Postneonatal Mortality

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Hui-lung Hsieh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Solomon Iyasu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trends in Postneonatal Mortality attributable to injury, United States, 1988-1998.
    Pediatrics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kay M. Tomashek, Jason Hsia, Solomon Iyasu
    Abstract:

    Objective. Half of all Postneonatal Mortality (PNM; deaths among infants aged 28–364 days) in the United States is caused by potentially preventable causes such as sudden infant death syndrome, infections, and injuries. A detailed analysis of PNM attributable to injury has not been conducted and may provide useful data in prioritizing prevention strategies and targeting high-risk populations. Methods. The authors used US infant death certificate data to analyze trends in PNM caused by injury during 1988–1998. Attending physicians, medical examiners, or coroners report cause of death on death certificates using a format specified by the World Health Organization and endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The major causes of PNM by type of injury were evaluated, and trends were compared over time. Injury-related deaths per 100 000 live births were examined by race and region of residence. Rate ratios between black and white infants also were calculated. Results. Among major causes of PNM during the study period, injury Mortality declined the least (13.0% decline; from 29.6 to 25.7 per 100 000 live births). All types of unintentional injury deaths declined except for mechanical suffocation rates, which increased from 4.8 to 7.1. Homicide rates increased slightly (8.5%) from an 11-year low in 1988 and accounted for a greater proportion of all PNM caused by injury by 1998 (27.5% in 1998, 22.1% in 1988). Overall, PNM rates attributable to injury declined less among blacks (8.7%) than whites (13.6%) during the study period, and rates were on average 2.6 times higher among black infants (range: 2.4–3.0). Unintentional injury declined less among blacks (15.4%) than among whites (24.9%), in part because of an increase in motor vehicle crash-related Mortality rates among black infants. Although black infants were more than 3 times as likely to be a victim of homicide than white infants (range: 3.0–4.4), increases in homicide rates were similar among black infants (9.9%) and white infants (10.6%) from 1988 through 1998. Racial disparities in PNM attributable to injury varied by region. PNM rates attributable to injury increased only among black infants residing in the Midwest (10.2%) and West (27.7%) as a result of increases in unintentional injury (ie, motor vehicle crash-related deaths in the West and mechanical suffocation in the Midwest) and homicide rates in these regions. Homicide rates increased among all infants regardless of race, except for infants residing in the Northeast. Conclusions. Overall PNM rates attributable to injury declined, yet rates of mechanical suffocation increased and large regional and racial disparities persisted. Death certificates have limited information to help explain the observed differences. Because injuries are frequently preventable, prevention strategies should encourage formation of infant and child death review teams to help identify community and system factors that may contribute to injury deaths. Health care providers can assist parents in providing a safe environment for infants by counseling on age-appropriate injury prevention as part of their anticipatory guidance and serving as child advocates. Additional studies should examine regional differences in death investigation practices, case ascertainment, and reporting of deaths attributed to intentional injuries.

  • Trends in Postneonatal Mortality attributable to injury, United States, 1988-1998.
    Pediatrics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kay M. Tomashek, Jason Hsia, Solomon Iyasu
    Abstract:

    Half of all Postneonatal Mortality (PNM; deaths among infants aged 28-364 days) in the United States is caused by potentially preventable causes such as sudden infant death syndrome, infections, and injuries. A detailed analysis of PNM attributable to injury has not been conducted and may provide useful data in prioritizing prevention strategies and targeting high-risk populations. The authors used US infant death certificate data to analyze trends in PNM caused by injury during 1988-1998. Attending physicians, medical examiners, or coroners report cause of death on death certificates using a format specified by the World Health Organization and endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The major causes of PNM by type of injury were evaluated, and trends were compared over time. Injury-related deaths per 100 000 live births were examined by race and region of residence. Rate ratios between black and white infants also were calculated. Among major causes of PNM during the study period, injury Mortality declined the least (13.0% decline; from 29.6 to 25.7 per 100 000 live births). All types of unintentional injury deaths declined except for mechanical suffocation rates, which increased from 4.8 to 7.1. Homicide rates increased slightly (8.5%) from an 11-year low in 1988 and accounted for a greater proportion of all PNM caused by injury by 1998 (27.5% in 1998, 22.1% in 1988). Overall, PNM rates attributable to injury declined less among blacks (8.7%) than whites (13.6%) during the study period, and rates were on average 2.6 times higher among black infants (range: 2.4-3.0). Unintentional injury declined less among blacks (15.4%) than among whites (24.9%), in part because of an increase in motor vehicle crash-related Mortality rates among black infants. Although black infants were more than 3 times as likely to be a victim of homicide than white infants (range: 3.0-4.4), increases in homicide rates were similar among black infants (9.9%) and white infants (10.6%) from 1988 through 1998. Racial disparities in PNM attributable to injury varied by region. PNM rates attributable to injury increased only among black infants residing in the Midwest (10.2%) and West (27.7%) as a result of increases in unintentional injury (ie, motor vehicle crash-related deaths in the West and mechanical suffocation in the Midwest) and homicide rates in these regions. Homicide rates increased among all infants regardless of race, except for infants residing in the Northeast. Overall PNM rates attributable to injury declined, yet rates of mechanical suffocation increased and large regional and racial disparities persisted. Death certificates have limited information to help explain the observed differences. Because injuries are frequently preventable, prevention strategies should encourage formation of infant and child death review teams to help identify community and system factors that may contribute to injury deaths. Health care providers can assist parents in providing a safe environment for infants by counseling on age-appropriate injury prevention as part of their anticipatory guidance and serving as child advocates. Additional studies should examine regional differences in death investigation practices, case ascertainment, and reporting of deaths attributed to intentional injuries.

