood obesity study in china mega cities
Preventive Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Hong Xue, Peng Jia, Yaling Zhao, Zhiyong Wang, Youfa WangAbstract:Both the obesity rate and Pocket Money are rising among children in China. This study examined family correlates of children's Pocket Money, associations of Pocket Money with eating behaviors and weight status, and how the associations may be modified by schools' unhealthy food restrictions in urban China. Data were collected in 2015 from 1648 students in 16 primary and middle schools in four mega-cities in China (4 schools/city): Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Xi'an. Cluster robust negative binomial regression models were fit to assess family correlates of Pocket Money, associations of Pocket Money with child eating behaviors and weight outcomes, and possible modifying effects of schools' unhealthy food restrictions. Sixty-nine percent of students received Pocket Money weekly. Students received more Pocket Money if mothers frequently ate out of home (IRR = 2.28 [1.76, 2.94]) and/or family rarely had dinner together (IRR = 1.42, 95% = [1.01, 1.99]). Students got less Pocket Money if parents were concerned about child's future health due to unhealthy eating (IRR = 0.56 [0.32,0.98]). Students with more Pocket Money more frequently consumed (by 25–89%) sugary beverages, snacks, fast food, or at street food stalls, and were 45–90% more likely to be overweight/obese. Associations of Pocket Money with unhealthy eating and overweight/obesity were weaker in schools with unhealthy food restrictions. Pocket Money is a risk factor for unhealthy eating and obesity in urban China. School policies may buffer Pocket Money's negative influence on students' eating and weight status.
Annemarie Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gp169 the Pocket Money study
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2019Co-Authors: Katie Flinn, E Healy, Aisling Oriordan, Eoin Fitzgerald, Cillian Lineen, Clodagh S Ogorman, Annemarie MurphyAbstract:Background and aims Pocket-Money is generally accepted to be a means for parents to introduce concepts of self-management, saving, budgeting and responsibility for their children. Much of the available published research focuses on the philosophical and sociological impact of Pocket-Money on the child’s autonomy and on the dialogue between the parents’ value systems or work ethic and how they confer this on their children. Previous research has found that Pocket-Money is a simple way of preparing children for the future and creating more financially literate adults.1 From a paediatric-research viewpoint, Pocket-Money is considered a minor variable to be assessed when examining the broader picture of children’s negative health habits. There is a dearth of information available worldwide in either the medical literature or contemporary media on the amount children receive as Pocket-Money, how they spend it, how they should spend it and the consequences of the above. Our objective was to investigate the practices of a cohort of modern-day parents in Ireland regarding the administration of Pocket-Money to their children in terms of ethos, amount, frequency and supervision. We also explore the potential contribution a ‘Pocket Money culture’ makes to today’s societal problems – obesity-pandemic, addiction-culture and materialism. Methods A specifically designed questionnaire was administered to a random selection of 50 parents of children (≤18 years of age), attending our institution during August and September 2018. Data was compiled and analysed using Excel and SPSS. Results A total of 50 questionnaires pertaining to 116 children (61 boys, 55 girls), were collected (4 fathers, 45 mothers, 1 grandmother). Only 19 guardians gave their children regular Pocket Money. Reasons cited were overall cost of living and a sense of already providing what is needed. Conclusion To our knowledge it is the first study of its kind in Ireland. Further studies are needed to review changing mores with regard to Pocket-Money that may have arisen as result of the recession and the potential impact of this on parenting and childhood in Ireland. References Sansone D, Rossi M, Fornero E. ‘Four Bright Coins Shining at Me’: Financial Education in Childhood, Financial Confidence in Adulthood. Journal of Consumer Affairs [Internet] 2018;. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joca.12207
Youngjin Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of school tuck shop and desire for healthy tuck shop among high school students in daejeon metropolitan city according to snack frequency
Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Yeonjeong Kim, Yoonsuk Suh, Youngjin ChungAbstract:This study aims to investigate the usage of school tuck-shops by students and the desire for healthy tuck-shop according to the frequency of snack. From April 4 to April 13, 2012, a survey was conducted on 348 2nd grade high school students from six high schools in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The snack frequency in school tuck-shops was divided into 3 groups: 2 times a week or less(lower snack group), 3~4 times a week(middle snack group), 5 times a week and above(upper snack group). Out of total subjects, lower snack group was 41.4%, middle snack group 21.8% and upper snack group 36.8%. The upper snack group showed more in male students and more in the students with monthly Pocket Money more than 50,000 won and more expense per snack. The main reason for taking snacks was hunger at approximate 70% of total subjects, however, no difference was found in reasons by frequency of snack. About 90% of total subjects wanted healthy tuck-shop in school, but upper snack group showed less percentage and less care for healthy snacks. This result suggests that under the circumstance that most of high school students take snacks for relieving themselves from hunger at schools, it is desired to run healthy school tuck-shops in Daejeon Metropolitan, dealing with healthy snacks of balanced nutrition at resonable prices and to implement nutrition education programs especially for high frequent snack takers.
