The Experts below are selected from a list of 189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven J Cooke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clear as mud a meta analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment control measures
Water Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P < 0.001) except fish abundance (P = 0.058). Heterogeneity between studies was a factor in all analyses. Although there were insufficient studies to conduct meta-analysis on sediment-control devices, weighted percent efficiency estimates revealed that properly installed sediment-control fences tended to have a higher percent efficiency (73-80%) than sediment traps and basins (40-52%). These results highlight the negative impact that increases in suspended and deposited sediments can have on resident fishes from the individual to the population, and the need for more transparent and thorough statistical reporting. The analysis also identifies a clear need for rigorous experimental studies contrasting different sediment-control devices and strategies given that little such work has been published. That alone is remarkable given that sediment-control devices are often a requirement of regulators for riparian development activities, yet the evidence to support the effectiveness of the primary mitigative strategies is weak.
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Clear as mud: A meta-analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment-control measures
Water research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P
Quentin Schull - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flights of drones over sub antarctic seabirds show species and status specific behavioural and physiological responses
Polar Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélien Prudor, Quentin SchullAbstract:Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in research on wildlife. Their wide applications can also give interesting insights into habitat use and population distribution. However, the disturbance they might be responsible for, on species and especially in protected areas has yet to be investigated. We assessed and compared the behavioural response of 11 southern seabird species at the Crozet Islands, Southern Indian Ocean, to drone approaches at specific altitudes. We first show that the behavioural response differed between species depending on the altitude of the drone approach. At 50 m of altitude, only one of the studied species showed a detectable reaction, whereas at 10 m, most species showed strong behavioural postures of stress. Adult penguins breeding in large colonies, and some albatross species showed little behavioural response even when the drone was as close as 3 m, whereas other species such as giant petrels or cormorants appeared highly sensitive to drone approaches. Among King Penguins, although incubating adults showed little signs of behavioural stress, non-breeding adults and fledglings in creches exhibited strong behavioural responses to the drone approach. Monitoring heart rate allowed us to investigate the link between behavioural and physiological response to that specific Potential Stressor in king penguins. Whereas we confirmed the expected link between physiological and behavioural response in chicks, breeding adults showed no behavioural sign of stress but had a significant increase in heart rate, the relative increase being higher than in chicks. All together these results have important implications for the conservation of species and should be helpful for future legislations on the use of drones.
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Flights of drones over sub-Antarctic seabirds show species- and status-specific behavioural and physiological responses
Polar Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélien Prudor, Quentin SchullAbstract:Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in research on wildlife. Their wide applications can also give interesting insights into habitat use and population distribution. However, the disturbance they might be responsible for, on species and especially in protected areas has yet to be investigated. We assessed and compared the behavioural response of 11 southern seabird species at the Crozet Islands, Southern Indian Ocean, to drone approaches at specific altitudes. We first show that the behavioural response differed between species depending on the altitude of the drone approach. At 50 m of altitude, only one of the studied species showed a detectable reaction, whereas at 10 m, most species showed strong behavioural postures of stress. Adult penguins breeding in large colonies, and some albatross species showed little behavioural response even when the drone was as close as 3 m, whereas other species such as giant petrels or cormorants appeared highly sensitive to drone approaches. Among King Penguins, although incubating adults showed little signs of behavioural stress, non-breeding adults and fledglings in crèches exhibited strong behavioural responses to the drone approach. Monitoring heart rate allowed us to investigate the link between behavioural and physiological response to that specific Potential Stressor in king penguins. Whereas we confirmed the expected link between physiological and behavioural response in chicks, breeding adults showed no behavioural sign of stress but had a significant increase in heart rate, the relative increase being higher than in chicks. All together these results have important implications for the conservation of species and should be helpful for future legislations on the use of drones.