  • Postneonatal Mortality surveillance--United States, 1980-1994
    MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries, 1998
    Co-Authors: Solomon Iyasu, Diane L. Rowley, Hani K. Atrash
    Abstract:

    This report contains public health surveillance data that describe [U.S.] trends in Postneonatal Mortality (PNM) [from 1980 to 1994] and that update information published in 1991.... The PNM rate per 1000 live births declined 29.8% from 4.1 in 1980 to 2.9 in 1994 (31.7% decline among white infants and 25.8% among black). Most of the decline resulted from reduced Mortality from infections and sudden infant death syndrome.... The decline of PNM rates for birth defects was greater for white infants than for black infants. The racial gap in PNM rates widened regionally during the study period except in the South and the Northeast where ratios remained stable. (EXCERPT)

  • Surveillance of Postneonatal Mortality, United States, 1980-1987.
    MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries, 1991
    Co-Authors: Solomon Iyasu, Diane L. Rowley, Hani K. Atrash
    Abstract:

    In the United States, one-third of all infant deaths (deaths of infants ages 0-364 days) occurs in the Postneonatal period (28-364 days). A substantial proportion of these deaths potentially could be prevented. To examine recent trends in Postneonatal Mortality (PNM) in the United States, the investigators analyzed birth and death certificate data for resident infants for the period from 1980 through 1987. Rates of PNM declined 11% from 3.5 to 3.1/1,000 live births among white infants and declined 16% from 7.3 to 6.1/1,000 live births among black infants. Most of the decline resulted from reduced Mortality from infectious diseases and injuries. A decreased Mortality attributable to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among black infants additionally accounted for the decline. Autopsy rates for SIDS increased from 82% to 92% but did not differ for black infants and white infants. Birth defects-related PNM declined more among white infants than among black infants. The racial gap in PNM (rate ratio (RR) = approximately 2.0) persisted. However, the largest black/white gap occurred in the Northeast (RR = 2.5), the region with the lowest PNM. Black infants were 2.7 and 2.3 times more likely to die of infections and injuries, respectively, than were white infants. Although PNM rates declined during the 1980s, a greater rate of reduction is needed to achieve the Year 2000 objectives, especially among black infants. Such reductions are possible through improved access to comprehensive pediatric care as well as education and community-oriented prevention programs designed to reduce deaths due to infections and injuries. A better understanding of the etiology of SIDS and birth defects is critical for preventing Postneonatal deaths.

L Barton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Decreasing trend in Postneonatal Mortality
    Journal of Perinatology, 2008
    Co-Authors: A Turlington, Joan E. Hodgman, L Barton
    Abstract:

    Objective: The objective was to evaluate the Postneonatal Mortality rate at our institution from 1999 to 2006 as a follow-up to a previous report from our hospital covering 1993 to 1998 and to investigate the causes of death in infants dying in the Postneonatal period. Study Design: We identified all infant deaths before discharge from the nursery aged ⩾28 days. Clinical data for all cases and autopsy records where available were reviewed and the cause of death was determined for each infant. Result: Total nursery deaths for the 7 years were 211, of which 14 (6.6%) occurred after the neonatal period. This represents a decreasing trend from the 12% reported in 1993 to 1998. Causes of death were the complications of prematurity and congenital defects. The five infants whose cause of death was the complications of prematurity had chronic lung disease, four had abdominal surgery for perforation and resection and two had intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) Gr IV. All infants had multiple organ failure by the time of death and the final event was infection and/or renal failure. The nine congenital defects included two trisomy 21 with complications, one CHARGE association with heart defects, one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and two others with multiple congenital heart defects. Of the three remaining infants, the anomalies included one with hydranencephaly, one with caudal regression and one with multiple vascular liver tumors. Conclusion: Along with the general decrease in infant Mortality, Postneonatal Mortality is decreasing as a percentage of nursery deaths. The causes of death include complications of prematurity and congenital defects.

  • Decreasing trend in Postneonatal Mortality.
    Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2008
    Co-Authors: A Turlington, Joan E. Hodgman, L Barton
    Abstract:

    The objective was to evaluate the Postneonatal Mortality rate at our institution from 1999 to 2006 as a follow-up to a previous report from our hospital covering 1993 to 1998 and to investigate the causes of death in infants dying in the Postneonatal period. We identified all infant deaths before discharge from the nursery aged ⩾28 days. Clinical data for all cases and autopsy records where available were reviewed and the cause of death was determined for each infant. Total nursery deaths for the 7 years were 211, of which 14 (6.6%) occurred after the neonatal period. This represents a decreasing trend from the 12% reported in 1993 to 1998. Causes of death were the complications of prematurity and congenital defects. The five infants whose cause of death was the complications of prematurity had chronic lung disease, four had abdominal surgery for perforation and resection and two had intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) Gr IV. All infants had multiple organ failure by the time of death and the final event was infection and/or renal failure. The nine congenital defects included two trisomy 21 with complications, one CHARGE association with heart defects, one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and two others with multiple congenital heart defects. Of the three remaining infants, the anomalies included one with hydranencephaly, one with caudal regression and one with multiple vascular liver tumors. Along with the general decrease in infant Mortality, Postneonatal Mortality is decreasing as a percentage of nursery deaths. The causes of death include complications of prematurity and congenital defects.

  • 334 DECREASING TREND IN Postneonatal Mortality.
    Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007
    Co-Authors: A Turlington, L Barton, Joan E. Hodgman
    Abstract:

    NICU deaths beyond the neonatal period comprise a significant percentage of nursery deaths before hospital discharge, yet they are hardly identified as such. We have presented two previous reports from our hospital covering 1976-1983 and 1993-1998.1,2With decreasing neonatal Mortality, we decided to review the subsequent 7 years, 1999-2005. We identified all infant deaths before discharge from the nursery aged ≥ 28 days. Clinical data for all cases and autopsy records where available were reviewed and a cause of death determined. Total nursery deaths for the 6 years were 181, of which 12 (6.6%) occurred after the neonatal period. This represents a decrease from the 12% reported in 1993-1998. Causes of death generally were divided into complications of prematurity and congenital defects. The five infants whose cause of death was prematurity all had chronic lung disease, four had abdominal surgery for perforation and resection, three had positive blood or peritoneum cultures, and two had IVH Gr IV. All infants had multiple organ failure by the time of death, and the final event was infection and/or renal failure. One preterm infant had congenital CMV and one had a tracheoesophageal fistula repaired shortly after birth. The seven congenital defects included two trisomy 21 with complications, one CHARGE association with heart defects, a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Pompe9s disease), and one other congenital heart defect. Of the remaining infants, one had hydranencephaly and the other had multiple vascular liver tumors. Conclusions Along with the general decrease in neonatal Mortality, Postneonatal Mortality is decreasing even faster as a percentage of nursery deaths. The causes of death have remained similarly divided between complications of prematurity and congenital defects.