Adrian Furnham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parent s beliefs and behaviours about the economic socialisation through allowances Pocket Money of their children
Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Adrian Furnham, Rebecca MilnerAbstract:This study aimed to examine the content, structure and correlates of parent’s beliefs about how to educate their children about Money and economic behaviour. 512 participants completed a questionnaire comprised of two scales assessing various beliefs and behaviours which was based on popular books on the topic. A principal component analysis was conducted on both questionnaire measures, yielding five interpretable factors from each scale. Regressions suggested that gender as well as religious and political orientation were key determinants of attitudes towards Pocket Money.
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parental attitudes towards Pocket Money trait competitiveness and occupational stress
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Bruce Kirkcaldy, Adrian Furnham, Terence MartinAbstract:Several hundred German parents completed a questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards Pocket Money and economic socialisation. In addition trait competitiveness and occupational stress were measured. Demographic variables were less predictive of competitiveness compared to psychological/attitudinal factors. The more competitive oriented parents displayed a distinct monetary attitude profile: they were less liberal, more structured and budget‐oriented. They used Money significantly more as a reinforcer for educational purposes, e.g. educational or scholarly success, and as an instrument to teach autonomy. Subjectively perceived occupational stress was determined by diverse socio‐demographic variables, although the stress‐demographic relationship was moderated by gender. Older fathers and men from a poor social‐economic background (as children) tended to show greater job‐related stress. Conversely, mothers from “superior” SES, with more siblings, and fewer children of their own, reported more occupational stress.
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parental attitudes to Pocket Money allowances for children
Journal of Economic Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Abstract Three hundred British parents completed a long questionnaire on their attitudes to, and behaviour concerning, Pocket-Money allowances for their children. This study focused, through multiple regressions, on the demographic and psychographic predictors of specific attitudes. As has been established in previous studies, results indicated that most parents (88.4%) were in favour of Pocket-Money schemes; they should begin around 6 years-old (6.65 yrs); there is a near-linear relationship between child's age and amount received; that saving should be encouraged but that borrowing and lending from other children discouraged. They clearly approved of the establishment of clear rules around Pocket Money (when received, what to do when it ran out). Attitude statements were factor analysed to produce clear interpretable factors. These factor scores plus the answers to specific questions served as the dependent variable in a series of regressions which has four sets of independent variables pertaining to individual participants: demographic variables (sex, age, education, income); beliefs (religious and political); “Money-pathology” score; and a measure of “Money smarts” (parental allowance style) that assessed appropriate Money-related behaviours. Political beliefs, parental “Money pathology” and “Money smarts” (which is a measure of parental authority with respect to allowances) were related to attitudes to child socialisation rather than actual (self-reported) behaviours. Results are discussed in terms of parental socialisation styles.
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economic socialization a study of adults perceptions and uses of allowances Pocket Money to educate children
British Journal of Development Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Four hundred British adults completed a questionnaire concerning their attitudes towards, and behaviour concerning, allowances (Pocket Money) to children and adolescents. Two questions are addressed: the relationship between various beliefs about the use of Pocket Money, and the extent to which viewpoints are widely shared or vary with parental demography. Most parents (91%) were in favour of starting some weekly-based system by 6 years old, with the amount of Money increasing in an S shape over time. The greatest increase was found to occur between 7 and 10 years, and the least between 15 and 18 years. Around three-quarters of the sample believed that allowances should be given weekly, and that children should be encouraged to save and take on a part-time job. They strongly endorsed attitudinal items that suggested parents and children contract the rules under which the children receive monies. There were clear age, but relatively few sex and class differences in beliefs about allowances. Parents had consistent ideas about rules and responsibilities associated with the allowance system they established, and how it educated their children into the world of Money. The results are discussed in terms of the limited data on parental economic socialization of their children.
Dike Van De Mheen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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children s snack consumption role of parents peers and child snack purchasing behaviour results from the inpact study
European Journal of Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Wilke Jc Van Ansem, Dike Van De Mheen, Carola T M Schrijvers, Gerda RodenburgAbstract:Background: Parents and peers are both likely to influence children’s dietary behaviour. However, their actual influence may depend on the age and life stage of the individual child. Therefore, this study examined the influence of parents (home snack availability and consumption rules) and peers on 11-year-old children’s snack consumption, and whether these associations were mediated by children’s snack-purchasing behaviour. It was hypothesized that children are more likely to buy unhealthy snacks if these are not always available at home, if restrictive rules apply to their consumption and if a child is sensitive to peer influence. It was also assumed that children who buy snacks out of their Pocket Money would consume more snacks. Methods: Data were taken from 1203 parent–child dyads who completed a questionnaire in the INPACT study (IVO Physical Activity Child cohorT). Multivariable regression models were used to (i) analyze associations between children’s consumption and parents’ and peers’ influence and (ii) determine whether these associations were mediated by children’s snack-purchasing behaviour. Results: Of the parental factors, home availability of snacks was associated with higher snack consumption ( B = 1.03, P < 0.05). Parental factors and children’s snack-purchasing behaviour were not associated. Children who were sensitive to peer influence consumed more snacks ( B = 3ċ07, P < 0.01) and bought more snacks out of their Pocket Money (odds ratio 3.27, P < 0.0.01). Children’s snack-purchasing behaviour explained part (8.6%) of the association between peer influence and children’s snack consumption. Conclusion: As these findings indicate that both parents and peers influence children’s snack consumption, health promotion may benefit from targeting the broader social environment.
