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Ronald J Shadbegian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses evidence from the Pollution Abatement costs and expenditures survey
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Randy A Becker, Carl A Pasurka, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:This paper examines whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. We consider the net effect of statutory, enforcement, and compliance asymmetries by estimating the relationship between plant size and Pollution Abatement expenditures, using establishment-level data on U.S. manufacturers from the Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey and from its Annual Survey of Manufactures and Census of Manufactures. We model establishments' Pollution Abatement operating costs (PAOC) per unit of economic activity as a function of establishment size, industry, state, and year. Our results show that PAOC intensity increases with establishment and firm size.
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do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses evidence from the Pollution Abatement costs and expenditures survey
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Randy A Becker, Carl A Pasurka, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:It remains an open question whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. Such differences might be expected because of statutory, enforcement, and/or compliance asymmetries. Here, we consider the net effect of these three asymmetries, by estimating the relationship between plant size and Pollution Abatement expenditures, using establishment-level data on U.S. manufacturers from the Census Bureau’s Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) surveys of 1974-1982, 1984-1986, 1988-1994, 1999, and 2005, combined with data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Census of Manufactures. We model establishments’ PAOC intensity - that is, their Pollution Abatement operating costs per unit of economic activity - as a function of establishment size, industry, and year. Our results show that PAOC intensity increases with establishment size. We also find that larger firms spend more per unit of output than do smaller firms.
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plant vintage technology and environmental regulation
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003Co-Authors: Wayne B Gray, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:Abstract We use data on productivity and Pollution Abatement costs at individual pulp and paper mills to test whether the impact of environmental regulation on productivity differs by plant vintage and technology. Plants with higher Pollution Abatement costs have significantly lower productivity levels. This relationship differs greatly based on a plant's technology, with productivity at integrated mills being greatly affected by Abatement costs, while the impact at non-integrated mills is negligible. Plant vintage does not seem to matter, with older and newer plants showing similar impacts. Reported Abatement costs appear to substantially understate the true costs of Abatement. Accounting for the impact of technology differences makes some difference in the estimated overall impact of environmental regulation.
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plant vintage technology and environmental regulation
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Wayne B Gray, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:Does the impact of environmental regulation differ by plant vintage and technology? We answer this question using annual Census Bureau information on 116 pulp and paper mills' vintage, technology, productivity, and Pollution Abatement operating costs for 1979-1990. We find a significant negative relationship between Pollution Abatement costs and productivity levels. This is due almost entirely to integrated mills (those incorporating a pulping process), where a one standard deviation increase in Abatement costs is predicted to reduce productivity by 5.4 percent. Older plants appear to have lower productivity but are less sensitive to Abatement costs, perhaps due to 'grandfathering' of regulations. Mills which undergo renovations are also less sensitive to Abatement costs, although these vintage and renovation results are not generally significant. We find similar results using a log-linear version of a three input Cobb-Douglas production function in which we include our technology, vintage, and renovation variables. Sample calculations of the impact of Pollution Abatement on productivity show the importance of allowing for differences based on plant technology. In a model incorporating technology interactions we estimate that total Pollution Abatement costs reduce productivity levels by an average of 4.7 percent across all the plants. The comparable estimate without technology interactions is 3.3 percent, approximately 30% lower.
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environmental regulation and manufacturing productivity at the plant level
Research Papers in Economics, 1993Co-Authors: Wayne B Gray, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:This paper presents results for an analysis of plant-level data from three manufacturing industries (paper, oil, and steel). We combine productivity data from the Longitudinal Research Database ( LRD ) with Pollution Abatement expenditures from the Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Cost and Expenditures (PACE) survey, as well as regulatory measures taken from datasets maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency. We use data from 1979 to 1985, considering both labor and total factor productivity, both levels and growth rates, and both annual measures and averages over the period. We find a strong connection between regulation and productivity when regulation is measured by compliance costs. More regulated plants have significantly lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth rates than less regulated plants. The magnitude of the impacts are larger than expected: a $1 increase in compliance costs appears to reduce TFP by the equivalent of $3 to $4. Thus, commonly used methods of calculating the impact of regulation on productivity are substantially underestimated. These results are generally consistent across industries and for different estimation methods. Our other measures of regulation (compliance status, enforcement activity, and emissions) show much less consistent results. Higher enforcement, lower compliance, and higher emissions are generally associated with lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth, but the coefficients are rarely significant.
Randy A Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses evidence from the Pollution Abatement costs and expenditures survey
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Randy A Becker, Carl A Pasurka, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:This paper examines whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. We consider the net effect of statutory, enforcement, and compliance asymmetries by estimating the relationship between plant size and Pollution Abatement expenditures, using establishment-level data on U.S. manufacturers from the Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey and from its Annual Survey of Manufactures and Census of Manufactures. We model establishments' Pollution Abatement operating costs (PAOC) per unit of economic activity as a function of establishment size, industry, state, and year. Our results show that PAOC intensity increases with establishment and firm size.
