The Experts below are selected from a list of 55713 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Herwig Kogelnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emulation and inversion of Polarization Mode dispersion
2003 Digest of LEOS Summer Topical Meeting (Cat. No.03TH8701), 2003Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, L.e. Nelson, J P GordonAbstract:Elements of higher-order differential dispersion represent pure higher-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD). They can be applied to the inversion of PMD vector data to determine the fiber pulse's response, and to PMD emulation and compensation.
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on the bandwidth of higher order Polarization Mode dispersion the taylor series expansion
Optics Express, 2003Co-Authors: Hong Chen, Robert Meachem Jopson, Herwig KogelnikAbstract:The bandwidth limitations of Poole’s higher-order Polarization-Mode dispersion (PMD) interpretation are examined. Correlations and errors related to the truncation of the PMD Taylor series are determined by analysis and simulation. As the PMD order increases, the effective bandwidth of the Poole representation is found to grow slowly beyond the bandwidth of the principal state applicable to first-order PMD.
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emulation and inversion of Polarization Mode dispersion
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, L.e. Nelson, J P GordonAbstract:When a fiber is characterized by measured Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) vector data, inversion of these data is required to determine the frequency dependence of the fiber's Jones matrix and, thereby, its pulse response. This tutorial reviews the principal concepts and theory employed in approaches to PMD inversion and in the closely related emulation of PMD. We discuss three second-order emulator Models and the distinction between the PMD vectors and the eigenvectors of the fiber's Jones matrix. We extend emulation and inversion to fourth-order and sixth-order PMD using higher order concatenation rules, rotations of higher power designating higher rates of acceleration with frequency, and representation of these rotations by Stokes' vectors.
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Polarization Mode dispersion
Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B (Fourth Edition), 2002Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, Robert Meachem Jopson, L.e. NelsonAbstract:Publisher Summary Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) is a linear effect that can be compensated in principle. In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber, the two orthogonally polarized Modes have the same group delay. However, in reality, fibers exhibit a certain amount of birefringence because of imperfections in the manufacturing process or mechanical stress on the fiber after manufacture. It is noted that fluctuations in the Polarization Mode and fiber birefringence produced by the environment lead to dispersion that varies statistically with time and frequency. PMD causes different delays for different Polarizations and when the difference in the delays approaches a significant fraction of the bit period, it leads to pulse distortion and system penalties. Environmental changes— including temperature and stress—cause the fiber PMD to vary stochastically in time. PMD, illustrating the basic concepts, the measurement techniques, the PMD measurement, the PMD statistics for first- and higher orders, the PMD simulation and emulation, the system impairments, and the mitigation methods has been summarized in the chapter. Both the optical and the electrical PMD compensations are considered.
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pmd fundamentals Polarization Mode dispersion in optical fibers
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000Co-Authors: J P Gordon, Herwig KogelnikAbstract:This paper reviews the fundamental concepts and basic theory of Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers. It introduces a unified notation and methodology to link the various views and concepts in Jones space and Stokes space. The discussion includes the relation between Jones vectors and Stokes vectors, rotation matrices, the definition and representation of PMD vectors, the laws of infinitesimal rotation, and the rules for PMD vector concatenation.
Robert Meachem Jopson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optical Polarization Mode dispersion compensators for high speed optical communication systems
Bell Labs Technical Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Chongjin Xie, Robert Meachem Jopson, Dieter Werner, Herbert Haunstein, S Chandrasekhar, Xiang Liu, Yan Shi, Siegfried Gronbach, Thomas Fred Link, Konrad CzotscherAbstract:This paper details and describes optical Polarization Mode dispersion compensators (PMDCs) for high-speed optical communication systems. We begin with a general discussion of the PMDC, including its operating principle, practical implementation considerations, and its performance evaluation methods. We then describe an optical PMDC with fast tracking speed for a 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) system. The performance of the PMDC is tested in both back-to-back operation and a 1,100 km transmission system. Back-to-back measurements show that the PMDC can increase the Polarization Mode dispersion tolerance of a 40 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK system to about an 8 ps mean differential group delay at an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) margin of less than 1.5 dB. It is able to track principal state of Polarization changes as fast as 45°/ms. Fiber nonlinear effects on the PMDC are investigated in the 1,100 km transmission system with neighboring 10 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) channels with 50 GHz channel spacing. Applications of the optical PMDC to other modulation formats such as differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) are also discussed. e 2010 Alcatel-Lucent.