Nicolas W R Lapointe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clear as mud a meta analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment control measures
Water Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P < 0.001) except fish abundance (P = 0.058). Heterogeneity between studies was a factor in all analyses. Although there were insufficient studies to conduct meta-analysis on sediment-control devices, weighted percent efficiency estimates revealed that properly installed sediment-control fences tended to have a higher percent efficiency (73-80%) than sediment traps and basins (40-52%). These results highlight the negative impact that increases in suspended and deposited sediments can have on resident fishes from the individual to the population, and the need for more transparent and thorough statistical reporting. The analysis also identifies a clear need for rigorous experimental studies contrasting different sediment-control devices and strategies given that little such work has been published. That alone is remarkable given that sediment-control devices are often a requirement of regulators for riparian development activities, yet the evidence to support the effectiveness of the primary mitigative strategies is weak.
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Clear as mud: A meta-analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment-control measures
Water research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P
Jacqueline M Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clear as mud a meta analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment control measures
Water Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P < 0.001) except fish abundance (P = 0.058). Heterogeneity between studies was a factor in all analyses. Although there were insufficient studies to conduct meta-analysis on sediment-control devices, weighted percent efficiency estimates revealed that properly installed sediment-control fences tended to have a higher percent efficiency (73-80%) than sediment traps and basins (40-52%). These results highlight the negative impact that increases in suspended and deposited sediments can have on resident fishes from the individual to the population, and the need for more transparent and thorough statistical reporting. The analysis also identifies a clear need for rigorous experimental studies contrasting different sediment-control devices and strategies given that little such work has been published. That alone is remarkable given that sediment-control devices are often a requirement of regulators for riparian development activities, yet the evidence to support the effectiveness of the primary mitigative strategies is weak.
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Clear as mud: A meta-analysis on the effects of sedimentation on freshwater fish and the effectiveness of sediment-control measures
Water research, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline M Chapman, Catherine L Proulx, Maxime A N Veilleux, Caroline Levert, S M Bliss, Marieeve Andre, Nicolas W R Lapointe, Steven J CookeAbstract:Increase in fine sediments in freshwater resulting from anthropogenic development is a Potential Stressor for fish and thus may cause population declines. Though a large body of literature exists on the topic, there have been few attempts to synthesize this information in a quantitative manner. Through meta-analysis we investigated the effects of sediment in lotic environments on resident ichthyofauna using ecologically-relevant endpoints for tolerant (e.g., northern pike Esox lucius) and intolerant (e.g., brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) species. Further, the efficiency of sediment-control devices was explored to inform mitigation measures. An increase in suspended and deposited sediments was demonstrated to have a negative effect on all parameters and tolerances tested (feeding behavior [feeding rate, reaction distance to food item]; spawning success [survival of fry to eyed stage, fry emergence]; species richness; P
James J Finneran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthropogenic sound and marine mammal health measures of the nervous and immune systems before and after intense sound exposure
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2004Co-Authors: Tracy A Romano, Mandy Keogh, C Kelly, P Feng, Lee Berk, Carolyn E Schlundt, Donald A Carder, James J FinneranAbstract:Anthropogenic sound is a Potential Stressor for marine mammals that may affect health, as has been demonstrated in other mammals. Therefore, we have initiated investigations on the effects of intense underwater sounds on nervous system activation and immune function in marine mammals. Blood samples were obtained before and after sound exposures (single underwater impulsive sounds (up to 200 kPa) produced from a seismic water gun and (or) single pure tones (up to 201 dB re 1 µPa) resembling sonar "pings" from a white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, and a bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, to measure neural-immune parameters. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine levels increased with increasing sound levels and were significantly higher after high-level sound exposures (>100 kPa) compared with low-level sound exposures ( 100 kPa) qu'apres une exposition a un son de basse intensite (<100 kPa) et plus elevees que chez les temoins (P = 0,003, 0,006 et 0,020). La concentration de phosphatase alcaline a decru pendant la duree de l'experience (P < 0,001), alors que celle de la gamma glutamyl transferase a augmente (P < 0,001). Parmi les mesures significatives de changements neurologiques et immunitaires chez le grand dauphin apres une exposition a des sons impulsifs, signalons une augmentation de l'aldosterone (P = 0,003) et une diminution des monocytes (P = 0,006). Les changements neurologiques et immunitaires lors d'expositions a des sons tonals sont minimaux, bien qu'on observe des changements de plusieurs parametres neurologiques et immunologiques sur une periode temps plus longue.