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Richard Buchanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • human dignity and human rights thoughts on the principles of human centered design
    Design Issues, 2001
    Co-Authors: Richard Buchanan
    Abstract:

    As I walked on the shore of Cape Town to the opening ceremonies of a conference on design in South Africa, I saw through the rain and mist a small sliver of land in the bay. Naively, I asked my host if it was part of the peninsula that extends south of the city or an island. With what, in retrospect, must have been great patience, she quietly explained that it was not “an” island, it was “the” island. I was embarrassed, but I knew immediately what she meant. I spent the rest of the evening thinking about the Political Prisoners who were held on Robben Island, human rights, and the irony of a conference within sight of Table Bay that seeks to explore the reshaping of South Africa by design. I was helped in these thoughts by the address of the Minister of Education, Dr. Kadir Asmal, who opened the conference by exploring the meaning of design, the need and opportunities for design in South Africa, and, most importantly, the grounding of design in the cultural values and Political principles expressed in the new South African Constitution. I have never heard a high government official anywhere in the world speak so insightfully about the new design that is emerging around us as we near the beginning of a new century. Perhaps everyone in the audience was surprised by how quickly and accurately he captured the core of our discipline and turned it back to us for action. Many of his ideas were at the forward edge of our field, and some were further ahead than we are prepared to admit. For example, I believe we all recognized his significant transformation of the old design theme of “form and function” into the new design theme of “form and content.” This is one of the distinguishing marks of new design thinking: not a rejection of function, but a recognition that unless designers grasp the significant content of the products they create, their work will come to little consequence or may even lead to harm in our complex world. I was particularly surprised, however, by Dr. Asmal’s account of the creation—and here he deliberately and significantly used the word “design”—of the South African Constitution. He explained that after deliberation the drafters decided not to model the document on the familiar example of the United States Constitution, with an appended Bill of Rights, but rather to give central importance from the beginning to the concept of human

E.g. Rangel Lozano Claudia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • La voz de los sobrevivientes
    EdUECE - Editora da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 2020
    Co-Authors: E.g. Rangel Lozano Claudia
    Abstract:

    In the period known in Mexico as dirty war, the forms of repression against civilians and the guerrilla were diverse, like massacres, extrajudicial murders, torture and forced disappearance of people.In order to obtain its objective, the local estate power, raised clandestine jails in the interior of military quarters and camps, besides to count already on jails of legal character; in these concentration camps they kept the Political Prisoners and later they made them disappear. To know how it worked the life daily death in these concentration camps is the objective of this presentation. Two axes of analysis will be the articulators: Terror of State and clandestine jails, in which it practiced the torture and the forced disappearance, thus, these jails operated like the support of the repressive structure imposed by the Mexican State against the guerrilla detachments and the civil society in which the rural guerrilla located itself, as the case of the Costa Grande and the Guerrero Sierra.En el periodo conocido como guerra sucia en México las formas de represión contra la población civil y los grupos guerrilleros fueron diversas. Desde las masacres, los asesinatos extrajudiciales, la tortura y la desaparición forzada de personas. Para lograr su objetivo, el poder estatal instituyó cárceles clandestinas que se encontraban al interior de cuarteles y campos militares, además de contar ya con cárceles de carácter legal, en estos campos de concentración reclutaban a los presos políticos y después los hacían desaparecer. Conocer cómo funcionaba la vida- muerte cotidiana en estos campos de concentración es el objetivo de esta presentación. Dos ejes de análisis serán los articuladores: Terror de Estado y cárceles clandestinas, en las que se practicó la tortura y la desaparición forzada, así, estas cárceles operaron como el soporte de la estructura represiva impuesta por el Estado mexicano contra los grupos guerrilleros y la sociedad civil en la que se situó la guerrilla rural, como el caso de la Costa Grande y la Sierra de Guerrero

Denis Ohearn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • repression and solidary cultures of resistance irish Political Prisoners on protest
    American Journal of Sociology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Denis Ohearn
    Abstract:

    Social activists and especially insurgents have created solidary cultures of resistance in conditions of high risk and repression. One such instance is an episode of contention by Irish Political Prisoners in the late 1970s. The “blanketmen” appropriated and then built a solidary culture within spaces that had been under official control. Their ability to maintain such a collective response was enhanced by an intensifying cycle of protest and violent reprisal, including extreme stripping of their material environment, in which the Prisoners gained considerable initiative. This study uses interviews and contemporary writings by Prisoners, prison authorities, visitors, and movement activists to examine how the dynamic of protest and repression transformed insurgent prison culture—through material, emotional, and perceptive changes—and the importance of leadership in the transformation. Special attention is given to prisoner activities in appropriated spaces that reinforced the culture of resistance: promoti...