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on the bandwidth of higher order Polarization Mode dispersion the taylor series expansion
Optics Express, 2003Co-Authors: Hong Chen, Robert Meachem Jopson, Herwig KogelnikAbstract:The bandwidth limitations of Poole’s higher-order Polarization-Mode dispersion (PMD) interpretation are examined. Correlations and errors related to the truncation of the PMD Taylor series are determined by analysis and simulation. As the PMD order increases, the effective bandwidth of the Poole representation is found to grow slowly beyond the bandwidth of the principal state applicable to first-order PMD.
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Polarization Mode dispersion
Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B (Fourth Edition), 2002Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, Robert Meachem Jopson, L.e. NelsonAbstract:Publisher Summary Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) is a linear effect that can be compensated in principle. In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber, the two orthogonally polarized Modes have the same group delay. However, in reality, fibers exhibit a certain amount of birefringence because of imperfections in the manufacturing process or mechanical stress on the fiber after manufacture. It is noted that fluctuations in the Polarization Mode and fiber birefringence produced by the environment lead to dispersion that varies statistically with time and frequency. PMD causes different delays for different Polarizations and when the difference in the delays approaches a significant fraction of the bit period, it leads to pulse distortion and system penalties. Environmental changes— including temperature and stress—cause the fiber PMD to vary stochastically in time. PMD, illustrating the basic concepts, the measurement techniques, the PMD measurement, the PMD statistics for first- and higher orders, the PMD simulation and emulation, the system impairments, and the mitigation methods has been summarized in the chapter. Both the optical and the electrical PMD compensations are considered.
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probability densities of second order Polarization Mode dispersion including Polarization dependent chromatic fiber dispersion
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000Co-Authors: G J Foschini, Robert Meachem Jopson, L.e. Nelson, Herwig KogelnikAbstract:We describe experiments and simulation of second-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) components in optical fibers with emphasis on Polarization-dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD). Excellent agreement is found in comparisons of experimental, simulated, and theoretical probability densities. To our knowledge, these are the first such comparisons for the second-order PMD magnitude and the PCD.
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jones matrix for second order Polarization Mode dispersion
Optics Letters, 2000Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, J P Gordon, L.e. Nelson, Robert Meachem JopsonAbstract:A Jones matrix is constructed for a fiber that exhibits first- and second-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD). It permits the Modeling of pulse transmission for fibers whose PMD vectors have been measured or whose statistics have been determined by established PMD theory. The central portion of our Model is a correction to the Bruyere Model.
Mark Shtaif - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distance limitations on the entanglement distribution over optical fiber due to chromatic and Polarization Mode dispersion
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2011Co-Authors: Cristian Antonelli, Misha Brodsky, Mark ShtaifAbstract:We compare bounds to the reach of potential fiber-optic quantum cryptography systems based on entanglement distribution. The bounds arise from both chromatic and Polarization Mode dispersion. We find that Polarization Mode dispersion limits the transmission for systems deployed over lower dispersion fibers such as NZDSF.
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sudden death of entanglement induced by Polarization Mode dispersion
Physical Review Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Cristian Antonelli, Mark Shtaif, M. BrodskyAbstract:We study the decoherence of Polarization-entangled photon pairs subject to the effects of Polarization Mode dispersion, the chief Polarization decoherence mechanism in optical fibers. We show that fiber propagation reveals an intriguing interplay between the concepts of entanglement sudden death, decoherence-free subspaces, and nonlocality. We define the boundaries in which entanglement-based quantum communications protocols relying on fiber propagation can be applied.
