The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Simin Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diet and risk of type ii diabetes the role of types of Fat and carbohydrate
    Diabetologia, 2001
    Co-Authors: R M Van Dam, Simin Liu
    Abstract:

    Although diet and nutrition are widely believed to play an important part in the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, specific dietary factors have not been clearly defined. Much controversy exists about the relations between the amount and types of dietary Fat and carbohydrate and the risk of diabetes. In this article, we review in detail the current evidence regarding the associations between different types of Fats and carbohydrates and insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Our findings indicate that a higher intake of Polyunsaturated Fat and possibly long-chain n-3 Fatty acids could be beneficial, whereas a higher intake of saturated Fat and trans-Fat could adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In dietary practice, exchanging nonhydrogenated Polyunsaturated Fat for saturated and trans-Fatty acids could appreciably reduce risk of Type II diabetes. In addition, a low-glycaemic index diet with a higher amount of fiber and minimally processed whole grain products reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and lowers the risk of Type II diabetes. Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of Fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.

D.a. De Luis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ROLE OF RS9939609 FTO GENE VARIANT IN WEIGHT LOSS, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS AFTER A HIGH MONOUNSATURATED VS A HIGH Polyunsaturated Fat HYPOCALORIC DIETS.
    Nutricion hospitalaria, 2015
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, David Pacheco
    Abstract:

    Introduction: common polymorphisms (rs9939609) of the Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity. Objectives: our aim was to investigate the role of this polymorphism on insulin resistance, metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: a sample of 233 obese subjects was enrolled in a prospective way. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to; Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) or Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results: after treatment with two diets and in both genotypes, weight, Fat mass and waist circumference decreased. Lower levels of body mass index (BMI), weight and Fat mass were detected after Diet P in A allele carriers than TT genotype subjects. With the diet type P and in both genotypes (TT and AT + AA), total cholesterol levels (-15.3 + 35.1 mg/dl vs -11.6 + 32.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) and LDL cholesterol levels (-11.5 + 34.1 mg/dl vs -8.5 + 30.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) decreased. In A allele carriers a significant decreased was detected in insulin levels (-2.8 + 2.1 UI/L vs -1.3 + 8.0 UI/L: p 0.05), too. With the diet M and in both genotype groups, leptin levels (-8.0 + 17.1 ng/ ml vs -4.9 + 18.7 ng/ml: p > 0.05) decreased. Conclusiones: metabolic improvement secondary to weight loss was better in A carriers with a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet.

  • Effect of a high monounsaturated vs high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.
    European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rocío Aller, D.a. De Luis, Olatz Izaola, B. De La Fuente, Rosario Bachiller
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Hyperaminotrans - ferase is an important problem in obese patients. We decide to examine the changes in h yper - aminotransferasemia after weight reduction in obese patients with and without NAFLD sec - ondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs. a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population of 306 obese patients was randomly allocated to two groups: Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) and Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Patients were classified as group I (obese subjects; n=262) when serum ALT activity was normal or group II (NAFLD patients; n=44)whenserumALTactivitywas(  43 UI/L). RESULTS: In NAFLD group with diet M, BMI, weight, Fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL choles - terol), insulin and HOMA-R decreased. In NAFLD group with diet P, BMI, weight, Fat mass, waist cir - cumference, systolic blood pressure, total choles - terol, LDL cholesterol), insulin and HOMA-R de - creased, too. In NAFLD group, alanine amino - transferase ((diet M) -20.3±19.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) - 14.2±20.1 UI/L), aspartate aminotransferase ((diet M) -11.3±12.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) -11.1±10.1 UI/L), and gammaglutamyl transferase ((diet M) - 18.1±12.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) -10.9±20.1 UI/L) im - proved with both diets. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that weight re - duction secondary to two hypocaloric diets was associated with improvement in hypertransami- nasemia and insulin resistance in NAFLD pa - tients.