Kimberly A Lowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • humanitarianism and national sovereignty red cross intervention on behalf of Political Prisoners in soviet russia 1921 3
    Journal of Contemporary History, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kimberly A Lowe
    Abstract:

    From 1921 to 1923 the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) sought to protect the individual rights of Political Prisoners in Soviet Russia. This action represented the culmination of the Red Cross’ attempt after the First World War to transform the humanitarian rights assured to soldiers by the Geneva and Hague conventions into universal rights for all people. The Red Cross, employing concepts that demonstrate a connection between humanitarianism and human rights, argued for a right to assistance that transcended national sovereignty and authorized international intervention in the sovereign affairs of states. The article traces the ideological origins of this universal humanitarian right through the debates on civil war at the 1912 and 1921 International Conferences of the Red Cross and then analyzes the ICRC's use of private and public channels to protect Political Prisoners in Soviet Russia. Despite initial international support, the ICRC failed to achieve a humanitarian intervention from th...

Pinzón Velásquez, Miguel Ángel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cárcel y represión política: Ataque paramilitar contra presos políticos en la cárcel La Modelo de Bogotá (2001)
    2018
    Co-Authors: Pinzón Velásquez, Miguel Ángel
    Abstract:

    La Constitución Colombiana no define qué es el delito político y en el código penal quedó desestructurado por la eliminación de la conexidad con otros delitos. En medio de esas incertidumbres y de la crisis carcelaria crónica, la prisión ha sido lugar central de la violencia política desde los aparatos de Estado, extendiendo la guerra a la cárcel y propinando tratamiento vengativo contra el preso político como peligroso enemigo interno. Un caso extremo ocurrió en Bogotá, donde los presos políticos se organizaron reclamando trato digno en prisión, haciendo visible en el ámbito internacional la violación de los Derechos Humanos por parte del Estado. Simultáneamente las guerrillas de las FARC negociaban con el gobierno nacional un intercambio de presos políticos por militares y policías en manos de la insurgencia. Por otra parte los paramilitares recluidos preparaban un ataque contra los presos políticos; con esta acción se recuperaría el control de la prisión para el Estado y asesinarían a los mandos medios de la guerrilla que podrían salir libres para reforzar los planes de las FARC de cercar a Bogotá. La eliminación de los llamados canjeables afectaría los diálogos del Caguán. Con el apoyo de la fuerza pública y la determinación de funcionarios públicos de diferentes niveles de poder, el 2 de julio de 2001 el Estado procedió con paramilitarismo para eliminar físicamente a los presos políticos en la cárcel Modelo de Bogotá. El ataque fue repelido por la guerrilla. Hasta hoy no hay responsables políticos, judiciales ni disciplinarios por estos hechos.Abstract: The Colombian Constitution does not define what the Political crime is and in the criminal code was left unstructured by the elimination of the connection with other crimes. In the midst of these uncertainties and the chronicle crisis of the, jail has been the central place of Political violence from state apparatuses, extending the war to prison and giving a vengeful treatment against the Political prisoner as a dangerous internal enemy. An extreme case occurred in Bogotá, where the Political Prisoners they organized to demand dignified treatment in prison, to make visible in the international arena the violation of human rights by the State. Simultaneously FARC guerrillas negotiated with the national government, exchange of Political prisoner for military and police in the hands of the insurgency. On the other hand, the paramilitaries prepare an attack against Political Prisoners; with this action, they would regain control of the prison for the State and assassinate the guerrilla's middle managers so that they have not had access to the FARC's plans to surround Bogota. The elimination of the so-called exchangeable ones would affect the dialogues of Caguán. With the support of the public force and the determination of public servers of different levels of power, on July 2, 2001, the State proceeded with paramilitarism to physically eliminate Political Prisoners in the Bogotá Model prison. The attack was repelled by the guerrillas. Until today there are no Political, judicial or disciplinary responsible for these events