The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sobue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in progressive supranuclear palsy
Neuropathology, 2007Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Ikuko Aiba, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We describe the histopathologic features of spinal cord lesions in 10 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and review the literature. Histologic examination revealed atrophy with myelin pallor in the anterior Funiculus and anterolateral Funiculus in the cervical and thoracic segments in eight of the 10 cases, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved. The degrees of atrophy of the anterior Funiculus and the anterolateral Funiculus correlated with that of the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. Myelin pallor of the lateral corticospinal tract was observed in two of the 10 cases. Microscopic observation of the spinal white matter, particularly the cervical segment, revealed a few to several neuropil threads, particularly in the white matter surrounding the anterior horn after Gallyas-Braak (GB) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining. However, the Posterior Funiculus was completely preserved from the presence of argyrophilic or tau-positive structures. In the spinal gray matter, widespread distribution of neurons with cytoplasmic inclusions and neuropil threads was observed, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter, especially in the cervical segment. Globose-type neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles were found. The distribution of GB- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons and neuropil threads resembled that of the spinal interneurons. In conclusion, the spinal cord, especially the cervical segment, is constantly involved in the pathologic process of PSP. We speculate that spinal interneurons and their neuronal processes, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter of the cervical segment, are most severely damaged in the PSP spinal cord.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in corticobasal degeneration
Acta Neuropathologica, 2005Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We examined spinal cord lesions in eight patients with a pathological diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Using Gallyas-Braak (G-B) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining, a few neuropil threads were identified in the white matter of the CBD spinal cords, mainly in the anterior Funiculus, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved without threads. In the gray matter of the CBD spinal cords, particularly in the intermediate gray matter, there were widespread neuropil threads and neuronal inclusions. Large motor neurons in the anterior horn, neurons in the intermediolateral column, and Clarke’s column were relatively well preserved from neuronal loss and gliosis. Neuronal inclusions were of the globose type, suggestive of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), or showed diffuse granular accumulations of cytoplasmic tau, suggestive of pretangles. No typical NFTs, recognized by Bodian silver staining, were identified. The distribution of neuropil threads and G-B- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons resembled that of interneurons. No astrocytic plaques were present in any of the CBD spinal cords, and only a few coiled bodies were seen. Neuropil threads in the white and gray matter and neuronal inclusions in the gray matter were prominent in cervical segments, and their density decreased caudally. We suggest that the presence of neuropil threads, particularly in the cervical intermediate gray matter, and the presence of neuronal inclusions, particularly in cervical interneurons, is an essential pathological feature of CBD.
W D Willis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is there a pathway in the Posterior Funiculus that signals visceral pain?
Pain, 1996Co-Authors: R M Hirshberg, E D Al-chaer, N B Lawand, K N Westlund, W D WillisAbstract:The present report provides evidence that axons in the medial part of the Posterior column at T10 convey ascending nociceptive signals from pelvic visceral organs. This evidence was obtained from human surgical case studies and histological verification of the lesion in one of these cases, along with neuroanatomical and neurophysiological findings in animal experiments. A restricted lesion in this area can virtually eliminate pelvic pain due to cancer. The results remain excellent even in cases in which somatic structures of the pelvic body wall are involved. Following this procedure, neurological testing reveals no additional neurological deficit. There is no analgesia to pinprick stimuli applied to the body surface, despite the relief of the visceral pain. Since it is reasonable to attribute the favorable results of limited midline myelotomies to the interruption of axons of visceral nociceptive projection neurons in the Posterior column, we have performed experiments in rats to test this hypothesis. The results in rats indicate that the dorsal column does indeed include a nociceptive component that signals pelvic visceral pain. The pathway includes neurons of the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway at the L6-S1 segmental level, axons of these neurons in the fasciculus gracilis, and neurons of the nucleus gracilis and the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
Yoshiaki Toyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spinal kyphosis causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the spinal cord: a new model of kyphotic deformity using juvenile Japanese small game fowls.