  • Genetic Variation in the Beta 3-Adrenoreceptor Gene (Trp64Arg Polymorphism) and Its Influence on Anthropometric Parameters and Insulin Resistance Under a High Monounsaturated versus a High Polyunsaturated Fat Hypocaloric Diet
    Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2013
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, Rosa Conde, J.m. Eiros Bouza
    Abstract:

    Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the role of Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat versus a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Material and Methods: A population of 260 obese subjects was analyzed. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated for 3 months to either diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) or diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results: There were no significant differences between the positive effects (on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, Fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With diet P and in genotype Trp64Trp, glucose levels (-6.7 ± 12.1 vs. -1.2 ± 2.2 mg/dl; p Conclusion: The metabolic effect of weight reduction by the two hypocaloric diets is greatest in subjects with the normal homozygous beta 3-AR gene. Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and HOMA-R levels were better than in the heterozygous group.

  • Role of G308 promoter variant of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene on weight loss and metabolic parameters after a high monounsaturated versus a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets
    Medicina clinica, 2013
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, Manuel Gonzalez Sagrado, Rosa Conde
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background and objective The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of G-308 promoter variant of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Patients and method A sample of 261 obese subjects were enrolled in a consecutive prospective way, from May 2011 to July 2012 in a tertiary hospital. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) and Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results One hundred and ninety seven patients (73.2%) had the genotype G-308G and 64 (26.8%) patients had the genotype G-308A. There were no significant differences between the effects (on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, Fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With the diet type P and in genotype G-308G, glucose levels (−6.7(22.1) mg/dl vs −3.7(2.2) mg/dl: p  = 0.02), HOMA-R (−0.6(2.1) units vs −0.26(3.1) units: p  = 0.01), insulin levels (−1.7(6.6) UI/L vs −0.6(7.1) UI/L: p  = 0.009), total cholesterol levels (−15.3(31.1) mg/dl vs −8.4(22.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.01), LDL cholesterol levels (−10.7(28.1) mg/dl vs −3.8(21.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.008) and triglycerides (−12.1(52.1) mg/dl vs −6.6(43.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.02) decreased. Conclusion Carriers of the G-308G promoter variant of TNF alpha gene have a better metabolic response than A-308 obese with a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet.

  • Genetic variation in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) (G1359A polymorphism) and their influence on anthropometric parameters and metabolic parameters under a high monounsaturated vs. high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets.
    The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, Manuel Gonzalez Sagrado, Rosa Conde, Beatriz De La Fuente
    Abstract:

    An intragenic polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations (rs1049353). Intervention studies with this polymorphism have yield contradictories results. We decide to investigate the role of polymorphism (G1359A) of (CNR1) gene on metabolic parameters and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat and high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets in obese subjects. A population of 258 obese subjects was analyzed in a randomized trial. A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 3-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet M: high monounsaturated Fat diet vs diet P: high Polyunsaturated Fat diet). One hundred and sixty five patients (63.9%) had the genotype G1359G and 93 (36.1%) patients (A allele carriers) had G1359A (78 patients,30.3%) or A1359A (15 patients,5.8%) genotypes. In subjects with both genotypes, body mass index, weight, Fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressures decreased with both diets. With the diet-type M and in both genotype groups, biochemical parameters remained unchanged. After the diet type P and in subjects with both genotypes, glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased. In G1359G genotype subjects after both diets, leptin levels decreased. The finding of this study is the association of the A allele with a lack of improvement on leptin levels. Subjects with both genotypes and after a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet showed a significant improvement of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR and insulin levels.

Dariush Mozaffarian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of saturated Fat Polyunsaturated Fat monounsaturated Fat and carbohydrate on glucose insulin homeostasis a systematic review and meta analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials
    PLOS Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fumiaki Imamura, Renata Micha, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto, Fadar Oliver Otite, Ajibola I Abioye, Dariush Mozaffarian
    Abstract:

