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Jari P. T. Valkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recombination and selection pressure in the iPomovirus sweet potato mild mottle virus potyviridae in wild species and cultivated sweetpotato in the centre of evolution in east africa
Journal of General Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Arthur K Tugume, S B Mukasa, Nisse Kalkkinen, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) is the type member of the genus IPomovirus (family Potyviridae). SPMMV occurs in cultivated sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas Lam.; Convolvulaceae) in East Africa, but its natural wild hosts are unknown. In this study, SPMMV was detected in 283 (9.8 %) of the 2864 wild plants (family Convolvulaceae) sampled from different agro-ecological zones of Uganda. The infected plants belonged to 21 species that were previously not known to be natural hosts of SPMMV. The size of the SPMMV coat protein (CP) was determined by Western blot analysis, N-terminal protein sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting. Data implicated a proteolytic cleavage site, VYVEPH/A, at the NIb/CP junction, resulting in a CP of approximately 35 kDa. Nearly complete sequences of 13 SPMMV isolates were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of non-recombinant CP-encoding sequences placed five isolates from wild species sampled in the central zone of Uganda into a separate cluster. Recombination events were detected in the 5'- and 3'-proximal parts of the genome, providing novel evidence of recombination in the genus IPomovirus. Thirteen amino acids in the N terminus of the P1 protein were under positive selection, whereas purifying selection was implicated for the HC-Pro-, P3-, 6K1- and CP-encoding regions. These data, supported by previous studies on iPomoviruses, provide indications of an evolutionary process in which the P1 proteinase responds to the needs of adaptation.
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cassava brown streak virus potyviridae encodes a putative maf ham1 pyrophosphatase implicated in reduction of mutations and a p1 proteinase that suppresses rna silencing but contains no hc pro
Journal of Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Yanping Tian, Deusdedith R Mbanzibwa, S B Mukasa, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:The complete positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV; genus IPomovirus ; Potyviridae ) was found to consist of 9,069 nucleotides and predicted to produce a polyprotein of 2,902 amino acids. It was lacking helper-component proteinase but contained a single P1 serine proteinase that strongly suppressed RNA silencing. Besides the exceptional structure of the 5′-proximal part of the genome, CBSV also contained a Maf/HAM1-like sequence (678 nucleotides, 226 amino acids) recombined between the replicase and coat protein domains in the 3′-proximal part of the genome, which is highly conserved in Potyviridae . HAM1 was flanked by consensus proteolytic cleavage sites for iPomovirus NIaPro cysteine proteinase. Homology of CBSV HAM1 with cellular Maf/HAM1 pyrophosphatases suggests that it may intercept noncanonical nucleoside triphosphates to reduce mutagenesis of viral RNA.
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genetically distinct strains of cassava brown streak virus in the lake victoria basin and the indian ocean coastal area of east africa
Archives of Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Deusdedith R Mbanzibwa, Yanping Tian, S B Mukasa, Fred Tairo, Arthur K Tugume, S Kyamanywa, A Kullaya, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:Six isolates of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV, genus IPomovirus; Potyviridae) from the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda and Tanzania were characterized. Virus particles were 650 nm long. The complete coat protein (CP)-encoding sequences (1,101 nucleotides, nt) were 90.7–99.5 and 93.7–99.5% identical at the nt and amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. The 3′ untranslated region was 225, 226 or 227 nt long. These eight isolates were only 75.8–77.5% (nt) and 87.0–89.9% (aa) identical when compared to the partial CP sequences (714 nt) of six CBSV isolates characterized previously from the costal lowlands of Tanzania and Mozambique. Hence, two genetically different and geographically separated populations of CSBV exist in East Africa.
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Detection of potato mop-top virus in potato tubers and sprouts: combinations of RNA2 and RNA3 variants and incidence of symptomless infections.
Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Satu Latvala-kilby, Asko Hannukkala, Johanna M. Aura, Neda Pupola, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:ABSTRACT Potato mop-top virus (PMTV, genus Pomovirus) causes severe quality problems by inducing necrotic arcs (spraing symptoms) in potato tubers. In this study, coat protein (CP) gene and read-through domain of RNA2 and 8K gene and 3′ untranslated region of RNA3 were characterized from 37 PMTV isolates detected in tubers from fields in Finland and a screenhouse in Latvia. Two distinguishable types of RNA2 and RNA3 were found, each showing only little genetic variability. Sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplicons indicated that the majority of PMTV isolates infecting tubers comprise restrictotypes RNA2-II and RNA3-B. The incidence of PMTV-infected tubers in 2006 (2007) was 55 (60), 33 (39), and 62 (68)% in cvs. Kardal, Saturna, and Nicola, respectively, grown in the same field in 2006 (2007). Incidence of PMTV-infected tubers that were symptomless was 100 (90)% in Kardal and 88 (44)% in Saturna, and also high in cvs. Bintje (95%) and Van Gogh ...
