The Experts below are selected from a list of 6912 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew Cotten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased resolution of african swine fever virus genome patterns based on profile hmms of protein domains
Virus Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Charles Masembe, My V T Phan, David Robertson, Matthew CottenAbstract:African swine fever virus (ASFV), belonging to the Asfarviridae family, was originally described in Africa almost 100 years ago and is now spreading uncontrolled across Europe and Asia and threatening to destroy the domestic Pork Industry. Neither effective antiviral drugs nor protective vaccines are currently available. Efforts to understand the basis for viral pathogenicity and the development of attenuated potential vaccine strains are complicated by the large and complex nature of the ASFV genome. We report here a novel alignment-free method of documenting viral diversity based on profile hidden Markov model domains on a genome scale. The method can be used to infer genomic relationships independent of genome alignments and also reveal ASFV genome sequence differences that determine the presence and characteristics of functional protein domains in the virus. We show that the method can quickly identify differences and shared patterns between virulent and attenuated ASFV strains and will be a useful tool for developing much-needed vaccines and antiviral agents to help control this virus. The tool is rapid to run and easy to implement, readily available as a simple Docker image.
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increased resolution of african swine fever virus genome patterns based on profile hmm protein domains
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Charles Masembe, My V T Phan, David Robertson, Matthew CottenAbstract:African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) was originally described in Africa almost 100 years ago and is now spreading uncontrolled across Europe and Asia and threatening to destroy the domestic Pork Industry. Neither effective antiviral drugs nor a protective vaccine are currently available. Efforts to understand the basis for viral pathogenicity and the development of attenuated potential vaccine strains are complicated by the large and complex ASFV genome. We report here a novel method of documenting viral diversity based on profile Hidden Markov Model domains on a genome scale. The method can be used to infer genomic relationships independent of genome alignments and also reveal ASFV genome sequence differences that alter the presence of functional protein domains in the virus. We show that the method can quickly identify differences and shared patterns between virulent and attenuated ASFV strains and will be a useful tool for developing much-needed vaccines and antiviral agents to help control this virus. The tool is rapid to run and easy to implement, readily available as a simple Docker image.
Steven M. Lonergan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid determination of Pork sensory quality using Raman spectroscopy
Meat Science, 2012Co-Authors: Qi Wang, Steven M. LonerganAbstract:Abstract Existing objective methods to predict sensory attributes of Pork in general do not yield satisfactory correlation to panel evaluations, and their applications in meat Industry are limited. In this study, a Raman spectroscopic method was developed to evaluate and predict tenderness, juiciness and chewiness of fresh, uncooked Pork loins from 169 pigs. Partial Least Square Regression models were developed based on Raman spectroscopic characteristics of the Pork loins to predict the values of the sensory attributes. Furthermore, binary barcodes were created based on spectroscopic characteristics of the Pork loins, and subjected to multivariate statistical discriminant analysis (i.e., Support Vector Machine) to differentiate and classify Pork loins into quality grades (“good” and “bad” in terms of tenderness and chewiness). Good agreement (> 83% correct predictions) with sensory panel results was obtained. The method developed in this report has the potential to become a rapid objective assay for tenderness and chewiness of Pork products that may find practical applications in Pork Industry.
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Rapid determination of Pork sensory quality using Raman spectroscopy
2010 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania June 20 - June 23 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Qi Wang, Steven M. LonerganAbstract:Currently existing objective methods to evaluate tenderness and chewiness of Pork in general do not yield satisfactory correlation to sensory panel evaluations, and their applications in meat Industry are hence limited. In this study, a Raman spectrosensing method was developed to evaluate and predict tenderness and chewiness of Pork loins. Raman spectroscopic binary barcodes for Pork loins from 169 pigs were created based on their spectroscopic characteristics, and multivariate statistical discriminant model was developed based on the Raman barcodes to differentiate and classify Pork loins into tenderness grades. Good agreement (> 82% correct predictions) with sensory panel results were obtained especially for Pork loins that were at the extreme ends of tenderness (tenderness score 11) and chewiness (chewiness score 4) spectrum. The method developed in this report has the potential to become a rapid objective assay for tenderness and chewiness of Pork products that may find practical applications in Pork Industry.