    Background Effects of major dietary macronutrients on glucose-insulin homeostasis remain controversial and may vary by the clinical measures examined. We aimed to assess how saturated Fat (SFA), monounsaturated Fat (MUFA), Polyunsaturated Fat (PUFA), and carbohydrate affect key metrics of glucose-insulin homeostasis. Methods and Findings We systematically searched multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, BIOSIS, Web-of-Knowledge, CAB, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SIGLE, Faculty1000) for randomised controlled feeding trials published by 26 Nov 2015 that tested effects of macronutrient intake on blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in adults aged ≥18 years. We excluded trials with non-isocaloric comparisons and trials providing dietary advice or supplements rather than meals. Studies were reviewed and data extracted independently in duplicate. Among 6,124 abstracts, 102 trials, including 239 diet arms and 4,220 adults, met eligibility requirements. Using multiple-treatment meta-regression, we estimated dose-response effects of isocaloric replacements between SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and carbohydrate, adjusted for protein, trans Fat, and dietary fibre. Replacing 5% energy from carbohydrate with SFA had no significant effect on fasting glucose (+0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI = -0.01, +0.04; n trials = 99), but lowered fasting insulin (-1.1 pmol/L; -1.7, -0.5; n = 90). Replacing carbohydrate with MUFA lowered HbA1c (-0.09%; -0.12, -0.05; n = 23), 2 h post-challenge insulin (-20.3 pmol/L; -32.2, -8.4; n = 11), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-2.4%; -4.6, -0.3; n = 30). Replacing carbohydrate with PUFA significantly lowered HbA1c (-0.11%; -0.17, -0.05) and fasting insulin (-1.6 pmol/L; -2.8, -0.4). Replacing SFA with PUFA significantly lowered glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, and HOMA. Based on gold-standard acute insulin response in ten trials, PUFA significantly improved insulin secretion capacity (+0.5 pmol/L/min; 0.2, 0.8) whether replacing carbohydrate, SFA, or even MUFA. No significant effects of any macronutrient replacements were observed for 2 h post-challenge glucose or insulin sensitivity (minimal-model index). Limitations included a small number of trials for some outcomes and potential issues of blinding, compliance, generalisability, heterogeneity due to unmeasured factors, and publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials provides evidence that dietary macronutrients have diverse effects on glucose-insulin homeostasis. In comparison to carbohydrate, SFA, or MUFA, most consistent favourable effects were seen with PUFA, which was linked to improved glycaemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion capacity.

  • abstract 003 effects of saturated Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated Fat on blood glucose insulin sensitivity and 2 cell function a systematic review and meta analysis of 84 randomized controlled feeding trials
    Circulation, 2013
    Co-Authors: Fumiaki Imamura, Renata Micha, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto, Fadar Oliver Otite, Ajibola I Abioye, Dariush Mozaffarian
    Abstract:

    Background: Effects of saturated Fat (SFA), monounsaturated Fat (MUFA), and Polyunsaturated Fat (PUFA) on blood glucose, insulin sensitivity (IS), and β cell function are not well established. Aim:...

  • effects on coronary heart disease of increasing Polyunsaturated Fat in place of saturated Fat a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
    PLOS Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Renata Micha, Sarah K Wallace
    Abstract:

    Background: Reduced saturated Fat (SFA) consumption is recommended to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is an absence of strong supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of clinical CHD events and few guidelines focus on any specific replacement nutrient. Additionally, some public health groups recommend lowering or limiting Polyunsaturated Fat (PUFA) consumption, a major potential replacement for SFA. Methods and Findings: We systematically investigated and quantified the effects of increased PUFA consumption, as a replacement for SFA, on CHD endpoints in RCTs. RCTs were identified by systematic searches of multiple online databases through June 2009, grey literature sources, hand-searching related articles and citations, and direct contacts with experts to identify potentially unpublished trials. Studies were included if they randomized participants to increased PUFA for at least 1 year without major concomitant interventions, had an appropriate control group, and reported incidence of CHD (myocardial infarction and/or cardiac death). Inclusions/exclusions were adjudicated and data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two investigators and included population characteristics, control and intervention diets, follow-up duration, types of events, risk ratios, and SEs. Pooled effects were calculated using inverse-variance-weighted random effects meta-analysis. From 346 identified abstracts, eight trials met inclusion criteria, totaling 13,614 participants with 1,042 CHD events. Average weighted PUFA consumption was 14.9% energy (range 8.0%–20.7%) in intervention groups versus 5.0% energy (range 4.0%–6.4%) in controls. The overall pooled risk reduction was 19% (RR=0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.95, p=0.008), corresponding to 10% reduced CHD risk (RR=0.90, 95% CI=0.83–0.97) for each 5% energy of increased PUFA, without evidence for statistical heterogeneity (Q-statistic p=0.13; I 2 =37%). Meta-regression identified study duration as an independent determinant of risk reduction (p=0.017), with studies of longer duration showing greater benefits. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that consuming PUFA in place of SFA reduces CHD events in RCTs. This suggests that rather than trying to lower PUFA consumption, a shift toward greater population PUFA consumption in place of SFA would significantly reduce rates of CHD. Please see later in the article for the Editors’ Summary.