Spine, 2005Co-Authors: Kentaro Shimizu, Masaya Nakamura, Yuji Nishikawa, Sadahisa Hijikata, Kazuhiro Chiba, Yoshiaki ToyamaAbstract:Study design Histologic changes in the spinal cord caused by progressive spinal kyphosis were assessed using a new animal model. Objectives To evaluate the effects of chronic compression associated with kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine on the spinal cord. Summary of background data The spinal cord has remarkable ability to resist chronic compression, however, delayed paralysis is sometimes seen following the development of spinal kyphosis. In the past, no animal model to clarify the mechanism of spinal cord damage due to spinal kyphotic deformity has been available. Methods Laminectomy and bilateral facetectomy at the C4-C5 level was performed in 52 Japanese small game fowls. Histologic changes in the spinal cord associated with progressive kyphotic deformity were examined at different time points after surgery in each animal. The degree of spinal cord flattening and the severity of demyelination in histologic sections were quantitatively evaluated using an image analyzer, and their association with the kyphotic angle was analyzed. Changes in the microvascular distribution in the spinal cord were also examined by microangiography. Results In all operated animals, progressive kyphosis developed reproducibly. The kyphotic angle increased gradually until 3 weeks after surgery and stabilized thereafter. There was a significant correlation between the kyphotic angle and the degree of spinal cord flattening. The spinal cord was compressed most intensely at the apex of the kyphosis, where demyelination of the anterior Funiculus as well as neuronal loss and atrophy of the anterior horn were observed. Demyelination progressed as the kyphotic deformity became more severe, initially affecting the anterior Funiculus and later extending to the lateral and then the Posterior Funiculus. Angiography revealed a decrease of the vascular distribution at the ventral side of the compressed spinal cord. Conclusions Progressive kyphosis of the cervical spine resulted in demyelination of nerve fibers in the funiculi and neuronal loss in the anterior horn due tochronic compression of the spinal cord. These histologic changes seem to be associated with both continuous mechanical compression and vascular changes in the spinal cord.
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Increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after spinal cord injury.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2001Co-Authors: Ken Ishii, Masaya Nakamura, Masahiro Toda, Yoko Nakai, Hiroaki Asou, Masahiko Watanabe, Yoshiyuki Yato, Yoshikazu Fujimura, Yutaka Kawakami, Yoshiaki ToyamaAbstract:The reaction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly understood. In this study, we examined oligodendroglial reactions after contusion SCI in adult rats by immunohistochemistry. OPCs were identified by staining with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) A2B5 and O4. Each of the A2B5-, O4-positive OPCs and galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes dramatically increased in the lesion of the dorsal Posterior Funiculus. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation studies showed that most O4-positive cells in the lesion were labeled with BrdU, suggesting that these OPCs were proliferative. In contrast, the expression of myelin basic protein was decreased in the lesion compared with controls that received laminectomy only. From the injured cord, OPCs were isolated by immunopanning with mAb A2B5. We observed an increased number of OPCs from the injured spinal cords compared with those isolated from controls and unoperated animals. After several days in culture, the OPCs from the lesion expressed galactocerebroside. These results suggest that OPCs are induced and can differentiate following SCI in the adult rat. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:500–507, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Yasushi Iwasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in progressive supranuclear palsy
Neuropathology, 2007Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Ikuko Aiba, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We describe the histopathologic features of spinal cord lesions in 10 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and review the literature. Histologic examination revealed atrophy with myelin pallor in the anterior Funiculus and anterolateral Funiculus in the cervical and thoracic segments in eight of the 10 cases, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved. The degrees of atrophy of the anterior Funiculus and the anterolateral Funiculus correlated with that of the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. Myelin pallor of the lateral corticospinal tract was observed in two of the 10 cases. Microscopic observation of the spinal white matter, particularly the cervical segment, revealed a few to several neuropil threads, particularly in the white matter surrounding the anterior horn after Gallyas-Braak (GB) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining. However, the Posterior Funiculus was completely preserved from the presence of argyrophilic or tau-positive structures. In the spinal gray matter, widespread distribution of neurons with cytoplasmic inclusions and neuropil threads was observed, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter, especially in the cervical segment. Globose-type neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles were found. The distribution of GB- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons and neuropil threads resembled that of the spinal interneurons. In conclusion, the spinal cord, especially the cervical segment, is constantly involved in the pathologic process of PSP. We speculate that spinal interneurons and their neuronal processes, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter of the cervical segment, are most severely damaged in the PSP spinal cord.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in corticobasal degeneration
Acta Neuropathologica, 2005Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We examined spinal cord lesions in eight patients with a pathological diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Using Gallyas-Braak (G-B) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining, a few neuropil threads were identified in the white matter of the CBD spinal cords, mainly in the anterior Funiculus, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved without threads. In the gray matter of the CBD spinal cords, particularly in the intermediate gray matter, there were widespread neuropil threads and neuronal inclusions. Large motor neurons in the anterior horn, neurons in the intermediolateral column, and Clarke’s column were relatively well preserved from neuronal loss and gliosis. Neuronal inclusions were of the globose type, suggestive of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), or showed diffuse granular accumulations of cytoplasmic tau, suggestive of pretangles. No typical NFTs, recognized by Bodian silver staining, were identified. The distribution of neuropil threads and G-B- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons resembled that of interneurons. No astrocytic plaques were present in any of the CBD spinal cords, and only a few coiled bodies were seen. Neuropil threads in the white and gray matter and neuronal inclusions in the gray matter were prominent in cervical segments, and their density decreased caudally. We suggest that the presence of neuropil threads, particularly in the cervical intermediate gray matter, and the presence of neuronal inclusions, particularly in cervical interneurons, is an essential pathological feature of CBD.