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do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses evidence from the Pollution Abatement costs and expenditures survey
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Randy A Becker, Carl A Pasurka, Ronald J ShadbegianAbstract:It remains an open question whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. Such differences might be expected because of statutory, enforcement, and/or compliance asymmetries. Here, we consider the net effect of these three asymmetries, by estimating the relationship between plant size and Pollution Abatement expenditures, using establishment-level data on U.S. manufacturers from the Census Bureau’s Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) surveys of 1974-1982, 1984-1986, 1988-1994, 1999, and 2005, combined with data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Census of Manufactures. We model establishments’ PAOC intensity - that is, their Pollution Abatement operating costs per unit of economic activity - as a function of establishment size, industry, and year. Our results show that PAOC intensity increases with establishment size. We also find that larger firms spend more per unit of output than do smaller firms.
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air Pollution Abatement costs under the clean air act evidence from the pace survey
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Randy A BeckerAbstract:Abstract This paper uses establishment-level data from the US Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey to investigate the effects of the Clean Air Act and its amendments on the air Pollution Abatement (APA) capital expenditures and operating costs of manufacturing plants from 1979 to 1988. Results, based on some 90,000 observations, show that heavy emitters of the “criteria” air pollutants that were subject to more stringent regulation (due to county non-attainment of national ambient air quality standards) generally had higher APA expenditures, with estimates that imply hundreds of thousands of dollars of additional annual costs for the Abatement of a specific pollutant for the average affected plant. Establishment characteristics, such as the size of the facility, appear to affect the intensity of this regulation and enforcement. While this study validates the PACE data to a certain extent, potential limitations are also revealed. The findings of this paper support those of a number of recent studies.
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air Pollution Abatement costs under the clean air act evidence from the pace survey
Research Papers in Economics, 2001Co-Authors: Randy A BeckerAbstract:This paper uses establishment-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey to investigate the effects of air quality regulation on the air Pollution Abatement capital expenditures and operating costs of manufacturing plants from 1979-1988. Results, based on some 90,000 observations, show that heavy emitters of the “criteria” air pollutants (covered under the Clean Air Act) had significantly larger APA costs, and those subject to greater “local” regulation (due to county NAAQS non-attainment) had expenditures that were greater still. The local regulation of a particular air pollutant generally resulted in hundreds of thousands of dollars (or more) of additional costs, with larger establishments and capital expenditures disproportionately affected. Federal and state environmental standards appear to have played a notable role, particularly in industries producing chemicals, petroleum, primary metals, and nonmetallic minerals. The findings of this paper support those of several recent studies.
Shinji Kaneko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decomposition analysis of air Pollution Abatement in china empirical study for ten industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi, Shinji KanekoAbstract:Abstract This study analyzes the management of air pollutant substance in Chinese industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean divisia index is used to analyze changes in emissions of air pollutants with a focus on the following five factors: coal Pollution intensity (CPI), end-of-pipe treatment (EOP), the energy mix (EM), productive efficiency change (EFF), and production scale changes (PSC). Three pollutants are the main focus of this study: sulfur dioxide (SO2), dust, and soot. The novelty of this paper is focusing on the impact of the elimination policy on air Pollution management in China by type of industry using the scale merit effect for Pollution Abatement technology change. First, the increase in SO2 emissions from Chinese industrial sectors because of the increase in the production scale is demonstrated. However, the EOP equipment that induced this change and improvements in energy efficiency has prevented an increase in SO2 emissions that is commensurate with the increase in production. Second, soot emissions were successfully reduced and controlled in all industries except the steel industry between 1998 and 2009, even though the production scale expanded for these industries. This reduction was achieved through improvements in EOP technology and in energy efficiency. Dust emissions decreased by nearly 65% between 1998 and 2009 in the Chinese industrial sectors. This successful reduction in emissions was achieved by implementing EOP technology and Pollution prevention activities during the production processes, especially in the cement industry. Finally, Pollution prevention in the cement industry is shown to result from production technology development rather than scale merit.