Olatz Izaola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ROLE OF RS9939609 FTO GENE VARIANT IN WEIGHT LOSS, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS AFTER A HIGH MONOUNSATURATED VS A HIGH Polyunsaturated Fat HYPOCALORIC DIETS.
    Nutricion hospitalaria, 2015
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, David Pacheco
    Abstract:

    Introduction: common polymorphisms (rs9939609) of the Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity. Objectives: our aim was to investigate the role of this polymorphism on insulin resistance, metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: a sample of 233 obese subjects was enrolled in a prospective way. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to; Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) or Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results: after treatment with two diets and in both genotypes, weight, Fat mass and waist circumference decreased. Lower levels of body mass index (BMI), weight and Fat mass were detected after Diet P in A allele carriers than TT genotype subjects. With the diet type P and in both genotypes (TT and AT + AA), total cholesterol levels (-15.3 + 35.1 mg/dl vs -11.6 + 32.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) and LDL cholesterol levels (-11.5 + 34.1 mg/dl vs -8.5 + 30.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) decreased. In A allele carriers a significant decreased was detected in insulin levels (-2.8 + 2.1 UI/L vs -1.3 + 8.0 UI/L: p 0.05), too. With the diet M and in both genotype groups, leptin levels (-8.0 + 17.1 ng/ ml vs -4.9 + 18.7 ng/ml: p > 0.05) decreased. Conclusiones: metabolic improvement secondary to weight loss was better in A carriers with a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet.

  • Original / Síndrome metabólico Role of rs9939609 FTO gene variant in weight loss, insulin resistance and metabolic parameters after a high monounsaturated vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets
    2015
    Co-Authors: Daniel Antonio De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, David Pacheco
    Abstract:

    Introduction: common polymorphisms (rs9939609) of the Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity. Objectives: our aim was to investigate the role of this polymorphism on insulin resistance, metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: a sample of 233 obese subjects was enrolled in a prospective way. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to; Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) or Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results: after treatment with two diets and in both genotypes, weight, Fat mass and waist circumference decreased. Lower levels of body mass index (BMI), weight and Fat mass were detected after Diet P in A allele carriers than TT genotype subjects. With the diet type P and in both genotypes (TT and AT + AA), total cholesterol levels (-15.3 + 35.1 mg/dl vs -11.6 + 32.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) and LDL cholesterol levels (-11.5 + 34.1 mg/dl vs -8.5 + 30.1 mg/dl: p > 0.05) decreased. In A allele carriers a significant decreased was detected in insulin levels (-2.8 + 2.1 UI/L vs -1.3 + 8.0 UI/L: p 0.05), too. With the diet M and in both genotype groups, leptin levels (-8.0 + 17.1 ng/ ml vs -4.9 + 18.7 ng/ml: p > 0.05) decreased.

  • Effect of a high monounsaturated vs high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.
    European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rocío Aller, D.a. De Luis, Olatz Izaola, B. De La Fuente, Rosario Bachiller
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Hyperaminotrans - ferase is an important problem in obese patients. We decide to examine the changes in h yper - aminotransferasemia after weight reduction in obese patients with and without NAFLD sec - ondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs. a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population of 306 obese patients was randomly allocated to two groups: Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) and Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Patients were classified as group I (obese subjects; n=262) when serum ALT activity was normal or group II (NAFLD patients; n=44)whenserumALTactivitywas(  43 UI/L). RESULTS: In NAFLD group with diet M, BMI, weight, Fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL choles - terol), insulin and HOMA-R decreased. In NAFLD group with diet P, BMI, weight, Fat mass, waist cir - cumference, systolic blood pressure, total choles - terol, LDL cholesterol), insulin and HOMA-R de - creased, too. In NAFLD group, alanine amino - transferase ((diet M) -20.3±19.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) - 14.2±20.1 UI/L), aspartate aminotransferase ((diet M) -11.3±12.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) -11.1±10.1 UI/L), and gammaglutamyl transferase ((diet M) - 18.1±12.2 UI/L vs. (diet P) -10.9±20.1 UI/L) im - proved with both diets. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that weight re - duction secondary to two hypocaloric diets was associated with improvement in hypertransami- nasemia and insulin resistance in NAFLD pa - tients.