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Transient coexpression of individual genes encoded by the triple gene block of potato mop-top virus reveals requirements for TGBp1 trafficking.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2004Co-Authors: Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Eugene I. Savenkov, Maria Sandgren, Jari P. T. Valkonen, Andrey G. Solovyev, Anna Germundsson, Sergey Y. MorozovAbstract:TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3, three plant virus movement proteins encoded by the “triple gene block” (TGB), may act in concert to facilitate cell-to-cell transport of viral RNA genomes. Transient expression of Potato mop-top virus (genus Pomovirus) movement proteins was used as a model to reconstruct interactions between TGB proteins. In bombarded epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TGBp1 was distributed uniformly. However, in the presence of TGBp2 and TGBp3, GFP-TGBp1 was directed to intermediate bodies at the cell periphery, and to cell wall-embedded punctate bodies. Moreover, GFP-TGBp1 migrated into cells immediately adjacent to the bombarded cell. These data suggest that TGBp2 and TGBp3 mediate transport of GFP-TGBp1 to and through plasmodesmata. Mutagenesis of TGBp1 suggested that the NTPase and helicase activities of TGBp1 were not required for its transport to intermediate bodies directed by TGBp2 and TGBp3, but these activities were essential for the protein associ...
Eugene I. Savenkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unusual features of pomoviral RNA movement.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Lesley Torrance, Kathryn M. Wright, François Crutzen, Graham H. Cowan, Nina I. Lukhovitskaya, Claude Bragard, Eugene I. SavenkovAbstract:Potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV) is one of a few viruses that can move systemically in plants in the absence of the coat protein (CP). Pomoviruses encode the triple gene block genetic module of movement proteins (TGB 1, 2 & 3) and recent research suggests that PMTV RNA is transported either as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes containing TGB1 or encapsidated in virions containing TGB1. Furthermore, there are different requirements for local or systemic (long distance) movement. Research suggests that nucleolar passage of TGB1 may be important for the long distance movement of both RNP and virions. Moreover, and uniquely, the long distance movement of the CP-encoding RNA requires expression of both major and minor CP subunits and is inhibited when only the major CP sub unit is expressed. This paper reviews recent Pomovirus research and presents a current model for RNA movement.
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Reviewed by:
2011Co-Authors: Eugene I. Savenkov, Kathryn M. Wright, François Crutzen, Graham H. Cowan, Nina I. Lukhovitskaya, Claude Bragard, Michael Taliansky, The James Hutton, Lesley TorranceAbstract:Potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV) is one of a few viruses that can move systemically in plants in the absence of the capsid protein (CP). Pomoviruses encode the triple gene block genetic module of movement proteins (TGB 1, 2, and 3) and recent research suggests that PMTV RNA is transported either as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes containingTGB1 or encapsidated in virions containing TGB1. Furthermore, there are different requirements for local or systemic (long-distance) movement. Research suggests that nucleolar passage of TGB1 may be important for the long-distance movement of both RNP and virions. Moreover, and uniquely, the long-distance movement of the CP-encoding RNA requires expression of both major and minor CP subunits and is inhibited when only the major CP sub unit is expressed. This paper reviews Pomovirus research and presents a current model for RNA movement
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Plasmodesmal targeting and intercellular movement of potato mop-top Pomovirus is mediated by a membrane anchored tyrosine-based motif on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the TGB3 movement protei
Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Jens Tilsner, Eugene I. Savenkov, Graham H. Cowan, Alison G. Roberts, Sean Chapman, Angelika Ziegler, Lesley TorranceAbstract:Abstract Live-cell fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the third triple gene block protein (TGB3) of potato mop-top Pomovirus and its role in assisted targeting of TGB2 to plasmodesmata (PD). Wild-type and mutant TGB3 proteins were expressed under the control of the 35 S promoter or from a virus reporter clone. Assisted targeting of TGB2 to PD was optimal when the proteins were expressed from a bicistronic plasmid in the relative ratios expected in a virus infection, suggesting that excess TGB3 inhibited PD localisation. Contrary to the generally accepted view, bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that the TGB3 N terminus is located in the cytosol. Mutational analysis to dissect TGB3 sub domain functions showed that PD targeting was mediated by a composite signal comprising an ER-lumenal tyrosine-based motif and the C-terminal transmembrane domain. Mutation of either of these domains also abolished cell-to-cell movement of the virus. The results are discussed in the context of TGB3 membrane topology.
