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Richard G White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency comparing long duration sexually transmitted infection prevalence using simulated sexual networks
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Rhian Daniel, Katie Obrien, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective To compare the effects of Polygyny (only men can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per capita partnership incidence and per capita number of sex acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% CI 15 to 23) compared to gender symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16 to 23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10 to 17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5 to 11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency: comparing long-duration STI prevalence using simulated sexual networks
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie O'brien, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Rhian M Daniel, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective To compare the effects of Polygyny (only males can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration STIs using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per-capita partnership incidence and per-capita number of sex-acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of HSV2 and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% confidence interval= 15-23) compared to gender-symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16-23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10-17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5-11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie O'brien, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Rhian Daniel, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective: To compare the effects of Polygyny (only men can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods: We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per capita partnership incidence and per capita number of sex acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results: Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% CI 15 to 23) compared to gender symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16 to 23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10 to 17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5 to 11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions: Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
Hanan G Jacoby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the economics of Polygyny in sub saharan africa female productivity and the demand for wives in cote d ivoire
Journal of Political Economy, 1995Co-Authors: Hanan G JacobyAbstract:This paper makes the first attempt to link African polygny directly to the productivity of women in agriculture using micro data. The author develops a structural model of the demand for wives that disentangles wealth and substitution effects. Using a large household survey from the Ivory Coast, the author finds that marked geographic diversity in cropping patterns leads to regional variation in female labor productivity. The author also finds that, conditional on wealth, men do have more wives when women are more productive, that is, cheaper. This substitution effect may explain why Polygyny declined in rural areas of the Ivory Coast during agricultural development. Copyright 1995 by University of Chicago Press.
Tin Cheuk Leung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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why is Polygyny more prevalent in western africa an african slave trade perspective
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2014Co-Authors: John T Dalton, Tin Cheuk LeungAbstract:Polygyny rates are higher in western Africa than in eastern Africa. The African slave trades help explain this difference. More male slaves were exported in the transatlantic slave trades from western Africa, while more female slaves were exported in the Indian Ocean slave trades from eastern Africa. The slave trades led to prolonged periods of abnormal sex ratios, which affected the rates of Polygyny across Africa. In order to assess these claims, we present evidence from a variety of sources. We find that the transatlantic slave trades have a positive correlation with historical levels of Polygyny across African ethnic groups. We also construct an ethnic group level data set linking current rates of Polygyny with historical trade flow data from the transatlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades. We find that the transatlantic slave trades cause Polygyny at the ethnic group level, while the Indian Ocean slave trades do not. We provide cross-country evidence corroborating our findings.
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why is Polygyny more prevalent in western africa an african slave trade perspective
MPRA Paper, 2011Co-Authors: John T Dalton, Tin Cheuk LeungAbstract:Polygyny rates are higher in Western Africa than in Eastern Africa. The African slave trades explain this difference. More male slaves were exported in the trans-Atlantic slave trades from Western Africa, while more female slaves were exported in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea slave trades from Eastern Africa. The slave trades led to prolonged periods of abnormal sex ratios, which impacted the rates of Polygyny across Africa. In order to assess these claims, we construct a unique ethnicity-level data set linking current rates of Polygyny with historical trade flow data from the African slave trades. Our OLS estimates show a positive correlation between the trans-Atlantic slave trades and Polygyny. An IV approach shows the relationship is causal and statistically signicant. We also provide cross-country evidence corroborating our findings.
Shalini Santhakumaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency comparing long duration sexually transmitted infection prevalence using simulated sexual networks
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Rhian Daniel, Katie Obrien, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective To compare the effects of Polygyny (only men can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per capita partnership incidence and per capita number of sex acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% CI 15 to 23) compared to gender symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16 to 23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10 to 17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5 to 11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency: comparing long-duration STI prevalence using simulated sexual networks
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie O'brien, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Rhian M Daniel, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective To compare the effects of Polygyny (only males can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration STIs using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per-capita partnership incidence and per-capita number of sex-acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of HSV2 and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% confidence interval= 15-23) compared to gender-symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16-23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10-17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5-11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
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Polygyny and symmetric concurrency
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2010Co-Authors: Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie O'brien, Roel Bakker, Toby Ealden, Leigh Anne Shafer, Ruth Chapman, Richard J Hayes, Rhian Daniel, Richard G WhiteAbstract:Objective: To compare the effects of Polygyny (only men can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using a dynamic stochastic network model. Methods: We modelled two pairs of scenarios: Polygyny and gender symmetry at higher and lower levels of network concurrency (measured by the average number of concurrent partnerships per partnership). The same level of sexual activity was modelled in all scenarios (measured by mean per capita partnership incidence and per capita number of sex acts). Partnership duration and network concurrency were constant within each of the Polygyny/symmetry pairs. Infections that mimicked characteristics of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and HIV were introduced onto the networks separately. The mean prevalence 100 years after introduction for the HSV2-like infection and 30 years after introduction for the HIV-like infection were calculated over 1000 model iterations. Results: Prevalence of both simulated STIs was significantly lower in the Polygyny scenarios than in the symmetry scenarios. At lower concurrency, Polygyny resulted in a relative reduction in HSV2-like infection prevalence of 19% (95% CI 15 to 23) compared to gender symmetry. At higher concurrency Polygyny led to a relative reduction of 20% (16 to 23). The relative reduction in prevalence of the HIV-like infection after 30 years was 14% (10 to 17) at lower concurrency and 8% (5 to 11) at higher concurrency. Conclusions: Polygyny can result in lower STI prevalence compared to populations where both genders practise concurrency. Further work is required to explore whether this reduction is observed when modelling more realistic populations and infection characteristics.
Claudie Doums - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serial Polygyny and colony genetic structure in the monogynous queenless ant diacamma cyaneiventre
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2001Co-Authors: Jeanbaptiste Andre, Christian Peeters, Claudie DoumsAbstract:Serial Polygyny, defined as the temporal succession of several reproductive females in a colony, occurs in some monogynous social insects and has so far attracted little attention. Diacamma cyaneiventre is a queenless ponerine ant found in the south of India. Colonies are headed by one singly mated worker, the gamergate. After the death of the gamergate or her absence following colony fission, the gamergate is replaced by a newly eclosed nestmate worker. After a replacement, colonies go through short-lived periods in which two matrilines of sisters co-occur. This is a situation which can be described as serial Polygyny. To measure the consequences of serial Polygyny, a genetic analysis was performed on 449 workers from 46 colonies of D. cyaneiventre using five microsatellite loci. The presence of more than one matriline among workers of the same nest was detected in 19% of colonies, indicating a recent change of gamergate. The average genetic relatedness among nestmate workers was 0.751 and did not significantly differ from the theoretical expectation under strict monogyny and monandry (0.75). A simple analytical model of the temporal dynamics of serial Polygyny was developed in order to interpret these results. We show that the rate of gamergate turnover relative to the rate of worker turnover is the crucial parameter determining the level of serial Polygyny and its effect on the genetic structure of colonies. This parameter, estimated from our data, confirms that serial Polygyny occurs in D. cyaneiventre but is not strong enough to influence significantly the average genetic relatedness among workers.
