The Experts below are selected from a list of 11028 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jacques Berthelin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal contribution to heavy metal uptake by maize ( Zea mays L.) in Pot Culture with contaminated soil
Mycorrhiza, 1995Co-Authors: I. Weissenhorn, Corinne Leyval, G. Belgy, Jacques BerthelinAbstract:In two Pot-Culture experiments with maize in a silty loam (P2 soil) contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a metal smelter, root colonization with indigenous or introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their influence on plant metal uptake (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) were investigated. Soil was γ-irradiated for the nonmycorrhizal control. In experiment 1, nonirradiated soil provided the mycorrhizal treatment, whereas in experiment 2 the irradiated soil was inoculated with spores of a fungal Culture from P2 soil or a laboratory reference Culture, Glomus mosseae. Light intensity was considerably higher in experiment 2 and resulted in a fourfold higher shoot and tenfold higher root biomass. Under the conditions of experiment 1, biomass was significantly higher and Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations significantly lower in the mycorrhizal plants than in the nonmycorrhizal plants, suggesting a protection against metal toxicity. In contrast, in experiment 2, biomass did not differ between treatments and only Cu root concentration was decreased with G. mosseae-inoculated plants, whereas Cu shoot concentration was significantly increased with the indigenous P2 fungal Culture. The latter achieved a significantly higher root colonization than G. mosseae (31.7 and 19.1%, respectively) suggesting its higher metal tolerance. Zn shoot concentration was higher in both mycorrhizal treatments and Pb concentrations, particularly in the roots, also tended to increase with mycorrhizal colonization. Cd concentrations were not altered between treatments. Cu and Zn, but not Pb and Cd root-shoot translocation increased with mycorrhizal colonization. The results show that the influence of AM on plant metal uptake depends on plant growth conditions, on the fungal partner and on the metal, and cannot be generalized. It is suggested that metal-tolerant mycorrhizal inoculants might be considered for soil reclamation, since under adverse conditions AM may be more important for plant metal resistance. Under the optimized conditions of normal agricultural practice, however, AM colonization even may increase plant metal absorption from polluted soils.
M Vijayaragavan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of sugar mill effluent on changes of growth and amino acid and protein contents of maize zea mays l plants
Journal of Ecobiotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: D Ezhilvannan, P S Sharavanan, M VijayaragavanAbstract:The effect of sugar mill effluent on plant growth and biochemical constituents of Maize ( Zea mays L.) was studied in a Pot Culture experiment. The experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. In the Pot Culture experiment, maize plants were grown up to 30th days, in the soil irrigated with different concentrations of sugar mill effluent (viz, 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% v/v). The inner surfaces of Pots were lined with a polythene sheet. Each Pot containing 3kg of air dried soil. Six seeds were sown in each Pot. All Pots were irrigated (500 ml) with respective concentration of test solutions daily. Plants were thinned to a maximum of three per Pots, after a week of germination. The higher sugar mill effluent concentrations (above 40%) were found to affect plant growth and decreased amino acids and protein contents, but diluted effluent (up to 40% ) favoured the plant growth and biochemical contents.
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soil irrigation effect of sugar mill effluent on changes of growth and biochemical contents of raphanus sativus l
Current Botany, 2011Co-Authors: M Vijayaragavan, C Prabhahar, J Sureshkumar, A Natarajan, P Vijayarengan, S SharavananAbstract:The effect of sugar mill effluent on plant growth and biochemical constituents of Raphanus sativus L. var. Pusha Chetki was studied in a Pot Culture experiment. The experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, during the period of January to March 2008. In the Pot Culture experiment, radish plants were grown up to 60Â days, in the soil irrigated with different concentrations of sugar mill effluent (viz, 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100%v/v). The inner surface of Pots was lined with a polythene sheet. Each Pot containing 5kg of air dried soil. Six seeds were sown in each Pot. All Pots were irrigated (500ml) with respective concentration of test solutions daily. Plants were thinned to a maximum of three per Pots, after a week of germination. The higher sugar mill effluent concentrations (above 40%) were found to affect plant growth and decreased chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll, caroteinoids, total sugar, amino acids and protein contents, but diluted effluent (up to 40% ) favoured the plant growth and biochemical contents.
Shuhe Wei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lead accumulation in different Chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars.