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Transient coexpression of individual genes encoded by the triple gene block of potato mop-top virus reveals requirements for TGBp1 trafficking.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2004Co-Authors: Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Eugene I. Savenkov, Maria Sandgren, Jari P. T. Valkonen, Andrey G. Solovyev, Anna Germundsson, Sergey Y. MorozovAbstract:TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3, three plant virus movement proteins encoded by the “triple gene block” (TGB), may act in concert to facilitate cell-to-cell transport of viral RNA genomes. Transient expression of Potato mop-top virus (genus Pomovirus) movement proteins was used as a model to reconstruct interactions between TGB proteins. In bombarded epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TGBp1 was distributed uniformly. However, in the presence of TGBp2 and TGBp3, GFP-TGBp1 was directed to intermediate bodies at the cell periphery, and to cell wall-embedded punctate bodies. Moreover, GFP-TGBp1 migrated into cells immediately adjacent to the bombarded cell. These data suggest that TGBp2 and TGBp3 mediate transport of GFP-TGBp1 to and through plasmodesmata. Mutagenesis of TGBp1 suggested that the NTPase and helicase activities of TGBp1 were not required for its transport to intermediate bodies directed by TGBp2 and TGBp3, but these activities were essential for the protein associ...
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Complete sequence of RNA 1 and the presence of tRNA-like structures in all RNAs of potato mop-top virus, genus Pomovirus.
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: Eugene I. Savenkov, Maria Sandgren, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:The complete nucleotide sequence (6043 nt) of RNA 1 from Potato mop-top virus (PMTV-Sw), the type member of the genus Pomovirus, was determined. The first (5′-terminal) open reading frame (ORF 1) encodes a predicted protein of 148 kDa. ORF 2 extends through the opal stop codon of ORF 1 producing a predicted readthrough protein of 206 kDa which resembles the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) of other fungal-transmitted viruses. It includes a methyltransferase, a helicase and a GDD RdRp motif, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of RdRps indicated that PMTV is most closely related to Beet soil-borne virus (genusPomovirus), Broad bean necrosis virus (genus Pomovirus) and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (genus Furovirus), and is more distantly related to the other viruses of the former furovirus group. The 5′ and 3′ termini of RNA 1 in PMTV contained untranslated regions (UTR) of 114 nt and 489 nt, respectively. The 3′-UTR of RNA 1 contained a tRNA-like structure, which has previously been reported in the 3′-UTR of RNA 2 but not RNA 3. However, in this study, the tRNA-like structure was also found in the 3′-UTR of RNA 3, which confirms its presence in the 3′-UTRs of all three RNAs of PMTV.
Lesley Torrance - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unusual features of pomoviral RNA movement.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Lesley Torrance, Kathryn M. Wright, François Crutzen, Graham H. Cowan, Nina I. Lukhovitskaya, Claude Bragard, Eugene I. SavenkovAbstract:Potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV) is one of a few viruses that can move systemically in plants in the absence of the coat protein (CP). Pomoviruses encode the triple gene block genetic module of movement proteins (TGB 1, 2 & 3) and recent research suggests that PMTV RNA is transported either as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes containing TGB1 or encapsidated in virions containing TGB1. Furthermore, there are different requirements for local or systemic (long distance) movement. Research suggests that nucleolar passage of TGB1 may be important for the long distance movement of both RNP and virions. Moreover, and uniquely, the long distance movement of the CP-encoding RNA requires expression of both major and minor CP subunits and is inhibited when only the major CP sub unit is expressed. This paper reviews recent Pomovirus research and presents a current model for RNA movement.