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Decomposition analysis of air Pollution Abatement in China: Empirical study for ten industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi, Shinji KanekoAbstract:This study analyzes the management of air pollutant substance in Chinese industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean divisia index is used to analyze changes in emissions of air pollutants with a focus on the following five factors: coal Pollution intensity (CPI), end-of-pipe treatment (EOP), the energy mix (EM), productive efficiency change (EFF), and production scale changes (PSC). Three pollutants are the main focus of this study: sulfur dioxide (SO2), dust, and soot. The novelty of this paper is focusing on the impact of the elimination policy on air Pollution management in China by type of industry using the scale merit effect for Pollution Abatement technology change. First, the increase in SO2 emissions from Chinese industrial sectors because of the increase in the production scale is demonstrated. However, the EOP equipment that induced this change and improvements in energy efficiency has prevented an increase in SO2 emissions that is commensurate with the increase in production. Second, soot emissions were successfully reduced and controlled in all industries except the steel industry between 1998 and 2009, even though the production scale expanded for these industries. This reduction was achieved through improvements in EOP technology and in energy efficiency. Dust emissions decreased by nearly 65% between 1998 and 2009 in the Chinese industrial sectors. This successful reduction in emissions was achieved by implementing EOP technology and Pollution prevention activities during the production processes, especially in the cement industry. Finally, Pollution prevention in the cement industry is shown to result from production technology development rather than scale merit. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Shunsuke Managi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decomposition analysis of air Pollution Abatement in china empirical study for ten industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi, Shinji KanekoAbstract:Abstract This study analyzes the management of air pollutant substance in Chinese industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean divisia index is used to analyze changes in emissions of air pollutants with a focus on the following five factors: coal Pollution intensity (CPI), end-of-pipe treatment (EOP), the energy mix (EM), productive efficiency change (EFF), and production scale changes (PSC). Three pollutants are the main focus of this study: sulfur dioxide (SO2), dust, and soot. The novelty of this paper is focusing on the impact of the elimination policy on air Pollution management in China by type of industry using the scale merit effect for Pollution Abatement technology change. First, the increase in SO2 emissions from Chinese industrial sectors because of the increase in the production scale is demonstrated. However, the EOP equipment that induced this change and improvements in energy efficiency has prevented an increase in SO2 emissions that is commensurate with the increase in production. Second, soot emissions were successfully reduced and controlled in all industries except the steel industry between 1998 and 2009, even though the production scale expanded for these industries. This reduction was achieved through improvements in EOP technology and in energy efficiency. Dust emissions decreased by nearly 65% between 1998 and 2009 in the Chinese industrial sectors. This successful reduction in emissions was achieved by implementing EOP technology and Pollution prevention activities during the production processes, especially in the cement industry. Finally, Pollution prevention in the cement industry is shown to result from production technology development rather than scale merit.
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Decomposition analysis of air Pollution Abatement in China: Empirical study for ten industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi, Shinji KanekoAbstract:This study analyzes the management of air pollutant substance in Chinese industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean divisia index is used to analyze changes in emissions of air pollutants with a focus on the following five factors: coal Pollution intensity (CPI), end-of-pipe treatment (EOP), the energy mix (EM), productive efficiency change (EFF), and production scale changes (PSC). Three pollutants are the main focus of this study: sulfur dioxide (SO2), dust, and soot. The novelty of this paper is focusing on the impact of the elimination policy on air Pollution management in China by type of industry using the scale merit effect for Pollution Abatement technology change. First, the increase in SO2 emissions from Chinese industrial sectors because of the increase in the production scale is demonstrated. However, the EOP equipment that induced this change and improvements in energy efficiency has prevented an increase in SO2 emissions that is commensurate with the increase in production. Second, soot emissions were successfully reduced and controlled in all industries except the steel industry between 1998 and 2009, even though the production scale expanded for these industries. This reduction was achieved through improvements in EOP technology and in energy efficiency. Dust emissions decreased by nearly 65% between 1998 and 2009 in the Chinese industrial sectors. This successful reduction in emissions was achieved by implementing EOP technology and Pollution prevention activities during the production processes, especially in the cement industry. Finally, Pollution prevention in the cement industry is shown to result from production technology development rather than scale merit. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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environmental productivity and kuznets curve in india
Ecological Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Shunsuke Managi, Pradyot Ranjan JenaAbstract:Abstract As a result of India's extremely rapid economic growth, the scale and seriousness of environmental problems are no longer in doubt. Whether Pollution Abatement technologies are utilized more efficiently is crucial in the analysis of environmental management because it influences the cost of alternative production and Pollution Abatement technologies. In this study, we use state-level industry data of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and suspended particular matter over the period 1991–2003. Employing recently developed productivity measurement technique, we show that overall environmental productivities decrease over time in India. Furthermore, we analyze the determinants of environmental productivities and find environmental Kuznets curve type relationship existences between environmental productivity and income. Panel analysis results show that the scale effect dominates over the technique effect. Therefore, a combined effect of income on environmental productivity is negative.
Pierreandre Jouvet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental innovation and the cost of Pollution Abatement revisited
LIDAM Reprints CORE, 2009Co-Authors: Thierry Brechet, Pierreandre JouvetAbstract:It is widely assumed in the literature that environmental innovation reduces the marginal cost of Pollution Abatement. In this paper we show that this is not necessarily the case and we provide some unexpected outcomes. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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environmental innovation and the cost of Pollution Abatement revisited
Ecological Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Thierry Brechet, Pierreandre JouvetAbstract:It is widely assumed in the literature that environmental innovation reduces the marginal cost of Pollution Abatement. In this paper we show that this is not necessarily the case and we provide some unexpected outcomes.
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environmental innovation and the cost of Pollution Abatement
Third World Congress in Environmental Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Thierry Brechet, Pierreandre JouvetAbstract:The impact of environmental innovation on the marginal Pollution Abatement cost at the firm level is investigated. We show that the common assumption that innovation reduces the marginal Abatement cost is wrong. We draw some implications about the incentives to innovate under environmental regulation. In particular, we find that adopting an environmental friendly technology may lead to more Pollution and less profit at the firm level.