Journal of Environmental Management, 2010Co-Authors: Weitao Liu, Qixing Zhou, Yin-long Zhang, Shuhe WeiAbstract:Recently, the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) was proposed to minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain. Variations in lead (Pb) uptake and translocation among Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) cultivars were investigated in a Pot-Culture experiment and a field-Culture experiment to screen out Pb-PSCs for food safety. The results of the Pot-Culture experiment showed that shoot Pb concentrations under two Pb treatments (500 and 1500 mg kg �1 ) varied significantly (p < 0.05) between cultivars, with average values of 3.01 and 6.87 mg kg �1 , respectively. Enrichment factors (EFs) and translocation factors (TFs) in cultivars were less than 0.50 and varied significantly (p < 0.05) between cultivars. Shoot Pb concentrations in 12 cultivars under treatment T1 (500 mg kg � 1 ) were lower than 2.0 mg kg �1 . The field-Culture experiment further confirmed Qiuao, Shiboqiukang and Fuxing 80 as PbPSCs, which were suitable to be cultivated in low-Pb (
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Bidens tripartite L.: a Cd-accumulator confirmed by Pot Culture and site sampling experiment.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2009Co-Authors: Shuhe Wei, Qixing Zhou, Rongcheng Niu, Mrittunjai Srivastava, Tieheng SunAbstract:Characteristics of accumulation and tolerance of cadmium (Cd) in Bidens tripartite L were investigated to identify Cd-accumulating properties. In this study, Pot Culture experiment and site sampling experiments were conducted to assess whether this plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator or accumulator. The results indicated that the Cd enrichment factor (concentration in plant/soil) and Cd translocation factor (concentration in shoot/root) of B. tripartite was principally > 1 in Pot Culture and concentration gradient experiments. Shoot biomass was not reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. However, the Cd concentration in B. tripartite shoots was not higher than 100 mg kg(-1), the threshold concentration for a Cd-hyperaccumulator. In the site sampling experiment, B. tripartite also showed Cd-accumulator properties. Based on these results, B. tripartite could be identified as a Cd-accumulator. Thus, B. tripartite should only be considered as a Cd-accumulator. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Hyperaccumulative property comparison of 24 weed species to heavy metals using a Pot Culture experiment.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2008Co-Authors: Shuhe Wei, Qixing Zhou, Hong Xiao, Chuanjie Yang, Liping RenAbstract:The screening of hyperaccumulators is still very much needed for phytoremediation. With properties such as strong tolerance to adverse environment, fast growing and highly reproductive rate, weed species may be an ideal plant for phytoremediation. The objectives of this study were to examine the tolerance and hyperaccumulative characteristics of 24 species in 9 families to Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn by using the outdoor Pot-Culture experiment. In the screening experiment, only Conyza canadensis and Rorippa globosa displayed Cd-hyperaccumulative characteristics. In a further concentration gradient experiment, C. canadensis was affirmed that it is not a Cd hyperaccumulator. Only R. globosa, indicated all Cd hyperaccumulative characteristics, especially Cd concentration in its stems and leaves were higher than 100 mg/kg, the minimum Cd concentration what a Cd-hyperaccumulator should accumulate. Thus, R. globosa was further validated as a Cd-hyperaccumulator.
Qixing Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variations in cadmium accumulation among Chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for Cd-safe cultivars.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Weitao Liu, Qixing Zhou, Yuebing Sun, Rui LiuAbstract:Variations in cadmium accumulation and translocation among 40 Chinese cabbage cultivars were studied to identify and screen out Cd-safe cultivars (CSCs), i.e. cultivars with low enough accumulation of Cd in their edible parts even when grown in contaminated soils. It was observed in the Pot-Culture experiment that there was a significant difference (p
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Lead accumulation in different Chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars.
Journal of Environmental Management, 2010Co-Authors: Weitao Liu, Qixing Zhou, Yin-long Zhang, Shuhe WeiAbstract:Recently, the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) was proposed to minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain. Variations in lead (Pb) uptake and translocation among Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) cultivars were investigated in a Pot-Culture experiment and a field-Culture experiment to screen out Pb-PSCs for food safety. The results of the Pot-Culture experiment showed that shoot Pb concentrations under two Pb treatments (500 and 1500 mg kg �1 ) varied significantly (p < 0.05) between cultivars, with average values of 3.01 and 6.87 mg kg �1 , respectively. Enrichment factors (EFs) and translocation factors (TFs) in cultivars were less than 0.50 and varied significantly (p < 0.05) between cultivars. Shoot Pb concentrations in 12 cultivars under treatment T1 (500 mg kg � 1 ) were lower than 2.0 mg kg �1 . The field-Culture experiment further confirmed Qiuao, Shiboqiukang and Fuxing 80 as PbPSCs, which were suitable to be cultivated in low-Pb (