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Reviewed by:
2011Co-Authors: Eugene I. Savenkov, Kathryn M. Wright, François Crutzen, Graham H. Cowan, Nina I. Lukhovitskaya, Claude Bragard, Michael Taliansky, The James Hutton, Lesley TorranceAbstract:Potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV) is one of a few viruses that can move systemically in plants in the absence of the capsid protein (CP). Pomoviruses encode the triple gene block genetic module of movement proteins (TGB 1, 2, and 3) and recent research suggests that PMTV RNA is transported either as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes containingTGB1 or encapsidated in virions containing TGB1. Furthermore, there are different requirements for local or systemic (long-distance) movement. Research suggests that nucleolar passage of TGB1 may be important for the long-distance movement of both RNP and virions. Moreover, and uniquely, the long-distance movement of the CP-encoding RNA requires expression of both major and minor CP subunits and is inhibited when only the major CP sub unit is expressed. This paper reviews Pomovirus research and presents a current model for RNA movement
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Plasmodesmal targeting and intercellular movement of potato mop-top Pomovirus is mediated by a membrane anchored tyrosine-based motif on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the TGB3 movement protei
Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Jens Tilsner, Eugene I. Savenkov, Graham H. Cowan, Alison G. Roberts, Sean Chapman, Angelika Ziegler, Lesley TorranceAbstract:Abstract Live-cell fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the third triple gene block protein (TGB3) of potato mop-top Pomovirus and its role in assisted targeting of TGB2 to plasmodesmata (PD). Wild-type and mutant TGB3 proteins were expressed under the control of the 35 S promoter or from a virus reporter clone. Assisted targeting of TGB2 to PD was optimal when the proteins were expressed from a bicistronic plasmid in the relative ratios expected in a virus infection, suggesting that excess TGB3 inhibited PD localisation. Contrary to the generally accepted view, bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that the TGB3 N terminus is located in the cytosol. Mutational analysis to dissect TGB3 sub domain functions showed that PD targeting was mediated by a composite signal comprising an ER-lumenal tyrosine-based motif and the C-terminal transmembrane domain. Mutation of either of these domains also abolished cell-to-cell movement of the virus. The results are discussed in the context of TGB3 membrane topology.
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association of sequences in the coat protein readthrough domain of potato mop top virus with transmission by spongospora subterranea
Journal of General Virology, 1998Co-Authors: Brian Reavy, G H Cowan, Muhammad Arif, Lesley TorranceAbstract:A monofungal culture of Spongospora subterranea was unable to acquire and transmit the T isolate of potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV-T), which has been maintained by manual transmission in the laboratory for 30 years. A recently obtained field isolate (PMTV-S) was efficiently acquired and transmitted by the same fungus culture. Sequence analysis of the readthrough (RT) protein-coding region of PMTV-S showed the presence of an additional 543 nt in the 3' half of the coding region relative to that of PMTV-T. These additional nucleotides preserved the reading frame of the RT protein and inserted 181 amino acids into the RT protein. This was confirmed by a comparison by immunoblotting of the sizes of the RT protein of PMTV-T and other recent isolates of PMTV.
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Association of sequences in the coat protein/readthrough domain of potato mop-top virus with transmission by Spongospora subterranea.
The Journal of general virology, 1998Co-Authors: Brian Reavy, G H Cowan, Muhammad Arif, Lesley TorranceAbstract:A monofungal culture of Spongospora subterranea was unable to acquire and transmit the T isolate of potato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV-T), which has been maintained by manual transmission in the laboratory for 30 years. A recently obtained field isolate (PMTV-S) was efficiently acquired and transmitted by the same fungus culture. Sequence analysis of the readthrough (RT) protein-coding region of PMTV-S showed the presence of an additional 543 nt in the 3' half of the coding region relative to that of PMTV-T. These additional nucleotides preserved the reading frame of the RT protein and inserted 181 amino acids into the RT protein. This was confirmed by a comparison by immunoblotting of the sizes of the RT protein of PMTV-T and other recent isolates of PMTV.
G. Büttner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structure and variability of the 3' end of RNA 3 of Beet soil-borne Pomovirus--a virus with uncertain pathogenic effects.
Archives of virology, 2000Co-Authors: R. Koenig, C. W. A. Pleij, G. BüttnerAbstract:PCR products representing c. 550 3' terminal bases of Beet soil-borne Pomovirus (BSBV) RNA 3 were compared for sources of this virus from all major sugarbeet-growing areas in Germany. In none of these areas conspicious symptoms could be attributed to the presence of BSBV. Single strand conformation polymorphism analyses suggested that the BSBV genome may be very variable. This was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Each PCR product which was analysed showed sequence differences to others. Even the PCR products obtained from plants grown in the same soil sample were different. The highly variable nature of the BSBV genome is in contrast to the much more conserved nature of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus genome. By means of the STAR programme a secondary structure was predicted for the 3' end of BSBV RNA 3, in which some areas are highly conserved, whereas others are characterized by a clustering of nucleotide exchanges.
