The Experts below are selected from a list of 57 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Robert Kirunda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • unfettering the Political Mandate reflections on Political prohibition in the world bank the world bank s role in the protection of human rights and the chad cameroon pipeline
    Social Science Research Network, 2008
    Co-Authors: Robert Kirunda
    Abstract:

    The main objective of this paper is to suggest a comprehensive approach that the World Bank can use in dealing with human rights. In so doing, the paper aims to show that human rights are Political factors that are excluded from the Mandate of the Bank by the wording of the provisions on Political prohibition but that their protection is central to the realization of the full benefits of World Bank funded projects and as such, central to its Mandate. As a case study, the paper analyzes the World Bank’s involvement in the Chad-Cameroon Oil Development and Pipeline Project. The paper points out the inconsistencies that underlie the Bank’s interpretation of the provisions of its Articles of Agreement that relate to Political prohibition. The paper delves into an analysis of these provisions against the backdrop of their history and shows that they have outlived their usefulness. The need to reconcile the Mandate of the Bank, its actions and perceptions and develop a sound and concise approach to its role in the protection of human rights is what lies at the crux of this paper. The paper then balances the historical justification for these provisions with recent development to suggest a coherent way of including human rights in the Mandate of the Bank to the extent that they affect or their violation arises from World Bank-funded projects. The paper will also show the limitations that surround the various options and as much as possible, make suggestions to overcome these limitations and stimulate discussion of better ways of inculcating human rights into the Bank’s Mandate.

Patrick Mcauslan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Political Mandate institutional change and economic reform
    1997
    Co-Authors: Leila Frischtak, Patrick Mcauslan
    Abstract:

    During the 1980s the economic picture in much of the developing world looked rather dismal. Many governments either resisted adjustment at ever-increasing costs of macro imbalances and income foregone, or tried at varying degrees of ambivalence to promote it, facing rising Political opposition to the unpopular austerity policies. Even in those countries which eventually moved to a stronger commitment to economic reform, it was difficult to detect unequivocal achievements.

Hartmut Rudolph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Religion and Politics: The Controversy over the Political Mandate of the Protestant Church in Germany (EKD) Relating to the Eastern Policy 1950–1972
    Logic Argumentation & Reasoning, 2013
    Co-Authors: Hartmut Rudolph
    Abstract:

    In the decade earmarked by the Cold War between East and West, one can observe among intellectuals in West Germany, above all within German Protestantism, a growing awareness of the inadequacy of the prevailing politics of Konrad Adenauer’s government. The rigid insistence on Germany’s alleged legal claim to the earlier Eastern (now Polish) territories and the refusal to acknowledge the German Democratic Republic hedged in the possibilities of operations in foreign policy. Since the early 1950s, the official policy in West Germany consigned to those driven from the East in all of West Germany (16.6 % of the total population) a so-called Recht auf die Heimat, i.e. right to the land, which one has fled from. The word of the German Protestant Church on this subject was not unified. On the one hand there was theological support given to the demand for a restitution; on the other hand, one saw in the loss of the homeland a consequence of the German guilt, i.e. the judgement of God which must be acknowledged. The result of heated controversial discussions in the 1960s was a common Word of the church, not prescribing for politicians compellingly necessary decisions, but targeting on the preconditions of Political action, or as one might say, on Political hermeneutics. This act of ecclesiastical pastoral care made an essential contribution to the “Neue Ostpolitik” (New Policy for the East) successfully promoted by Willy Brandt, which made possible a rapprochement between the Federal Republic and its neighbours in the East.

Vishanthie Sewpaul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • social workers unite against xenophobia pursuing social work s Political Mandate
    Social Work Maatskaplike Werk, 2014
    Co-Authors: Vishanthie Sewpaul
    Abstract:

    Social work practitioners and social work educators took a strong stance against xenophobia by submitting the following statement to the Minister of Social Development Dr Zola Skweyiya. We are a group of social work educators and social work practitioners representing the following groups: The Association of Schools of Social Work in Africa (ASSWA); African Federation of Social Workers; the Association of South African Social Work Education Institutions (ASASWEI); the National Association of Social Workers, South Africa (NASW, SA) and the South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP). We wish to express our outrage at the senseless killing of people in a country where we profess to uphold the dignity of all human beings. We understand that the dynamics and the socio-economic, cultural and Political conditions that serve as precursors to such de-humanising conduct are complex. While we understand this, the message that needs to go out to communities is that nothing at all can condone any attack on fellow human beings. We urge all those working in the human services sector and the Government of South Africa to send out a message of zero tolerance for violence. We must actively send out calls for peace and work toward peaceful resolution of conflict and of differences.