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Bidens tripartite L.: a Cd-accumulator confirmed by Pot Culture and site sampling experiment.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2009Co-Authors: Shuhe Wei, Qixing Zhou, Rongcheng Niu, Mrittunjai Srivastava, Tieheng SunAbstract:Characteristics of accumulation and tolerance of cadmium (Cd) in Bidens tripartite L were investigated to identify Cd-accumulating properties. In this study, Pot Culture experiment and site sampling experiments were conducted to assess whether this plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator or accumulator. The results indicated that the Cd enrichment factor (concentration in plant/soil) and Cd translocation factor (concentration in shoot/root) of B. tripartite was principally > 1 in Pot Culture and concentration gradient experiments. Shoot biomass was not reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. However, the Cd concentration in B. tripartite shoots was not higher than 100 mg kg(-1), the threshold concentration for a Cd-hyperaccumulator. In the site sampling experiment, B. tripartite also showed Cd-accumulator properties. Based on these results, B. tripartite could be identified as a Cd-accumulator. Thus, B. tripartite should only be considered as a Cd-accumulator. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Hyperaccumulative property comparison of 24 weed species to heavy metals using a Pot Culture experiment.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2008Co-Authors: Shuhe Wei, Qixing Zhou, Hong Xiao, Chuanjie Yang, Liping RenAbstract:The screening of hyperaccumulators is still very much needed for phytoremediation. With properties such as strong tolerance to adverse environment, fast growing and highly reproductive rate, weed species may be an ideal plant for phytoremediation. The objectives of this study were to examine the tolerance and hyperaccumulative characteristics of 24 species in 9 families to Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn by using the outdoor Pot-Culture experiment. In the screening experiment, only Conyza canadensis and Rorippa globosa displayed Cd-hyperaccumulative characteristics. In a further concentration gradient experiment, C. canadensis was affirmed that it is not a Cd hyperaccumulator. Only R. globosa, indicated all Cd hyperaccumulative characteristics, especially Cd concentration in its stems and leaves were higher than 100 mg/kg, the minimum Cd concentration what a Cd-hyperaccumulator should accumulate. Thus, R. globosa was further validated as a Cd-hyperaccumulator.
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A newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Solatium nigrum L.
Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Qixing Zhou, Xin Wang, Kaisong Zhang, Lena QiyingAbstract:A systematic investigation was conducted to screen for cadmium-hyperaccumulator from 54 species in 20 weed families using outdoor Pot-Culture experiment and small-scale field experiment. The results from the outdoor Pot-Culture experiment showed that Cd concentrations in the stems and leaves of Solatium nigrum L. growing in a soil spiked with 25 mg/kg Cd were up to 103.8 and 124.6 mg/kg (DW), respectively, which was greater than 100 mg/kg, minimum Cd concentration for a Cd-hyperaccumulator. The Cd enrichment factor (EF, concentration ratio in plant to soil) in shoots was as high as 2.68. Moreover, Cd accumulation in shoots was greater than that in roots (TF, concentration ratio in shoots to roots) and the plant biomass growth was not inhibited at the Cd concentrations tested compared with the control. The results of the small-scale field experiment also showed that the characteristics of Cd accumulation in S. nigrum were all consistent with the characteristics of Cd-hyperaccumulators. Thus S. nigrum can be classified as a Cd-hyperaccumulator. This work is important for further research in the areas of hyperaccumulators screening, and plant-tolerance physiology and evolution. It provides a patentable new plant species for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
I. Weissenhorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal contribution to heavy metal uptake by maize ( Zea mays L.) in Pot Culture with contaminated soil
Mycorrhiza, 1995Co-Authors: I. Weissenhorn, Corinne Leyval, G. Belgy, Jacques BerthelinAbstract:In two Pot-Culture experiments with maize in a silty loam (P2 soil) contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a metal smelter, root colonization with indigenous or introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their influence on plant metal uptake (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) were investigated. Soil was γ-irradiated for the nonmycorrhizal control. In experiment 1, nonirradiated soil provided the mycorrhizal treatment, whereas in experiment 2 the irradiated soil was inoculated with spores of a fungal Culture from P2 soil or a laboratory reference Culture, Glomus mosseae. Light intensity was considerably higher in experiment 2 and resulted in a fourfold higher shoot and tenfold higher root biomass. Under the conditions of experiment 1, biomass was significantly higher and Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations significantly lower in the mycorrhizal plants than in the nonmycorrhizal plants, suggesting a protection against metal toxicity. In contrast, in experiment 2, biomass did not differ between treatments and only Cu root concentration was decreased with G. mosseae-inoculated plants, whereas Cu shoot concentration was significantly increased with the indigenous P2 fungal Culture. The latter achieved a significantly higher root colonization than G. mosseae (31.7 and 19.1%, respectively) suggesting its higher metal tolerance. Zn shoot concentration was higher in both mycorrhizal treatments and Pb concentrations, particularly in the roots, also tended to increase with mycorrhizal colonization. Cd concentrations were not altered between treatments. Cu and Zn, but not Pb and Cd root-shoot translocation increased with mycorrhizal colonization. The results show that the influence of AM on plant metal uptake depends on plant growth conditions, on the fungal partner and on the metal, and cannot be generalized. It is suggested that metal-tolerant mycorrhizal inoculants might be considered for soil reclamation, since under adverse conditions AM may be more important for plant metal resistance. Under the optimized conditions of normal agricultural practice, however, AM colonization even may increase plant metal absorption from polluted soils.