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the brownian bridge method for simulating Polarization Mode dispersion in optical communications systems
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2003Co-Authors: Mark ShtaifAbstract:We propose a technique that allows efficient simulation of fibers with a specific value of instantaneous Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) at a given optical frequency. The proposed technique is rigorously indistinguishable in the statistical sense from applying the brute-force Monte Carlo method and then selecting the fibers whose PMD vector has the desired value. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, we calculate the probability density function of the differential group delay (DGD) conditioned on the value of the DGD at an offset frequency.
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study of the frequency autocorrelation of the differential group delay in fibers with Polarization Mode dispersion
Optics Letters, 2000Co-Authors: Mark Shtaif, A MecozziAbstract:We study the frequency autocorrelation of the differential group delay (DGD) in fibers with Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD). We show that the correlation bandwidth of the DGD is comparable with that of the orientation of the PMD vector. Furthermore, we show that all the most general statistical properties of Polarization Mode dispersion in long fibers are uniquely determined by the mean DGD. An estimate of the accuracy of measurements in which the mean DGD is extracted by frequency averaging in a single fiber is obtained as a function of the measured bandwidth.
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a compensator for the effects of high order Polarization Mode dispersion in optical fibers
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000Co-Authors: Mark Shtaif, A Mecozzi, Jonathan A NagelAbstract:We present a Polarization Mode dispersion compensator for the rotation of the principal states with frequency. This compensator requires only two control elements more than existing first-order compensators. These are the position of one Polarization controller and the setting of a single delay. With the proposed scheme, compensation for first order can be decoupled from the compensation for higher orders and controlled independently. The effect of the compensator on signal transmission is evaluated with extensive numerical simulations.
Curtis R. Menyuk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Comparative Study of Single-Section Polarization-Mode Dispersion Compensators
2015Co-Authors: Curtis R. Menyuk, William L KathAbstract:Abstract—This paper shows how to use multiple importance sampling to study the performance of Polarization-Mode disper-sion (PMD) compensators with a single differential group delay (DGD) element. We compute the eye opening penalty margin for compensated and uncompensated systems with outage probabili-ties of 10 5 or less with a fraction of the computational cost re-quired by standard Monte Carlo methods. This paper shows that the performance of an optimized compensator with a fixed DGD el-ement is comparable to that of a compensator with a variable DGD element. It also shows that the optimal value of the DGD compen-sator is two to three times larger than the mean DGD of the trans-mission line averaged over fiber realizations. This technique can be applied to the optimization of any PMD compensator whose dom-inant sources of residual penalty are both the DGD and the length of the frequency derivative of the Polarization-dispersion vector. Index Terms—Birefringence, compensation, optical communi-cations, optical fiber Polarization, Polarization-Mode dispersion (PMD). I
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Polarization Mode dispersion
pmd, 2005Co-Authors: Andrea Galtarossa, Curtis R. MenyukAbstract:to Polarization Mode dispersion in optical systems.- Modelling of Polarization Mode dispersion in optical communications systems.- Statistical properties of Polarization Mode dispersion.- Three Representations of Polarization Mode Dispersion.- The inverse PMD problem.- Numerical Modeling of PMD.- Applications of importance sampling to Polarization Mode dispersion.- PMD & PDL.- Interaction of nonlinearity and Polarization Mode dispersion.- PMD measurement techniques and how to avoid the pitfalls.- PMD measurements on installed fibers and Polarization sensitive components.- Reflectometric measurements of Polarization properties in optical-fiber links.- PMD impact on optical systems: Single- and multichannel effects.- Polarization effects and performance of fiber optic recirculating loops.- PMD compensation techniques.- Low-PMD spun fibers.- PMD emulation.
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importance sampling for Polarization Mode dispersion techniques and applications
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Gino Biondini, William L Kath, Curtis R. MenyukAbstract:The basic theory of importance sampling (IS) as relevant to Polarization-Mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers is discussed, and its application to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of PMD-induced transmission impairments is demonstrated. The use of IS allows rare PMD events to be simulated much more efficiently than with standard MC methods. As a consequence, methods employing IS provide natural and effective tools to assess PMD-induced impairments and outages in optical transmission systems at realistic probability levels.