Hossain, Shah Sujat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparative analysis of philosophy, organizational structure and development assistance mechanism of major multilateral development banks
    BARC University, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hossain, Shah Sujat
    Abstract:

    This internship report is submitted in a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Business Administration, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of internship report.Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-59).This study examines the development assistance strategy and mechanism of five major multilateral development banks – The World Bank Group, The Asian Development Bank (ADB), The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), The Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and The African Development Bank (AfDB). Focus was given to the philosophy, structure and ownership; development assistance mechanism; avenues of consulting opportunities at different project cycle stages; procurement methods; strategic areas of priority (regional, sectoral and thematic); and emerging trends & strategic shifts of the organization that are relevant for development consulting firms as insights. The World Bank Group remains the first and flagship multilateral development bank with more than US$ 50 billion new commitments per year and on an average 7-8 new invitation for bids to consulting firms per day. 16% share is owned by the USA, giving it absolute veto power as minimum requirement for change in Mandate is 85% support. The three lending wings are IBRD – funding near market term loans to middle income and strong-governance countries, IDB – funding concessional term loans and grants to low income countries and IFC, investing in the private sector. IBRD and IDB combined is called the World Bank (Not to confuse with World Bank Group). Study finds the procurement system and policies followed by World Bank Group has been emulated by almost all the other development banks in different degrees, (ranging from exact copying to adopting the same mechanism under different terminologies). In 2013, WBG initiated a major strategic overhaul in two decades which involves - repositioning the bank as “One World Bank Group”, call for greater efficiency, more investment in knowledge and technical skills, enhanced cooperation and collaboration within the lending arms (IBRD-IDA-IFC-MIGA) and with other development partners. The goals set are to reduce extreme poverty to 3% by 2030 (interim goal of 9% by 2020 from baseline of 18% in 2010); and boosting bottom 40% of the population in developing countries. The new strategy also calls for “selective involvement” in “transformational projects”. The role of public-private partnerships has been stressed. Also the strategy suggests plans to transform into a leaner organization, reduction of bureaucracies and achieving administrative savings of $400 million. The new strategy identified that although the World Bank Group does not face immediate financial concerns, its financial capacity will need to be strengthened. The priority sectors are identified as agribusiness, climate change and MSMEs. Priority region is Africa for World Bank. IFC on the other hand, invests highly in Latin America. In 2015, sector-wise, law and justice receives highest lending to World Bank, followed by Health and Social Services and Transportation. Rural Development and Human Development have been priority thematic areas in FY15 funding followed by Risk Management and Public Sector Governance. ii Rural Development (18%) and Human Development (17%) was the thematic priority area for World Bank in 2013, followed by Social Protection and Risk Management (12%) and Public Sector Governance (11%). The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is the next big multilateral bank with US$ 21 billion in investment and on average 1-2 new consulting opportunities being published daily. The procurement system is identical to that of World Bank. Japan holds the highest voting share with USA only nominally behind, the other two major shareholders are China and India. ADB was founded by Japan as it felt it was not being able to further its Mandate through World Bank Group. ADB’s current strategy is Strategy 2020 developed in 2008 focusing on inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth and regional integration. The drivers of change as identified in the strategy are: private sector development, good governance and capacity building, gender equity, knowledge solutions and partnerships. The five operational areas targeted towards gradually increasing 80% share of fund allocation by 2020 are Infrastructure, Environment, Regional cooperation and integration, Finance and Education. Also, ADB wants to scale up private sector operation to 50% by 2020 which in 2013 was 41%. Climate change and regional cooperation and integration activities are targeted to be at least 30% of total activities by 2020. Further breaking down the most preferred sector Infrastructure, the areas of interest to ADB in the long-term are clean energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transport, cross border integration and regional trade infrastructure and disaster and risk mitigation. In education sector, the renewed focus is on tertiary education, technical education and vocational education as deemed instrumental in increasing productivity, employability and innovation by ADB. PPP is an institutional priority to ADB. ADB also is envisioning higher degree of collaboration with other development partners. The