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Michael D Grosz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test. Findings Approximately 160 kb were sequenced within the known Polled region from 12 Polled and 12 horned Holsteins. Analysis of the polymorphisms identified 13 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are concordant with the horned/Polled Trait. Three of the 13 SNPs are located in gene coding or regulatory regions ( e.g ., the untranslated region, or UTR) where one is located in the 3'UTR of a gene and the other two are located in the 5'UTR and coding region (synonymous SNP) of another gene. The 3'UTR of genes have been shown to be targets of microRNAs regulating gene expression. In silico analysis indicates the 3'UTR SNP may disrupt a microRNA target site. Conclusion These 13 novel SNPs concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins represent a test panel for the breed and this is the first report to the authors' knowledge of SNPs within gene coding or regulatory regions concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in cattle. These SNPs will require further testing for verification and further study to determine if the 3'UTR SNP may have a functional effect on the Polled Trait in Holsteins.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC research notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned Polled Trait in holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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BMC Research Notes BioMed Central
2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holstein
Edward J Cargill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test. Findings Approximately 160 kb were sequenced within the known Polled region from 12 Polled and 12 horned Holsteins. Analysis of the polymorphisms identified 13 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are concordant with the horned/Polled Trait. Three of the 13 SNPs are located in gene coding or regulatory regions ( e.g ., the untranslated region, or UTR) where one is located in the 3'UTR of a gene and the other two are located in the 5'UTR and coding region (synonymous SNP) of another gene. The 3'UTR of genes have been shown to be targets of microRNAs regulating gene expression. In silico analysis indicates the 3'UTR SNP may disrupt a microRNA target site. Conclusion These 13 novel SNPs concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins represent a test panel for the breed and this is the first report to the authors' knowledge of SNPs within gene coding or regulatory regions concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in cattle. These SNPs will require further testing for verification and further study to determine if the 3'UTR SNP may have a functional effect on the Polled Trait in Holsteins.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC research notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned Polled Trait in holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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BMC Research Notes BioMed Central
2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holstein
Sven König - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of breeding strategies for Polledness in dairy cattle using a newly developed simulation framework for quantitative and Mendelian Traits
Genetics Selection Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Scheper, Monika Wensch-dorendorf, Tong Yin, Holger Dressel, Herrmann Swalve, Sven KönigAbstract:Background Intensified selection of Polled individuals has recently gained importance in predominantly horned dairy cattle breeds as an alternative to routine dehorning. The status quo of the current Polled breeding pool of genetically-closely related artificial insemination sires with lower breeding values for performance Traits raises questions regarding the effects of intensified selection based on this founder pool. Methods We developed a stochastic simulation framework that combines the stochastic simulation software QMSim and a self-designed R program named QUALsim that acts as an external extension. Two Traits were simulated in a dairy cattle population for 25 generations: one quantitative (QMSim) and one qualitative Trait with Mendelian inheritance (i.e. Polledness, QUALsim). The assignment scheme for qualitative Trait genotypes initiated realistic initial breeding situations regarding allele frequencies, true breeding values for the quantitative Trait and genetic relatedness. Intensified selection for Polled cattle was achieved using an approach that weights estimated breeding values in the animal best linear unbiased prediction model for the quantitative Trait depending on genotypes or phenotypes for the Polled Trait with a user-defined weighting factor. Results Selection response for the Polled Trait was highest in the selection scheme based on genotypes. Selection based on phenotypes led to significantly lower allele frequencies for Polled. The male selection path played a significantly greater role for a fast dissemination of Polled alleles compared to female selection strategies. Fixation of the Polled allele implies selection based on Polled genotypes among males. In comparison to a base breeding scenario that does not take Polledness into account, intensive selection for Polled substantially reduced genetic gain for this quantitative Trait after 25 generations. Reducing selection intensity for Polled males while maintaining strong selection intensity among females, simultaneously decreased losses in genetic gain and achieved a final allele frequency of 0.93 for Polled. Conclusions A fast transition to a completely Polled population through intensified selection for Polled was in contradiction to the preservation of high genetic gain for the quantitative Trait. Selection on male Polled genotypes with moderate weighting, and selection on female Polled phenotypes with high weighting, could be a suitable compromise regarding all important breeding aspects.