Yoshio Hashizume - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathological examination of spinal lesions in meningeal carcinomatosis
Neuropathology, 2008Co-Authors: Mayuki Kizawa, N Mori, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari YoshidaAbstract:For elucidation of the mechanism of spinal cord disorders associated with meningeal carcinomatosis, we investigated meningeal infiltration and parenchymal, vascular, and radicular damage in spinal cords subjected to pathological autopsy. Spinal cords were collected from 24 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis. Infiltration from the subarachnoid space into the spinal cord occurred primarily along the perivascular tissue, and infiltration from the anterior median fissure to the anterior horn was found along the central artery in cases of marked meningeal dissemination. Meningeal dissemination was particularly evident with small cell carcinoma of lung, breast cancer and melanoma, and direct infiltration from the meninges into the spinal cord was found. Direct infiltration into the nerve roots was frequently observed, and infiltration was more evident in the dorsal roots than in the ventral roots, with loss of nerve fibers. Circular necrosis of the white matter in the periphery of the spinal cord was noted in cases of marked meningeal dissemination, which probably resulted from circulatory disturbance secondary to tumor infiltration. In cases of marked dorsal radiculopathy, there was secondary ascending degeneration of the Posterior Funiculus in cases of marked dorsal radiculopathy. These pathological changes associated with spinal cord disorders are important findings in reviewing spinal cord symptoms and radiographic findings in meningeal carcinomatosis.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in progressive supranuclear palsy
Neuropathology, 2007Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Ikuko Aiba, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We describe the histopathologic features of spinal cord lesions in 10 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and review the literature. Histologic examination revealed atrophy with myelin pallor in the anterior Funiculus and anterolateral Funiculus in the cervical and thoracic segments in eight of the 10 cases, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved. The degrees of atrophy of the anterior Funiculus and the anterolateral Funiculus correlated with that of the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. Myelin pallor of the lateral corticospinal tract was observed in two of the 10 cases. Microscopic observation of the spinal white matter, particularly the cervical segment, revealed a few to several neuropil threads, particularly in the white matter surrounding the anterior horn after Gallyas-Braak (GB) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining. However, the Posterior Funiculus was completely preserved from the presence of argyrophilic or tau-positive structures. In the spinal gray matter, widespread distribution of neurons with cytoplasmic inclusions and neuropil threads was observed, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter, especially in the cervical segment. Globose-type neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles were found. The distribution of GB- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons and neuropil threads resembled that of the spinal interneurons. In conclusion, the spinal cord, especially the cervical segment, is constantly involved in the pathologic process of PSP. We speculate that spinal interneurons and their neuronal processes, particularly in the medial division of the anterior horn and intermediate gray matter of the cervical segment, are most severely damaged in the PSP spinal cord.
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Widespread spinal cord involvement in corticobasal degeneration
Acta Neuropathologica, 2005Co-Authors: Yasushi Iwasaki, Yoshio Hashizume, Mari Yoshida, Manabu Hattori, SobueAbstract:We examined spinal cord lesions in eight patients with a pathological diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Using Gallyas-Braak (G-B) staining or AT-8 tau immunostaining, a few neuropil threads were identified in the white matter of the CBD spinal cords, mainly in the anterior Funiculus, whereas the Posterior Funiculus was well preserved without threads. In the gray matter of the CBD spinal cords, particularly in the intermediate gray matter, there were widespread neuropil threads and neuronal inclusions. Large motor neurons in the anterior horn, neurons in the intermediolateral column, and Clarke’s column were relatively well preserved from neuronal loss and gliosis. Neuronal inclusions were of the globose type, suggestive of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), or showed diffuse granular accumulations of cytoplasmic tau, suggestive of pretangles. No typical NFTs, recognized by Bodian silver staining, were identified. The distribution of neuropil threads and G-B- or AT-8 tau-positive small neurons resembled that of interneurons. No astrocytic plaques were present in any of the CBD spinal cords, and only a few coiled bodies were seen. Neuropil threads in the white and gray matter and neuronal inclusions in the gray matter were prominent in cervical segments, and their density decreased caudally. We suggest that the presence of neuropil threads, particularly in the cervical intermediate gray matter, and the presence of neuronal inclusions, particularly in cervical interneurons, is an essential pathological feature of CBD.