  • Genetic Variation in the Beta 3-Adrenoreceptor Gene (Trp64Arg Polymorphism) and Its Influence on Anthropometric Parameters and Insulin Resistance Under a High Monounsaturated versus a High Polyunsaturated Fat Hypocaloric Diet
    Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2013
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, Rosa Conde, J.m. Eiros Bouza
    Abstract:

    Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the role of Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat versus a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Material and Methods: A population of 260 obese subjects was analyzed. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated for 3 months to either diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) or diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results: There were no significant differences between the positive effects (on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, Fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With diet P and in genotype Trp64Trp, glucose levels (-6.7 ± 12.1 vs. -1.2 ± 2.2 mg/dl; p Conclusion: The metabolic effect of weight reduction by the two hypocaloric diets is greatest in subjects with the normal homozygous beta 3-AR gene. Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and HOMA-R levels were better than in the heterozygous group.

  • Role of G308 promoter variant of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene on weight loss and metabolic parameters after a high monounsaturated versus a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diets
    Medicina clinica, 2013
    Co-Authors: D.a. De Luis, Rocío Aller, Olatz Izaola, Manuel Gonzalez Sagrado, Rosa Conde
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background and objective The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of G-308 promoter variant of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated Fat vs a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Patients and method A sample of 261 obese subjects were enrolled in a consecutive prospective way, from May 2011 to July 2012 in a tertiary hospital. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to Diet M (high monounsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet) and Diet P (high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet). Results One hundred and ninety seven patients (73.2%) had the genotype G-308G and 64 (26.8%) patients had the genotype G-308A. There were no significant differences between the effects (on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, Fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With the diet type P and in genotype G-308G, glucose levels (−6.7(22.1) mg/dl vs −3.7(2.2) mg/dl: p  = 0.02), HOMA-R (−0.6(2.1) units vs −0.26(3.1) units: p  = 0.01), insulin levels (−1.7(6.6) UI/L vs −0.6(7.1) UI/L: p  = 0.009), total cholesterol levels (−15.3(31.1) mg/dl vs −8.4(22.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.01), LDL cholesterol levels (−10.7(28.1) mg/dl vs −3.8(21.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.008) and triglycerides (−12.1(52.1) mg/dl vs −6.6(43.1) mg/dl: p  = 0.02) decreased. Conclusion Carriers of the G-308G promoter variant of TNF alpha gene have a better metabolic response than A-308 obese with a high Polyunsaturated Fat hypocaloric diet.

Janet K. Sawyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dietary Fat induced alterations in atherosclerosis are abolished by acat2 deficiency in apob100 only ldlr mice
    Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Thomas A. Bell, Martha D. Wilson, Kathryn Kelley, Janet K. Sawyer
    Abstract:

    Objectives— The enzyme acyl-coenzymeA (CoA):cholesterol O-acyl trans ferase 2 (ACAT2) in the liver synthesizes cholesteryl esters (CE) from cholesterol and Fatty acyl-CoA, which get incorporated into apoB-containing lipoproteins that are secreted into the bloodstream. Dietary Fatty acid composition influences the amount and Fatty acid composition of CE within apoB-containing lipoproteins. We hypothesized that when ACAT2 activity is removed by gene deletion, hepatic CE synthesis and secretion would be minimal and, as a result, dietary Fat-related differences in atherosclerosis would be eliminated. Methods and Results— Groups of female apoB100 only, LDLr −/− mice with and without ACAT2 were fed diets enriched in either ω-3 or ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fat, saturated Fat, and cis or trans monounsaturated Fat. After 20 weeks on diet, mice fed diets enriched in monounsaturated or saturated Fat exhibited significantly higher amounts of plasma cholesterol, larger LDL particles enriched in monounsaturated CE, and more atherosclerosis than mice fed Polyunsaturated Fat. The dietary Fat-induced shifts in plasma cholesterol, LDL size, LDL CE composition, and atherosclerosis were not observed in ACAT2 −/− mice. Regardless of the diet fed, the ACAT2 −/− mice were protected from atherosclerosis. Conclusions— The results indicate that in apoB100 only, LDLr −/− mice, ACAT2 plays an essential role in facilitating dietary Fat type–specific atherosclerosis through its various effects on plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition.