Eloy Garciacalvo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainability of the water footprint of the spanish Pork Industry
Ecological Indicators, 2015Co-Authors: Angel De Miguel, Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra, Eloy GarciacalvoAbstract:Around 92% of the humanity's footprint (WF) relates to the agricultural sector, and a considerable proportion of this is associated with animal farming. In Spain, the swine sector accounts for 11% of agricultural output in economic terms and makes substantial demands on freshwater resources. In this study we estimate the WF of the Spanish pig sector at an average 19.5 billion m3/yr (82% green, 8% blue, 10% grey) over the period 2001–08. During this period the WF increased by 23%, due to growing exports. About half the water needed to produce concentrate feed comes from Spain, with the remaining 50% embodied in imported feedstock products. When comparing the blue and grey WFs of feed production in the source regions with indicators of water scarcity and water pollution, we find that most of the feed produced in Spain, unlike that imported, comes from watersheds where freshwater resources are overexploited. The evaluation of the WF of four different pig production systems shows that pigs raised in extensive systems have the largest WF per tonne of live animal. However, water pollution is a particular problem in industrial systems given the high geographical concentration of animals. The swine sector is one of the largest consumers of natural resources in Spain and should, therefore, be an important focal point in agricultural, environmental and water policies.
Qi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid determination of Pork sensory quality using Raman spectroscopy
Meat Science, 2012Co-Authors: Qi Wang, Steven M. LonerganAbstract:Abstract Existing objective methods to predict sensory attributes of Pork in general do not yield satisfactory correlation to panel evaluations, and their applications in meat Industry are limited. In this study, a Raman spectroscopic method was developed to evaluate and predict tenderness, juiciness and chewiness of fresh, uncooked Pork loins from 169 pigs. Partial Least Square Regression models were developed based on Raman spectroscopic characteristics of the Pork loins to predict the values of the sensory attributes. Furthermore, binary barcodes were created based on spectroscopic characteristics of the Pork loins, and subjected to multivariate statistical discriminant analysis (i.e., Support Vector Machine) to differentiate and classify Pork loins into quality grades (“good” and “bad” in terms of tenderness and chewiness). Good agreement (> 83% correct predictions) with sensory panel results was obtained. The method developed in this report has the potential to become a rapid objective assay for tenderness and chewiness of Pork products that may find practical applications in Pork Industry.
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Rapid determination of Pork sensory quality using Raman spectroscopy
2010 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania June 20 - June 23 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Qi Wang, Steven M. LonerganAbstract:Currently existing objective methods to evaluate tenderness and chewiness of Pork in general do not yield satisfactory correlation to sensory panel evaluations, and their applications in meat Industry are hence limited. In this study, a Raman spectrosensing method was developed to evaluate and predict tenderness and chewiness of Pork loins. Raman spectroscopic binary barcodes for Pork loins from 169 pigs were created based on their spectroscopic characteristics, and multivariate statistical discriminant model was developed based on the Raman barcodes to differentiate and classify Pork loins into tenderness grades. Good agreement (> 82% correct predictions) with sensory panel results were obtained especially for Pork loins that were at the extreme ends of tenderness (tenderness score 11) and chewiness (chewiness score 4) spectrum. The method developed in this report has the potential to become a rapid objective assay for tenderness and chewiness of Pork products that may find practical applications in Pork Industry.
Sheng Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cryo em structure of the african swine fever virus
Cell Host & Microbe, 2019Co-Authors: Sheng Liu, Yuzi Luo, Yajuan Wang, Zhennan Zhao, Junqing Sun, Ruchao Peng, Hao Song, Dongjie Zhu, Yuan SunAbstract:Summary African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral multilayered structure. ASFV causes a lethal swine hemorrhagic disease and is currently responsible for widespread damage to the Pork Industry in Asia. Neither vaccines nor antivirals are available and the molecular characterization of the ASFV particle is outstanding. Here, we describe the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the icosahedral capsid of ASFV at 4.6-A. The ASFV particle consists of 8,280 copies of the major capsid protein p72, 60 copies of the penton protein, and at least 8,340 minor capsid proteins, of which there might be 3 different types. Like other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, the minor capsid proteins form a hexagonal network below the outer capsid shell, functioning as stabilizers by “gluing” neighboring capsomers together. Our findings provide a comprehensive molecular model of the ASFV capsid architecture that will contribute to the future development of countermeasures, including vaccines.