target is to have total annual direct co-financing exceed the value of standalone ADB financing by 2020. The mid-term review of 2008-2012 period reveals ADB made quite good progress towards the envisioned ‘to-be’ state of 2020. In 2015, portfolio of assistances were in Southeast Asia 30%, South Asia 28% and Central and West Asia 26%. Sector-wise, Energy 27% and Transport 24% were the highest recipient sector The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is the newest MDB focusing on supporting democratic development in former soviet bloc countries. It’s the only MDB with a stated Political Mandate. USA is the major shareholder in EBRD, making EBRD a misnomer. The EBRD's focus today is fostering stability in the countries of the Balkans, Georgia and the other countries of the Caucasus, and Central Asia; and in helping countries such as Ukraine and Russia to stay the course as a market-oriented economy that is nurturing the kind of middle class that strengthens democracy and economic growth. EBRD issues 0-1 new consulting opportunities on average per day with close to US$15 billion yearly commitments. iii The EBRD is at a strategic crossroads because it has achieved much of its original mission of assisting formerly communist countries transition to market-based economies. Now, the EBRD must choose either expanding to countries beyond its original Mandate or simply fading away and becoming a smaller and more focused institution as its original Mandate is fulfilled. The Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) is different from other MDBs in that the borrowing nations combined has enormous decision making power and ownership share. MDB also differs in that it focuses on social sector projects rather than large infrastructure projects. The procurement methods, mechanisms and policies are identical to that of the World Bank. IADB issues 0-1 new consulting opportunities on average per day with close to US$14 billion yearly commitments. In 2010, The IDB Board of Governors agreed to increase the Ordinary Capital by $70 billion to enable the IDB to meet an increased demand for development lending. Coupled with this historic expansion of resources, the Bank has carried out a broad reform agenda. The bank has strengthened its focus on increasing accountability and integrity and pairing learning and accountability tools. The stated strategic priorities are: reducing poverty and social inequalities, addressing the needs of small and vulnerable countries, fostering development through the private sector, addressing climate change, renewable energy and environmental sustainability and promoting regional cooperation and integration. IADB also focuses on collaboration and has signed recent deals with the ADB and the World Bank Group. Data analysis from FY15 Annual report reveals 37% assistance going to Mexico and 14% going to Uruguay and 7% to multi-country regional projects. The other countries received somewhat between 3-5% of rest of the assistance. Institutional Capacity & Finance 36% and Infrastructure & Environment 34% are two priority sectors as per FY15 data. The African Development Bank (AfDB) has a stated mission to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty in Africa. AfDB also issues 0-1 new project opportunities on average daily. AfDB has total allocated fund of US $6.7 billion in 2015. The African Development Bank Group has two other entities: the African Development Fund (ADF) and the Nigeria Trust Fund (NTF). The African Development Fund (ADF) is the concessional window of the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group. The ADF has the challenge of having nearly half its client countries as fragile states, and facing a situation where even stable economies can become fragile due to a single internal or external shock. The ADF contributes to poverty reduction and economic and social development in the least developed African countries by providing concessional funding for projects and programs, as well as technical assistance for studies and capacity-building activities. The Nigeria Trust Fund (NTF) was created in 1976 by agreement between the Bank Group and the Nigerian government. The NTF is a self-sustaining revolving fund. Its objective is to assist the development efforts of the Bank's low-income regional member countries whose economic and social conditions and prospects require concessional financing. iv AfDB recently formulated their long term strategy paper for the period 2013 – 2022. The two objectives for the ten-year strategy are inclusive growth and green growth. The inclusive growth objective focuses on unlocking the demographic dividend, bringing prosperity to the base of the pyramid population and infrastructure and community participation. The green growth objective focuses on making growth sustainable, protecting livelihoods, improving water, energy and food security, promoting sustainable use of natural resources and spurring innovation, job creation and economic development. The five operational priorities identified are infrastructure development, regional economic integration, private sector development, governance and accountability and skill and technology. The areas of special emphasis are fragile states, agriculture and food security and gender. AfDB’s priority sectoral priorities are Infrastructure and Agriculture and thematic priorities are in Infrastructure and Knowledge Products as per FY13 fund allocation. Congo received the highest amount of aid, surpassing others by large margin, followed by Kenya, Mali and Nigeria.Shah Sujat HossainM. Business Administratio