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Structure and variability of the 3′ end of RNA 3 of Beet soil-borne Pomovirus– a virus with uncertain pathogenic effects
Archives of Virology, 2000Co-Authors: R. Koenig, C. W. A. Pleij, G. BüttnerAbstract:PCR products representing c. 550 3′ terminal bases of Beet soil-borne Pomovirus (BSBV) RNA 3 were compared for sourcesof this virus from all major sugarbeet-growing areas in Germany. In noneof these areas conspicious symptoms could be attributed to the presence of BSBV. Single strand conformation polymorphism analyses suggested that the BSBV genome may be very variable. This was confirmedby nucleotide sequence analysis. Each PCR product which was analysed showed sequence differences to others. Even the PCR products obtained from plants grown in the same soil sample were different. The highly variable nature of the BSBV genome is in contrast to the much more conserved nature of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus genome. Bymeans of the STAR programme a secondary structure was predicted for the 3′ end of BSBV RNA 3, in which some areas are highly conserved, whereas others are characterized by a clustering of nucleotide exchanges.
Maria Sandgren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transient coexpression of individual genes encoded by the triple gene block of potato mop-top virus reveals requirements for TGBp1 trafficking.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2004Co-Authors: Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Eugene I. Savenkov, Maria Sandgren, Jari P. T. Valkonen, Andrey G. Solovyev, Anna Germundsson, Sergey Y. MorozovAbstract:TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3, three plant virus movement proteins encoded by the “triple gene block” (TGB), may act in concert to facilitate cell-to-cell transport of viral RNA genomes. Transient expression of Potato mop-top virus (genus Pomovirus) movement proteins was used as a model to reconstruct interactions between TGB proteins. In bombarded epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TGBp1 was distributed uniformly. However, in the presence of TGBp2 and TGBp3, GFP-TGBp1 was directed to intermediate bodies at the cell periphery, and to cell wall-embedded punctate bodies. Moreover, GFP-TGBp1 migrated into cells immediately adjacent to the bombarded cell. These data suggest that TGBp2 and TGBp3 mediate transport of GFP-TGBp1 to and through plasmodesmata. Mutagenesis of TGBp1 suggested that the NTPase and helicase activities of TGBp1 were not required for its transport to intermediate bodies directed by TGBp2 and TGBp3, but these activities were essential for the protein associ...
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Evaluation of some North and South American potato breeding lines for resistance toPotato mop-top virus in Sweden
American Journal of Potato Research, 2002Co-Authors: Maria Sandgren, Robert L. Plaisted, Kazuo N. Watanabe, Stig Olsson, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:The necrotic symptoms (spraing) in tubers caused byPotato mop-top Pomovirus (PMTV) have become a severe problem for potato production in Scandinavia. PMTV is transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen (Spongospora subterranea) and no methods for control are currently available. Two breeding lines (NY99 and NY103) from the Cornell University potato breeding program, twotuberosum ×acaule lines (TA3.8.3.3 and TA3.5.3.7) from the International Potato Center (CIP), and one line (IvP35) ofSolarium phureja were tested for resistance to PMTV in field trials in Sweden in 1998 and 1999. In both years, NY99 had a low incidence of PMTV infection in tubers, and the infected tubers showed a low accumulation of PMTV, indicating that NY99 is a promising new source of resistance to PMTV for breeding programs. Furthermore, it may be suitable for cultivation in Scandinavia, which, however, needs to be evaluated in more extensive field trials.
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Complete sequence of RNA 1 and the presence of tRNA-like structures in all RNAs of potato mop-top virus, genus Pomovirus.
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: Eugene I. Savenkov, Maria Sandgren, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:The complete nucleotide sequence (6043 nt) of RNA 1 from Potato mop-top virus (PMTV-Sw), the type member of the genus Pomovirus, was determined. The first (5′-terminal) open reading frame (ORF 1) encodes a predicted protein of 148 kDa. ORF 2 extends through the opal stop codon of ORF 1 producing a predicted readthrough protein of 206 kDa which resembles the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) of other fungal-transmitted viruses. It includes a methyltransferase, a helicase and a GDD RdRp motif, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of RdRps indicated that PMTV is most closely related to Beet soil-borne virus (genusPomovirus), Broad bean necrosis virus (genus Pomovirus) and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (genus Furovirus), and is more distantly related to the other viruses of the former furovirus group. The 5′ and 3′ termini of RNA 1 in PMTV contained untranslated regions (UTR) of 114 nt and 489 nt, respectively. The 3′-UTR of RNA 1 contained a tRNA-like structure, which has previously been reported in the 3′-UTR of RNA 2 but not RNA 3. However, in this study, the tRNA-like structure was also found in the 3′-UTR of RNA 3, which confirms its presence in the 3′-UTRs of all three RNAs of PMTV.