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Evaluation of breeding strategies for Polledness in dairy cattle using a newly developed simulation framework for quantitative and Mendelian Traits.
Genetics selection evolution : GSE, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Scheper, Monika Wensch-dorendorf, Tong Yin, Holger Dressel, Herrmann Swalve, Sven KönigAbstract:Intensified selection of Polled individuals has recently gained importance in predominantly horned dairy cattle breeds as an alternative to routine dehorning. The status quo of the current Polled breeding pool of genetically-closely related artificial insemination sires with lower breeding values for performance Traits raises questions regarding the effects of intensified selection based on this founder pool. We developed a stochastic simulation framework that combines the stochastic simulation software QMSim and a self-designed R program named QUALsim that acts as an external extension. Two Traits were simulated in a dairy cattle population for 25 generations: one quantitative (QMSim) and one qualitative Trait with Mendelian inheritance (i.e. Polledness, QUALsim). The assignment scheme for qualitative Trait genotypes initiated realistic initial breeding situations regarding allele frequencies, true breeding values for the quantitative Trait and genetic relatedness. Intensified selection for Polled cattle was achieved using an approach that weights estimated breeding values in the animal best linear unbiased prediction model for the quantitative Trait depending on genotypes or phenotypes for the Polled Trait with a user-defined weighting factor. Selection response for the Polled Trait was highest in the selection scheme based on genotypes. Selection based on phenotypes led to significantly lower allele frequencies for Polled. The male selection path played a significantly greater role for a fast dissemination of Polled alleles compared to female selection strategies. Fixation of the Polled allele implies selection based on Polled genotypes among males. In comparison to a base breeding scenario that does not take Polledness into account, intensive selection for Polled substantially reduced genetic gain for this quantitative Trait after 25 generations. Reducing selection intensity for Polled males while maintaining strong selection intensity among females, simultaneously decreased losses in genetic gain and achieved a final allele frequency of 0.93 for Polled. A fast transition to a completely Polled population through intensified selection for Polled was in contradiction to the preservation of high genetic gain for the quantitative Trait. Selection on male Polled genotypes with moderate weighting, and selection on female Polled phenotypes with high weighting, could be a suitable compromise regarding all important breeding aspects.
Nick J Nissing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test. Findings Approximately 160 kb were sequenced within the known Polled region from 12 Polled and 12 horned Holsteins. Analysis of the polymorphisms identified 13 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are concordant with the horned/Polled Trait. Three of the 13 SNPs are located in gene coding or regulatory regions ( e.g ., the untranslated region, or UTR) where one is located in the 3'UTR of a gene and the other two are located in the 5'UTR and coding region (synonymous SNP) of another gene. The 3'UTR of genes have been shown to be targets of microRNAs regulating gene expression. In silico analysis indicates the 3'UTR SNP may disrupt a microRNA target site. Conclusion These 13 novel SNPs concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins represent a test panel for the breed and this is the first report to the authors' knowledge of SNPs within gene coding or regulatory regions concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in cattle. These SNPs will require further testing for verification and further study to determine if the 3'UTR SNP may have a functional effect on the Polled Trait in Holsteins.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holsteins
BMC research notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned Polled Trait in holsteins
BMC Research Notes, 2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Background Cattle that naturally do not grow horns are referred to as Polled, a Trait inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. Previous studies have localized the Polled mutation (which is unknown) to the proximal end of bovine chromosome 1 in a region approximately 3 Mb in size. While a Polled genetic test, Tru-Polled™, is commercially available from MetaMorphix Inc., Holsteins are not a validated breed for this test.