  • Dietary Fat–Induced Alterations in Atherosclerosis Are Abolished by ACAT2-Deficiency in ApoB100 Only, LDLr−/− Mice
    Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Thomas A. Bell, Martha D. Wilson, Kathryn Kelley, Janet K. Sawyer
    Abstract:

    Objectives— The enzyme acyl-coenzymeA (CoA):cholesterol O-acyl trans ferase 2 (ACAT2) in the liver synthesizes cholesteryl esters (CE) from cholesterol and Fatty acyl-CoA, which get incorporated into apoB-containing lipoproteins that are secreted into the bloodstream. Dietary Fatty acid composition influences the amount and Fatty acid composition of CE within apoB-containing lipoproteins. We hypothesized that when ACAT2 activity is removed by gene deletion, hepatic CE synthesis and secretion would be minimal and, as a result, dietary Fat-related differences in atherosclerosis would be eliminated. Methods and Results— Groups of female apoB100 only, LDLr −/− mice with and without ACAT2 were fed diets enriched in either ω-3 or ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fat, saturated Fat, and cis or trans monounsaturated Fat. After 20 weeks on diet, mice fed diets enriched in monounsaturated or saturated Fat exhibited significantly higher amounts of plasma cholesterol, larger LDL particles enriched in monounsaturated CE, and more atherosclerosis than mice fed Polyunsaturated Fat. The dietary Fat-induced shifts in plasma cholesterol, LDL size, LDL CE composition, and atherosclerosis were not observed in ACAT2 −/− mice. Regardless of the diet fed, the ACAT2 −/− mice were protected from atherosclerosis. Conclusions— The results indicate that in apoB100 only, LDLr −/− mice, ACAT2 plays an essential role in facilitating dietary Fat type–specific atherosclerosis through its various effects on plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition.

  • Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fat increases the fractional catabolic rate of medium-sized HDL particles in African green monkeys
    Journal of lipid research, 2001
    Co-Authors: Kevin W. Huggins, Janet K. Sawyer, Kathryn Kelley, Lawrence L. Rudel, Perry L. Colvin, Ellen R. Burleson, P. Hugh R. Barrett, John S. Parks
    Abstract:

    We have previously described a novel pathway for the metabolism of HDL subfractions in which small (2 apolipo- protein (apoA-I) molecules per particle) HDL particles are converted in a unidirectional manner outside the plasma com- partment to medium (3 apoA-I molecules per particle) or large (4 apoA-I molecules per particle) HDL particles, which are sub- sequently removed from the circulation by the liver (Colvin et al. 1999. J. Lipid Res. 40: 1782-1792; Huggins et al. 2000. J. Lipid Res. 41: 384-394). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the reduction in concentration of me- dium HDL in African green monkeys consuming n-3 polyunsat- urated versus saturated Fat diets resulted from decreased in vivo production or increased catabolism. Tracer small LpA-I (HDL containing only apoA-I) were isolated, without ultracen- trifugation, by gel filtration and immunoaffinity chromatogra- phy and radiolabeled. After injection, the specific activity of apoA-I in small, medium, and large HDL was determined, and the kinetic data were analyzed using our previously published multicompartmental model for HDL subfraction metabolism. We found a significant reduction of apoA-I concentration in me- dium HDL in the animals fed n-3 Polyunsaturated Fat (31.2 � 0.7 mg/dl) compared with animals fed saturated Fat (85.4 � 11.9 mg/dl; P � 0.002). The production rates of apoA-I in small, medium, and large HDL were similar in both diet groups; how- ever, there was a significant increase in the fractional catabolic rate of apoA-I in medium HDL in the animals fed n-3 polyun- saturated Fat (2.188 � 0.501 pools/day) compared with ani- mals fed saturated Fat (0.714 � 0.191 pools/day; P � 0.02). We conclude that n-3 Polyunsaturated Fat reduces HDL choles- terol concentration by increasing the fractional catabolic rate of medium-sized HDL particles in African green monkeys. — Huggins, K. W., P. L. Colvin, E. R. Burleson, K. Kelley, J. K. Sawyer, P. H. R. Barrett, L. L. Rudel, and J. S. Parks. Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fat increases the fractional catabolic rate of medium-sized HDL particles in African green monkeys. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 1457-1466.

  • Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat modifies low-density lipoproteins and reduces atherosclerosis of nonhuman primates with high and low diet responsiveness
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1995
    Co-Authors: Lawrence L. Rudel, Janet K. Sawyer, Fred L. Johnson, M S Wilson, John S. Parks
    Abstract:

    We tested the hypothesis that an increased content of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids (principally linoleic acid) in an atherogenic diet of nonhuman primates would decrease atherosclerosis by modifying the composition and decreasing the concentration of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A species readily susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis (cynomolgus monkey) was compared with a less-susceptible species (African green monkey) with dietary cholesterol concentration and saturated or Polyunsaturated Fat (40% of energy) as variables. In both species, cholesterol concentrations in whole plasma, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were 20-30% lower when Polyunsaturated Fat was fed, whereas dietary cholesterol increased LDL cholesterol three- to fourfold. LDL was enriched in cholesteryl oleate when saturated Fat and cholesterol were fed. Dietary linoleic acid prevented cholesteryl oleate enrichment and promoted cholesteryl linoleate accumulation in LDL. At the same plasma cholesterol concentration, cynomolgus monkeys had higher LDL cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did African green monkeys. LDL particle size was significantly (P < 0.001) larger in the group of cynomolgus monkeys fed Polyunsaturated Fat but tended to be smaller in African green monkeys fed Polyunsaturated Fat. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat protected against coronary artery atherosclerosis in both species. Thus, LDL particle size, per se, was not atherogenic; instead, coronary artery atherosclerosis and cholesteryl oleate enrichment of LDL were more highly correlated. This outcome suggests that information about LDL composition may be more important for understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis than previously suspected.

  • Compared With Dietary Monounsaturated and Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat Protects African Green Monkeys From Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
    Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Lawrence L. Rudel, John S. Parks, Janet K. Sawyer
    Abstract:

    Atherogenic diets enriched in saturated, n-6 Polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated Fatty acids were fed to African green monkeys for 5 years to define effects on plasma lipoproteins and coronary artery atherosclerosis. The monkeys fed Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated Fat had similar plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol, and these values were significantly lower than for LDL in the animals fed saturated Fat. Plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were comparable in animals fed saturated and monounsaturated Fat and were significantly higher than in animals fed Polyunsaturated Fat. Thus, the monounsaturated Fat group had the lowest LDL/HDL ratio. LDL particle size was largest in the saturated and monounsaturated Fat groups, significantly larger than in the Polyunsaturated Fat group. LDL particle enrichment with cholesteryl oleate was the greatest in the animals fed monounsaturated Fat, next greatest in the saturated Fat-fed animals, and was least in the Polyunsaturated Fat-fed animals. Coronary artery atherosclerosis as measured by intimal area was less in the Polyunsaturated Fat compared with the saturated Fat groups, was less in the animals fed Polyunsaturated Fat compared with the monounsaturated Fat-fed animals, but did not differ between the monounsaturated and saturated Fat groups. Cholesteryl ester, particularly cholesteryl oleate, accumulation in the coronary arteries was also similar between groups fed monounsaturated and saturated Fat but was minimal in the animals fed Polyunsaturated Fat. In sum, the monkeys fed monounsaturated Fat developed equivalent amounts of coronary artery atherosclerosis as those fed saturated Fat, but monkeys fed Polyunsaturated Fat developed less. The beneficial effects of the lower LDL and higher HDL in the animals fed monounsaturated Fat apparently were offset by the atherogenic shifts in LDL particle composition. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat appears to result in the least amount of coronary artery atherosclerosis because it prevents cholesteryl oleate accumulation in LDL and the coronary arteries in these primates.