Annett Arntzen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Printed in Great Britain The Association between Maternal Education and Postneonatal Mortality.
    2016
    Co-Authors: Annett Arntzen, T Moum, Per Magnus, Leiv S. Bakketeig
    Abstract:

    and Bakketeig L S. The association between maternal education and Postneonatal Mortality. Trends in Norway

  • Neonatal and Postneonatal Mortality by maternal education--a population-based study of trends in the Nordic countries, 1981-2000.
    European journal of public health, 2007
    Co-Authors: Annett Arntzen, Laust Hvas Mortensen, Ole Schnor, Sven Cnattingius, Mika Gissler, Anne-marie Nybo Andersen
    Abstract:

    Background: This study examined changes in the educational gradients in neonatal and Postneonatal Mortality over a 20-year period in the four largest Nordic countries. Methods: The study populations were all live-born singleton infants with gestational age of at least 22 weeks from 1981 to 2000 (Finland 1987–2000). Information on births and infant deaths from the Medical Birth Registries was linked to information from census statistics. Numbers of eligible live-births were: Denmark 1 179 831, Finland 834 299 (1987–2000), Norway 1 017 168 and Sweden 1 971 645. Differences in Mortality between education groups were estimated as risk differences (RD), relative risks (RR) and index of inequality ratio (RII). Results: Overall, rates of infant Mortality were in Denmark 5.9 per 1000 live-births, in Finland 4.2 (1987–2000), in Norway 5.3 and in Sweden 4.7. Overall the Mortality decreased in all educational groups, and the educational level increased in the study period. The time-trends differed between neonatal and Postneonatal death. For neonatal death, both the absolute and relative educational differences decreased in Finland and Sweden, increased in Denmark, whereas in Norway a decrease in absolute differences and a slight increase in relative differences occurred. For Postneonatal death, the relative educational differences increased in all countries, whereas the absolute differences decreased. Conclusions: All educational groups experienced a decline in infant Mortality during the period under study. Still, the inverse association between maternal education and RR of Postneonatal death has become more pronounced in all Nordic countries.

  • the association between maternal education and Postneonatal Mortality trends in norway 1968 1991
    International Journal of Epidemiology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Annett Arntzen, T Moum, Per Magnus, Leiv S. Bakketeig
    Abstract:

    This study examines whether the association between maternal educational level and Postneonatal death has changed over time....All single survivors of the neonatal period in Norway in three periods 1968-1971 1978-1981 and 1989-1991 were studied. There were 582046 births and 1717 Postneonatal deaths....There has been an increasing inverse relationship between maternal educational level and Postneonatal Mortality in recent years. There was no statistically significant association between educational level and Postneonatal Mortality in the late 1960s. In the second period (1978-1981) the association is statistically significant for first-born children. In the third period (1989-1991) Postneonatal Mortality for first-born and later-born children was associated with maternal educational level with adjusted odds ratios of 2.5 and 2.1 respectively. (EXCERPT)

  • The Association between Maternal Education and Postneonatal Mortality. Trends in Norway, 1968–1991
    International journal of epidemiology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Annett Arntzen, T Moum, Per Magnus, Leiv S. Bakketeig
    Abstract:

    This study examines whether the association between maternal educational level and Postneonatal death has changed over time....All single survivors of the neonatal period in Norway in three periods 1968-1971 1978-1981 and 1989-1991 were studied. There were 582046 births and 1717 Postneonatal deaths....There has been an increasing inverse relationship between maternal educational level and Postneonatal Mortality in recent years. There was no statistically significant association between educational level and Postneonatal Mortality in the late 1960s. In the second period (1978-1981) the association is statistically significant for first-born children. In the third period (1989-1991) Postneonatal Mortality for first-born and later-born children was associated with maternal educational level with adjusted odds ratios of 2.5 and 2.1 respectively. (EXCERPT)

  • Marital Status as a Risk Factor for Fetal and Infant Mortality
    Scandinavian journal of social medicine, 1996
    Co-Authors: Annett Arntzen, Per Magnus, Torbjørn Moum, Leiv S. Bakketeig
    Abstract:

    In order to study pregnancy outcome for married versus unmarried mothers when controlling statistically for maternal age, educational level, socioeconomic status and income, a total of 93,800 firstborn singleton births in 1978-1982 were examined. The unmarried mothers were younger, less well educated and had a lower socioeconomic status than the married mothers. The stillbirth, neonatal, and Postneonatal Mortality rates were higher among offspring of unmarried mothers. After taking sociodemographic factors into account, marital status was found to be associated with Postneonatal Mortality. The adjusted odds ratio for Postneonatal Mortality was 1.5. Our results indicate the importance of marital status as a demographic risk factor even in a welfare society. There is a need to identify specific risk behaviours associated with the life styles of unmarried mothers. Hopefully our findings will provide information that can be used for future programmes of prevention, especially for the mother and her child during the first year of life.

Babak Khoshnood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Related terms

Postneonatal Mortality - 15 days free trial to Access Experts & Abstracts