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BMC Research Notes BioMed Central
2008Co-Authors: Edward J Cargill, Nick J Nissing, Michael D GroszAbstract:Single nucleotide polymorphisms concordant with the horned/Polled Trait in Holstein
Carsten Scheper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of breeding strategies for Polledness in dairy cattle using a newly developed simulation framework for quantitative and Mendelian Traits
Genetics Selection Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Scheper, Monika Wensch-dorendorf, Tong Yin, Holger Dressel, Herrmann Swalve, Sven KönigAbstract:Background Intensified selection of Polled individuals has recently gained importance in predominantly horned dairy cattle breeds as an alternative to routine dehorning. The status quo of the current Polled breeding pool of genetically-closely related artificial insemination sires with lower breeding values for performance Traits raises questions regarding the effects of intensified selection based on this founder pool. Methods We developed a stochastic simulation framework that combines the stochastic simulation software QMSim and a self-designed R program named QUALsim that acts as an external extension. Two Traits were simulated in a dairy cattle population for 25 generations: one quantitative (QMSim) and one qualitative Trait with Mendelian inheritance (i.e. Polledness, QUALsim). The assignment scheme for qualitative Trait genotypes initiated realistic initial breeding situations regarding allele frequencies, true breeding values for the quantitative Trait and genetic relatedness. Intensified selection for Polled cattle was achieved using an approach that weights estimated breeding values in the animal best linear unbiased prediction model for the quantitative Trait depending on genotypes or phenotypes for the Polled Trait with a user-defined weighting factor. Results Selection response for the Polled Trait was highest in the selection scheme based on genotypes. Selection based on phenotypes led to significantly lower allele frequencies for Polled. The male selection path played a significantly greater role for a fast dissemination of Polled alleles compared to female selection strategies. Fixation of the Polled allele implies selection based on Polled genotypes among males. In comparison to a base breeding scenario that does not take Polledness into account, intensive selection for Polled substantially reduced genetic gain for this quantitative Trait after 25 generations. Reducing selection intensity for Polled males while maintaining strong selection intensity among females, simultaneously decreased losses in genetic gain and achieved a final allele frequency of 0.93 for Polled. Conclusions A fast transition to a completely Polled population through intensified selection for Polled was in contradiction to the preservation of high genetic gain for the quantitative Trait. Selection on male Polled genotypes with moderate weighting, and selection on female Polled phenotypes with high weighting, could be a suitable compromise regarding all important breeding aspects.
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Evaluation of breeding strategies for Polledness in dairy cattle using a newly developed simulation framework for quantitative and Mendelian Traits.
Genetics selection evolution : GSE, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Scheper, Monika Wensch-dorendorf, Tong Yin, Holger Dressel, Herrmann Swalve, Sven KönigAbstract:Intensified selection of Polled individuals has recently gained importance in predominantly horned dairy cattle breeds as an alternative to routine dehorning. The status quo of the current Polled breeding pool of genetically-closely related artificial insemination sires with lower breeding values for performance Traits raises questions regarding the effects of intensified selection based on this founder pool. We developed a stochastic simulation framework that combines the stochastic simulation software QMSim and a self-designed R program named QUALsim that acts as an external extension. Two Traits were simulated in a dairy cattle population for 25 generations: one quantitative (QMSim) and one qualitative Trait with Mendelian inheritance (i.e. Polledness, QUALsim). The assignment scheme for qualitative Trait genotypes initiated realistic initial breeding situations regarding allele frequencies, true breeding values for the quantitative Trait and genetic relatedness. Intensified selection for Polled cattle was achieved using an approach that weights estimated breeding values in the animal best linear unbiased prediction model for the quantitative Trait depending on genotypes or phenotypes for the Polled Trait with a user-defined weighting factor. Selection response for the Polled Trait was highest in the selection scheme based on genotypes. Selection based on phenotypes led to significantly lower allele frequencies for Polled. The male selection path played a significantly greater role for a fast dissemination of Polled alleles compared to female selection strategies. Fixation of the Polled allele implies selection based on Polled genotypes among males. In comparison to a base breeding scenario that does not take Polledness into account, intensive selection for Polled substantially reduced genetic gain for this quantitative Trait after 25 generations. Reducing selection intensity for Polled males while maintaining strong selection intensity among females, simultaneously decreased losses in genetic gain and achieved a final allele frequency of 0.93 for Polled. A fast transition to a completely Polled population through intensified selection for Polled was in contradiction to the preservation of high genetic gain for the quantitative Trait. Selection on male Polled genotypes with moderate weighting, and selection on female Polled phenotypes with high weighting, could be a suitable compromise regarding all important breeding aspects.