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importance sampling for Polarization Mode dispersion
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2002Co-Authors: Gino Biondini, William L Kath, Curtis R. MenyukAbstract:We describe the application of importance sampling to Monte-Carlo simulations of Polarization-Mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers. The method allows rare differential group delay (DGD) events to be simulated much more efficiently than with standard Monte-Carlo methods and, thus, it can be used to assess PMD-induced system outage probabilities at realistic bit-error rates. We demonstrate the technique by accurately calculating the tails of the DGD probability distribution with a relatively small number of Monte-Carlo trials.
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comparison of Polarization Mode dispersion emulators
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2001Co-Authors: I T Lima, Curtis R. Menyuk, Reza Khosravani, P Ebrahimi, Edem Ibragimov, Alan E WillnerAbstract:We analyze Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) emulators comprised of a small number of sections of Polarization-maintaining fibers with Polarization scattering at the beginning of each section. Unlike previously studied devices, these emulators allow the emulation of a whole ensemble of fibers. We derive an analytical expressions and determine two main criteria that characterize the quality of PMD emulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
L.e. Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emulation and inversion of Polarization Mode dispersion
2003 Digest of LEOS Summer Topical Meeting (Cat. No.03TH8701), 2003Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, L.e. Nelson, J P GordonAbstract:Elements of higher-order differential dispersion represent pure higher-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD). They can be applied to the inversion of PMD vector data to determine the fiber pulse's response, and to PMD emulation and compensation.
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emulation and inversion of Polarization Mode dispersion
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, L.e. Nelson, J P GordonAbstract:When a fiber is characterized by measured Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) vector data, inversion of these data is required to determine the frequency dependence of the fiber's Jones matrix and, thereby, its pulse response. This tutorial reviews the principal concepts and theory employed in approaches to PMD inversion and in the closely related emulation of PMD. We discuss three second-order emulator Models and the distinction between the PMD vectors and the eigenvectors of the fiber's Jones matrix. We extend emulation and inversion to fourth-order and sixth-order PMD using higher order concatenation rules, rotations of higher power designating higher rates of acceleration with frequency, and representation of these rotations by Stokes' vectors.
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Polarization Mode dispersion
Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B (Fourth Edition), 2002Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, Robert Meachem Jopson, L.e. NelsonAbstract:Publisher Summary Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) is a linear effect that can be compensated in principle. In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber, the two orthogonally polarized Modes have the same group delay. However, in reality, fibers exhibit a certain amount of birefringence because of imperfections in the manufacturing process or mechanical stress on the fiber after manufacture. It is noted that fluctuations in the Polarization Mode and fiber birefringence produced by the environment lead to dispersion that varies statistically with time and frequency. PMD causes different delays for different Polarizations and when the difference in the delays approaches a significant fraction of the bit period, it leads to pulse distortion and system penalties. Environmental changes— including temperature and stress—cause the fiber PMD to vary stochastically in time. PMD, illustrating the basic concepts, the measurement techniques, the PMD measurement, the PMD statistics for first- and higher orders, the PMD simulation and emulation, the system impairments, and the mitigation methods has been summarized in the chapter. Both the optical and the electrical PMD compensations are considered.
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probability densities of second order Polarization Mode dispersion including Polarization dependent chromatic fiber dispersion
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000Co-Authors: G J Foschini, Robert Meachem Jopson, L.e. Nelson, Herwig KogelnikAbstract:We describe experiments and simulation of second-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD) components in optical fibers with emphasis on Polarization-dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD). Excellent agreement is found in comparisons of experimental, simulated, and theoretical probability densities. To our knowledge, these are the first such comparisons for the second-order PMD magnitude and the PCD.
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jones matrix for second order Polarization Mode dispersion
Optics Letters, 2000Co-Authors: Herwig Kogelnik, J P Gordon, L.e. Nelson, Robert Meachem JopsonAbstract:A Jones matrix is constructed for a fiber that exhibits first- and second-order Polarization Mode dispersion (PMD). It permits the Modeling of pulse transmission for fibers whose PMD vectors have been measured or whose statistics have been determined by established PMD theory. The central portion of our Model is a correction to the Bruyere Model.
